List of Heads of State 1949

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | List of Heads of State 1949  | 1950  | 1951  | 1952  | 1953  | ►  | ►►
Other events

Africa

• Egypt
  • Head of State: King Faruq (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi Pascha (1948–26 July 1949)
    • Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pascha ( 1940–1942 , July 26, 1949–1950, 1952 )

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Makonnen Endelkachew (1943–1957)

• Liberia
  • Head of State or Government: President William S. Tubman (1944–1971)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
    • Governor General : Gideon Brand van Zyl (1946–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel François Malan (1948–1954)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
    • Governor General : Harold Alexander, 1st Viscount Alexander of Tunis (1946–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Louis Saint-Laurent (1948–1957)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Miguel Alemán Valdés (1946–1952)

• United States of America
  • Head of State and Government: President Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President José Figueres Ferrer (1948–8 November 1949, 1953–1958, 1970–1974 )
    • President Otilio Ulate Blanco (November 8, 1949–1953)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Rafael Trujillo ( 1930–1938 , 1942–1952)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: Revolutionary Government Council (1948–1950)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan José Arévalo (1945–1951)

• Haiti
  • Head of State or Government: President Dumarsais Estimé (1946–1950)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1 January 1949)
    • President Juan Manuel Gálvez (January 1, 1949–1954)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Manuel Gálvez (January 1, 1949–1954)

• Cuba
  • Head of State: President Carlos Prío Socarrás (1948–1952) (1945–1947 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Manuel Antonio de Varona (1948–1950)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes (1947–1950)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Domingo Díaz Arosemena (1948– July 28, 1949)
    • President Daniel Chanis Pinzón (July 28, 1949– November 20, 1949)
    • President Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (November 20, 1949– November 24, 1949, 1960–1964 )
    • President Arnulfo Arias ( 1940-1941 , November 24, 1949-1951, 1968 )

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Perón (1946–1955, 1973–1974 )

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Enrique Hertzog (1947– October 22, 1949)
    • President Mamerto Urriolagoitia Harriague (October 22, 1949–1951)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1946–1951)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Gabriel González Videla (1946–1952)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government: President Galo Plaza Lasso (1948–1952)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Mariano Ospina Pérez (1946–1950)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Juan Natalicio González (1948– January 30, 1949)
    • President Raimundo Rolón (January 30, 1949– February 26, 1949) (acting)
    • President Felipe Molas López (February 27, 1949– September 11, 1949) (acting until May 14, 1949)
    • President Federico Chaves (September 11, 1949–1954) (acting until 1950)

• Peru
  • Head of State: Chairman of the military junta Manuel A. Odría (1948–1950, 1950–1956 )

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Luis Batlle Berres (1947–1951, 1955–1956 )

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (1948–1950)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

• China
  • Head of State:
    • President Chiang Kai-shek (1943– January 21, 1949)
    • (incumbent) Vice President Li Zongren (January 21 – October 1, 1949)
    • Chairman of the Central Council of the People's Government Mao Zedong (October 1, 1949–1959)
  • Head of Government:
    • Chairman of Executive Yuan Sun Ke (1948–12 March 1949)
    • Chairman of the Executive Yuan He Yingqin (March 12 – June 3, 1949)
    • Chairman of the Executive Yuan Yen Hsi-shan (June 3 - October 1, 1949)
    • Premier Zhou Enlai (October 1, 1949–1976)

• India
  • Head of State: King George VI. , Emperor of India (1947–1950)
  • Governor General : C. Rajagopalachari (1948–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)

• Indonesia (until December 27, Dutch East Indies )
  • Head of State and Government: President Sukarno (1945–1967)
  • Governor General : Louis Beel (1948–1949)
  • Governor General: Antonius Hermanus Johannes Lovink (1949)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru (1948–1954)

• North Korea
  • Head of State: President Kim Doo-bong (1948–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Il-sung (1948–1972)

• South Korea
  • Head of State: President Syngman Rhee (1948–1960)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Bum Suk (1948–1950)

• Laos
  • Head of State: King Sisavang Vong (1949–1959), sovereignty proclaimed unilaterally
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Prince Boun Oum

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1948–1951)

• Pakistan
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1947–1952)
  • Governor General: Khawaja Nazimuddin (1948–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan (1947–1951)

• Siam / Thailand (name change on May 11th)
  • Head of State: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946–2016)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Field Marshal Phibul Songkhram (1948–1957)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Muzahim el Patschatschi (1948–1949)
    • Prime Minister Nuri as-Said (6 January – 10 December 1949)
    • Prime Minister Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi (1949–1950)

• Iran
  • Head of State: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ahmad Qavam al-Saltaneh (1946 – January 1948)
    • Prime Minister Ebrahim Hakimi (1948)
    • Prime Minister Abdolhossein Hazhir (1948)
    • Prime Minister Mohammad Sa'ed (1948–1950)

• Israel
  • Head of State: President Chaim Weizmann (1948–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister David Ben Gurion (February 25, 1949–1953)

• Yemen
  • Head of State: King Ahmad ibn Yahya (1948–1962)

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)

• Transjordan / Jordan
  • Ruler: King Abdallah ibn Husain I (1946–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (1946–1953)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Great State Chural Gontschigiin Bumtsend (1940–1953)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (1939–1952)

• Tibet (controversial)
  • Ruler: Dalai Lama Tendzin Gyatsho (1935–1951)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: William McKell (1947-1953)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ben Chifley (1945-19 December 1949)
    • Prime Minister Robert Menzies (December 19, 1949–1966)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg (1946–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Peter Fraser (1940-13 December 1949)
    • Prime Minister Sidney Holland (December 13, 1949–1957)

Europe

• Albania
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Albanian Workers' Party Enver Hoxha (1948–1985) (from 1954 1st Secretary) (1946–1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Omer Nishani (1946–1953)
  • Head of government: Prime Minister Enver Hoxha (1946–1954) (1941–1985 party leader)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1943–1969)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
    • Regent: Prince Karl (1944–1950)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak ( 1938–1939, 1946 , 1947–11 August 1949)
    • Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens (August 11, 1949–1950, 1958–1961, 1968–1973 )

• Bulgaria
  • Party leader:
    • General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Georgi Dimitrov (1946–2 July 1949) (1946–1949 Prime Minister)
    • General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Vasil Kolarow (July 2, 1949–1950) (1946–1947 Chairman of the Provisional Presidium; 1949–1950 Prime Minister)
    • General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Walko Chervenkov (July 2, 1949–1954) (Prime Minister 1950–1956)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly Mintscho Nejchew (1947–1950)
  • Head of Government:
    • Chairman of the Council of Ministers Georgi Dimitrov (1946–2 July 1949) (1946–1949 party leader)
    • Chairman of the Council of Ministers Vasil Kolarow (1949–1950) (July 2, 1949–1950 party leader, 1946–1947 chairman of the provisional presidium)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Friedrich IX. (1947–1972)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hans Hedtoft (1947–1950, 1953–1955 )
  • Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
    • Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Cai A. Vagn-Hansen (1948–1954)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrass Samuelsen (1948–1950)

• Germany (under Allied occupation until 1949)
  • American zone of occupation
    • Military Governor : Lucius D. Clay (1947-14 May 1949)
    • Military Governor: Clarence R. Huebner (May 15, 1949– September 1, 1949) (acting)
    • High Commissioner : John J. McCloy (September 2, 1949–1952)
  • British zone of occupation
    • Military Governor: Brian Robertson (1947-21 September 1949)
  • French zone of occupation
    • Military governor: Pierre Koenig (1945–21 September 1949)
  • Soviet occupation zone
    • Head of the Soviet Military Administration : Wassili Sokolowski (1946–29 March 1949)
    • Head of the Soviet Military Administration: Vasily Tschuikow (March 29, 1949– October 10, 1949)

• Federal Republic of Germany (independent since September 7, 1949) (1949–1955 under occupation law)
  • Head of State:
    • Federal Council President Karl Arnold (7 September 1949–12 September 1949) (acting)
    • Federal President Theodor Heuss (September 12, 1949–1959)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer (September 16, 1949–1963)

• German Democratic Republic (independent since October 7, 1949)
  • Party leader:
    • Chairman of the SED Wilhelm Pieck (1946–1950) (1949–1960 President)
    • Chairman of the SED Otto Grotewohl (1946–1950) (1949–1964 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State:
    • President of the People's Chamber President of the GDR (October 7, 1949– October 11, 1949, 1960 ) (acting)
    • President Wilhelm Pieck (October 11, 1949–1960) (1946–1950 party leader)
  • Head of government: Prime Minister Otto Grotewohl (October 12, 1949–1964) (1946–1950 party leader)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1946–1956) (1918, 1944–1946 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Karl-August Fagerholm (1948–1950, 1956–1957, 1958–1959 )

• France
  • Head of State: President Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Henri Queuille (1948–28 October 1949, 1950, 1951 )
    • President of the Council of Ministers Georges Bidault (October 28, 1949–1950)

• Greece
  • Head of State: King Paul (1947–1964)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Themistoklis Sofoulis ( 1924, 1945–1946 , 1947–24 June 1949)
    • Prime Minister Alexandros Diomidis (June 24, 1949–1950) (provisional until June 30, 1949)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: President Seán Ó Ceallaigh (1945–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister John A. Costello (1948–1951, 1954–1957 )

• Iceland
  • Head of State: President Sveinn Björnsson (1944–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson (1947–6 December 1949)
    • Prime Minister Ólafur Thors ( 1944–1947 , December 6, 1949–1950, 1953–1956, 1959–1963 )

• Italy
  • Head of State: President Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi (1945–1953) (1946 Head of State)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State: President Ivan Ribar (1945–1953)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito (1945–1963) (1953–1980 President)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
  • Prime Minister Alexander Frick (1945–1962)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre Dupong (1937–1953)

• Monaco
  • Head of State:
    • Prince Louis II (1922–9 May 1949)
    • Prince Rainier III. (May 9, 1949–2005)
  • Head of Government:
    • Minister of State Pierre Blanchy ( 1944 , January 4, 1949– July 12, 1949, 1962–1963 ) (acting)
    • Minister of State Jacques Léon Rueff (July 12, 1949–1950)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Juliana (1948–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Willem Drees (1948–1958)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen (1945–1951, 1955–1963, 1963–1965 )

• Austria (occupied)
  • Head of State: Federal President Karl Renner (1945–1950)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl (1945–1953)

• Poland
  • Head of State: President Bolesław Bierut (1944–1952) (until 1947 President of the National Council, 1952–1954 Prime Minister, 1948–1954 party leader)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz (1947–1952, 1954–1970 ) (1970–1972 Chairman of the State Council)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President António Oscar de Fragoso Carmona (1925–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Head of State: Chairman of the State Committee Constantin Parhon (1948–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Petru Groza (1945–1952)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Giordano Giacomini (1948–1 April 1949, 1953–1954, 1957 ) and Domenico Tomassoni (1948–1 April 1949)
    • Ferruccio Martelli ( 1914, 1918, 1945–1946 , April 1, 1949– October 1, 1949) and Primo Bugli (April 1, 1949– October 1, 1949, 1955–1956, 1973, 1976–1977 )
    • Vincenzo Pedini ( 1946 , October 1, 1949–1950, 1953 ) and Agostino Biordi (October 1, 1949–1950, 1959, 1962–1963 )

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Tage Erlander (1946–1969)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Ernst Nobs (1949)
  • Federal Council :
    • Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
    • Enrico Celio (1940–1950)
    • Karl Kobelt (1941–1954)
    • Eduard von Steiger (1941–1951)
    • Ernst Nobs (1944–1951)
    • Max Petitpierre (1945–1951)
    • Rodolphe Rubattel (1948–1954)

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Schwernik (1946–1953)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Josef Stalin (1941–1953)

• Spain
  • Head of State and Government: General Francisco Franco (1939–1975)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Head of State: President Klement Gottwald (1948–1953) (1946–1948 Prime Minister, 1929–1953 Chairman of the KPČ)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Antonín Zápotocký (1948–1953) (1953–1957 President)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President İsmet İnönü (1938–1950)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Hasan Saka (1947–16 January 1949)
    • Prime Minister Şemsettin Günaltay (January 16, 1949–1950)

• Hungary
  • Head of State:
    • President Árpád Szakasits (1948–1950, from 23 August "Chairman of the Presidency Council" )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister István Dobi (1948–1952)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Earl Clement Attlee (1945–1951)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares