List of Heads of State 1953

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | List of Heads of State 1953  | 1954  | 1955  | 1956  | 1957  | ►  | ►►
Other events

Africa

• Egypt (republic since June 18, 1953)
  • Head of State:
    • King Fu'ad II (1952– June 18, 1953)
    • President Muhammad Nagib (June 18, 1953–1954, 1954 ) (1952–1954, 1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad Nagib (1952–1954, 1954 ) (1953–1954, 1954 President)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Makonnen Endelkachew (1943–1957)

• Liberia
  • Head of State or Government: President William S. Tubman (1944–1971)

• Libya
  • Head of State: King Idris (1951–1969)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahmud al-Muntasir (1951–1954, 1964–1965 )

• South Africa
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1952–1961)
    • Governor General : Ernest George Jansen (1951–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel François Malan (1948–1954)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General : Vincent Massey (1952–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Louis Saint-Laurent (1948–1957)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1952–1958)

• United States of America
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Harry S. Truman (1945– January 20, 1953)
    • President Dwight D. Eisenhower (January 20, 1953–1961)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Otilio Ulate Blanco (1949–8 November 1953)
    • President José Figueres Ferrer ( 1948–1949 , November 8, 1953–1958, 1970–1974 )

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Hector Bienvenido Trujillo Molina (1952–1960)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Óscar Osorio (1950–1956)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (1951–1954)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government: President Paul Eugène Magloire (1950–1956)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Manuel Gálvez (1949–1954)

• Cuba
  • Head of State and Government: President Fulgencio Batista ( 1940–1944 , 1952–1959)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President Anastasio Somoza García ( 1937–1947 , 1950–1956)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government: President José Antonio Remón Cantera (1952–1955)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Perón (1946–1955, 1973–1974 )

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1952–1956, 1960–1964, 1985–1989 )

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Getúlio Vargas ( 1930–1945 , 1951–1954)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo ( 1927–1931 , 1952–1958)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government: President José María Velasco Ibarra ( 1934–1935, 1944–1947 , 1952–1956, 1960–1961, 1968–1972 )

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Laureano Gómez (1950–13 June 1953)
    • President Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez (1951–13 June 1953) (acting)
    • President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (June 13, 1953–1957)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Federico Chaves (1949–1954) (provisional until August 15, 1953)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Manuel A. Odría ( 1949–1950 , 1950–1956)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Zenón Noriega Agüero (1950–1954) (1950 Head of State)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Mationalrat Andrés Martínez Trueba (1951–1956) (until 1952 President)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1952–1958) (provisional until April 19, 1953)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Head of State: King Jigme Dorje Wangchuck (1952–1972)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jigme Palden Dorji (1952–1964)

• Burma (from 1989 Myanmar )
  • Head of State: President Ba U (1952–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister U Nu (1948–1956, 1957–1958, 1960–1962 )

• Ceylon (from 1972 Sri Lanka )
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1952–1972)
    • Governor General : Herwald Ramsbotham (1949–1954)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Dudley Shelton Senanayake (1952– October 12, 1953, 1960, 1970–1975 )
    • Prime Minister John Lionel Kotalawela (October 12, 1953–1956)

• Republic of China (Taiwan)
  • Head of State: President Chiang Kai-shek (1950–1975) (1928–1931, 1943–1948 Chairman of the National Government of China, 1948–1949 President of National China; 1930–1931, 1935–1938, 1939–1945, 1947 Prime Minister of National China)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Chen Cheng (1950–1954, 1958–1963 )

• People's Republic of China
  • Party leader: Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong (1943–1976) (1949–1954 Chairman of the Central People's Government; 1954–1959 President)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Central People's Government Mao Zedong (1949–1959) (President from 1954) (1942–1976 party leader)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhou Enlai (1949–1976)

• India
  • Head of State: President Rajendra Prasad (1950–1962)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)

• Indonesia
  • Head of State: President Sukarno (1945–1967)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Wilopo (1952–30 July 1953)
    • Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo (July 30, 1953–1955, 1956–1957 )

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989) (1921–1926 regent)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister ( 1946–1947 , 1948–1954)

• Cambodia (independent since November 9, 1953)
  • Head of state: King Norodom Sihanouk (1941–1955, 1993–2004 ) (1991–1993 Chairman of the Supreme National Council) (1945, 1950, 1952–1953, 1954, 1955–1956, 1956, 1956, 1957, 1958–1960, 1961– 1962 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Penn Nouth ( 1948–1949 , January 24, 1953– November 22, 1953, 1954–1955, 1958, 1961, 1968–1969, 1975–1976 )
    • Prime Minister Chan Nak (November 23, 1953–1954)

• North Korea
  • De facto ruler : Kim Il-sung (1948–1994)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Du-bong (1948–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Il-sung (1948–1972)

• South Korea
  • Head of State: President Rhee Syng-man (1948–1960)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Baek Du-jin (1952–1954, 1970–1971 )

• Laos (independent since October 22, 1953)
  • Head of State: King Sisavang Vong ( 1945 , 1946–1959) (1904–1945 King of Luang Prabang)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Suvanna Phuma (1951–1954, 1956–1958, 1960, 1962–1975 )

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan ( 1911–1950 , 1951–1955)
  • Head of Government:
    • vacant (1952–15 June 1953)
    • Prime Minister Matrika Prasad Koirala ( 1951–1952 , June 15, 1953–1955)

• Pakistan
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1952–1956)
    • Governor General : Ghulam Muhammad (1951–1955)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin (1951– April 17, 1953) (1948–1951 Governor General)
    • Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra (April 17, 1953–1955)

• Philippines
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Elpidio Quirino (1948–30 December 1953)
    • President Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953–1957)

• Sikkim (under Indian suzerainty)
  • Head of State: King Tashi Namgyal (1914–1963)
  • Head of Government: Dewan John S. Lall (1949–1954)

• Thailand
  • Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram ( 1938–1944 , 1948–1957)

• North Vietnam
  • Head of State: President Hồ Chí Minh (1945–1969) (1945–1955 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hồ Chí Minh (1945–1955) (1945–1969 President)

• South Vietnam
  • Head of State: President Bảo Đại (1949–1955) (1926–1945 Emperor of Vietnam)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Nguyễn Văn Tâm (1952–17 December 1953)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Nureddin Mahmud (1952–29 January 1953)
    • Prime Minister Jamil al-Midfai ( 1933–1934, 1935, 1937–1938, 1941 , January 29, 1953– September 17, 1953)
    • Prime Minister Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali (September 17, 1953–1954)

• Iran
  • Head of State: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh ( 1951–1952 , 1952–19 August 1953)
    • Prime Minister Fazlollah Zahedi (August 19, 1953–1955)

• Israel
  • Head of State: President Jizchak Ben Zwi (1952–1963)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion (1948–7 December 1953, 1955–1963 )
    • Prime Minister Moshe Sharet (December 7, 1953–1955)

• Yemen
  • Ruler: King Ahmad ibn Yahya (1948–1955, 1955–1962 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hassan ibn Yahya (1948–1955)

• Jordan
  • Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
    • Regent: Regency Council (1952–2 May 1953)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Tawfiq Abu l-Huda ( 1938–1944, 1947–1950 , 1951–5 May 1953, 1954–1955 )
    • Prime Minister Fawzi al-Mulki (May 5, 1953–1954)

• Lebanon
  • Head of State: President Camille Chamoun (1952–1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Chalid Schihab ( 1938 , 1952–1 May 1953)
    • Prime Minister Saeb Salam ( 1952 , May 1, 1953– August 16, 1953, 1960–1961, 1970–1973 )
    • Prime Minister Abdullah Aref al-Yafi ( 1938–1939, 1951–1952 , August 16, 1953–1954, 1956, 1966, 1968–1969 )

• Oman (British Protectorate 1891–1971)
  • Ruler: Sultan Said ibn Taimur (1932–1970)

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–9 November 1953)
    • King Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz (November 9, 1953–1964)

• Syria
  • Head of State:
    • President Fawzi Selu (1951–1953) (1951–1953 Prime Minister)
    • President Adib asch-Shishakli ( 1951 , July 11, 1953–1954) (1953–1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Fawzi Selu (1951–19 July 1953) (1951–1953 President)
    • Prime Minister Adib asch-Shishakli (July 19, 1953–1954) (1951, 19536–1954 President)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Celâl Bayar (1950–1960) (Prime Minister 1937–1939)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Adnan Menderes (1950–1960)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (1946–7 September 1953)
    • Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan (September 7, 1953–1963) (1973–1978 President)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State:
    • Chairman of the Great People's Choral Gontschigiin Bumtsend (1940-23 September 1953)
    • Chairwoman of the Great People's Chural Süchbaataryn Jandschmaa (September 23, 1953–1954) (acting)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal (1952–1974) (1974–1984 Chairman of the Great People's Churals)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General :
      • William McKell (1947– May 8, 1953)
      • William Slim (May 8, 1953-1960)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Menzies ( 1939–1941 , 1949–1966)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General : Charles Norrie (1952–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sidney Holland (1949–1957)

Europe

• Albania
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Albanian Workers' Party Enver Hoxha (1948–1985) (from 1954 1st Secretary) (1946–1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly (1946–1 August 1953)
    • Chairman of the Presidium of the Haxhi Lleshi People's Assembly (August 1, 1953–1982)
  • Head of government: Prime Minister Enver Hoxha (1946–1954) (1941–1985 party leader)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1943–1969)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Baudouin I (1951–1993)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean Van Houtte (1952–1954)

• Bulgaria
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Walko Chervenkov (1949–1954) (Prime Minister 1950–1956)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly Georgi Damyanov (1950–1958)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Wulko Chervenkov (1950–1956) (1950–1954 party leader)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Friedrich IX. (1947–1972)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Erik Eriksen (1950–30 September 1953)
    • Prime Minister Hans Hedtoft ( 1947–1950 , September 30, 1953–1955)
  • Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
    • Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Cai A. Vagn-Hansen (1948–1954)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kristian Djurhuus (1950–1959, 1968–1970 )

• Federal Republic of Germany (1949–1955 under occupation law)
  • Head of State: Federal President Theodor Heuss (1949–1959)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer (1949–1963)

• German Democratic Republic
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED Walter Ulbricht (1950–1971) (1960–1973 Chairman of the State Council)
  • Head of State: President Wilhelm Pieck (1949–1960) (1946–1950 party leader)
  • Head of government: Prime Minister Otto Grotewohl (1949–1964) (1946–1950 party leader)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1946–1956)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Urho Kekkonen (1950–17 November 1953, 1954–1956 ) (1956–1982 President)
    • Prime Minister Sakari Tuomioja (November 17, 1953–1954)

• France
  • • President Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Antoine Pinay (1952–8 January 1953)
    • President of the Council of Ministers René Mayer (January 8 - June 28, 1953)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Joseph Laniel (June 28, 1953–1954)

• Greece
  • Head of State: King Paul (1947–1964)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Alexandros Papagos (1952–1955)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: President Seán Ó Ceallaigh (1945–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Éamon de Valera ( 1932–1948 , 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)

• Iceland
  • Head of State: President Ásgeir Ásgeirsson (1952–1968) (Prime Minister 1932–1934)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Steingrímur Steinþórsson (1950–11 September 1953)
    • Prime Minister Ólafur Thors ( 1942, 1944–1947, 1949–1950 , September 11, 1953–1956, 1959–1963 )

• Italy
  • Head of State: President Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi (1945–17 August 1953)
    • Prime Minister Giuseppe Pella (August 17, 1953–1954)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State:
    • President Ivan Ribar (1945– January 14, 1953)
    • President Josip Broz Tito (January 14, 1953–1980) (Prime Minister 1945–1963)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito (1945–1963) (1953–1980 President)

• Channel Islands
  • guernsey
    • Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
      • Deputy Governor:
        • Philip Neame (1945–1953)
        • Thomas Elmhirst (1953-1958)
  • jersey
    • Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
      • Deputy Governor:
        • Arthur Edward Grassett (1945–1953)
        • Gresham Nicholson (1953-1958)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
  • Head of Government : Alexander Frick (1945–1962)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in British exile)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Pierre Dupong (1937–23 December 1953)
    • Prime Minister Joseph Bech ( 1926–1937 , December 29, 1953–1958)

• Isle of Man
  • Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Lieutenant Governor : Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas (1952–1959)

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Rainier III. (1949-2005)
  • Head of Government:
    • Minister of State Pierre Voizard (1950–2 September 1953)
    • Secretary of State Henry Soum (November 15, 1953–1959)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Juliana (1948–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Willem Drees (1948–1958)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1905–1957) (1940–1945 in British exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Oscar Torp (1951–1955)

• Austria (1945–1955 under occupation law)
  • Head of State: Federal President Theodor Körner (1951–1957)
  • Head of Government:
    • Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl (1945–25 February 1953)
    • Federal Chancellor Julius Raab (April 2, 1953–1961)

• Poland
  • Party leader: General Secretary Bolesław Bierut (1948–1956) (1944–1947 President of the National Council, 1947–1952 President, 1952–1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Aleksander Zawadzki (1952–1964)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Bolesław Bierut (November 20, 1952–1954) (1948–1956 party leader) (1944–1947 President of the National Council, 1974–1952 President)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Francisco Craveiro Lopes (1951–1958)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Party leader: General Secretary Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1945–1954, 1955–1965 ) (1952–1954 Prime Minister) (1961–1965 Head of State)
  • Head of State: President of the Presidium of the National Assembly Petru Groza (1952–1958) (1945–1952 Prime Minister)
  • Head of government: Prime Minister Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1952–1955) (1945–1954, 1955–1965 party leader) (1961–1965 head of state)

• San Marino
  • Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
    • Arnaldo Para ( 1948 , October 1, 1952– April 1, 1953) and Eugenio Bernardini (October 1, 1952– April 1, 1953, 1956–1957 )
    • Vincenzo Pedini ( 1946, 1949–1950 , April 1, 1953– October 1, 1953) and Alberto Reffi (April 1, 1953– October 1, 1953)
    • Giordano Giacomini ( 1948–1949 , October 1, 1953– April 1, 1954, 1957 ) and Giuseppe Renzi ( 1948 , October 1, 1953– April 1, 1954)

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav VI. Adolf (1950–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Tage Erlander (1946–1969)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Philipp Etter ( 1939, 1942, 1947 , 1953)
  • Federal Council :
    • Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
    • Karl Kobelt (1941–1954)
    • Max Petitpierre (1945–1961)
    • Rodolphe Rubattel (1948–1954)
    • Josef Escher (1950–1954)
    • Markus Feldmann (1952-1958)
    • Max Weber (1952-1954)

• Soviet Union
  • Party leader:
    • General Secretary of the CPSU Josef Stalin (1922–1953)
    • General Secretary of the CPSU Georgi Malenkov (March 6, 1953– March 15, 1953)
    • First Secretary of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev (March 15, 1953–1964) (1958–1964 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
  • Head of State:
    • Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Schwernik (1946–15 March 1953)
    • Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Kliment Voroshilov (March 15, 1953–1960)
  • Head of Government:
    • Chairman of the Council of Ministers Josef Stalin (1941–5 March 1953)
    • Chairman of the Council of Ministers Georgi Malenkov (March 5, 1953–1955)

• Spain
  • Head of State and Government: Caudillo Francisco Franco (1939–1975)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Party leader:
    • Chairman Klement Gottwald (1929-14 March 1953)
    • Chairman Antonín Novotný (March 14, 1953–1968) (President 1957–1968)
  • Head of State:
    • President Klement Gottwald (1948-14 March 1953)
    • President Antonín Zápotocký (March 14, 1953–1957) (Prime Minister 1948–1953)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Antonín Zápotocký (1948–21 March 1953) (1953–1957 President)
    • Prime Minister Viliam Široký (March 21, 1953–1963)

• Hungary
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party Mátyás Rákosi (1945–1956) (1946, 1947, 1952–1953 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council István Dobi (1952–1967) (1948–1952 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mátyás Rákosi ( 1946, 1947 , 1952–4 July 1953) (1945–1956 party leader)
    • Prime Minister Imre Nagy (July 4, 1953–1955, 1956 )

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Winston Churchill ( 1940–1945 , 1951–1955)

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b} The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
2. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares