List of Heads of State 1956

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | List of Heads of State 1956  | 1957  | 1958  | 1959  | 1960  | ►  | ►►
Other events

Africa

• Egypt
  • Head of State: President Gamal Abdel Nasser ( 1954 , 1954–1970) (until 1956 Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council) (1954, 1954–1958 Head of Government)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Gamal Abdel Nasser ( 1954 , 1954–1958) (1954, 1954–1970 Head of State)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Makonnen Endelkachew (1943–1957)

• Liberia
  • Head of State or Government: President William S. Tubman (1944–1971)

• Libya
  • Head of State: King Idris (1951–1969)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa bin Halim (1954–1957)

• Morocco (March 2, 1956 end of the French protectorate; April 7, 1956 end of the Spanish protectorate)
  • Head of State: Sultan Mohammed V ( 1927–1953 , 1955–1961) (from 1957 king)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mubarek Bekkai (1955–1958)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1952–1961)
    • Governor General : Ernest George Jansen (1951–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom (1954–1958)

• Sudan (independent since January 1, 1956)
  • Sovereignty Council : Abdel Fattah Muhammad al-Maghrabi , Muhammad Ahmad Yasin , Ahmad Muhammad Salih , Muhammad Othman al-Dardiri , Siricio Iro Wani (January 1, 1956–1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari (1954–5 July 1956)
    • Prime Minister Abdullah Chalil (July 5, 1956–1958)

• Tunisia (independent since March 20, 1956)
  • Head of State: Bey Lamine Bey (1943–1957)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Tahar ben Ammar (1954–11 April 1956)
    • Prime Minister Habib Bourguiba (April 11, 1956–1957) (President 1957–1987)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General : Vincent Massey (1952–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Louis Saint-Laurent (1948–1957)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1952–1958)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President José Figueres Ferrer ( 1948–1949 , 1953–1958, 1970–1974 )

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Hector Bienvenido Trujillo Molina (1952–1960)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Óscar Osorio (1950–14 September 1956)
    • President José María Lemus López (September 14, 1956–1960)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Carlos Castillo Armas (1954–1957)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Paul Eugène Magloire (1950–12 December 1956)
    • President Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (December 12, 1956–1957) (Acting)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Supreme Head of State Julio Lozano Díaz (1954–21 November 1956)
    • Military Councilor
      • Héctor Caraccioli (November 21, 1956–1957)
      • Roque J. Rodríguez (November 21, 1956–1957)
      • Roberto Gálvez Barnes (November 21, 1956–1957)

• Cuba
  • Head of State: President Fulgencio Batista (1952–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jorge García Montes (1955–1957)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Anastasio Somoza García ( 1937–1947 , 1950–29 September 1956)
    • President Luís Somoza Debayle (September 29, 1956–1963)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government:
  • President Ricardo Manuel Arias Espinoza (1955–1956)
  • President Ernesto de la Guardia Navarro (October 1, 1956–1960)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (1955–1958) (acting)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1952– August 6, 1956, 1960–1964, 1985–1989 )
    • President Hernán Siles Zuazo ( 1952 , Aug. 6, 1956–1960, 1982–1985 )

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President João Café Filho (1954–31 January 1956)
    • Vice President of the Senate Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (1955–31 January 1956) (acting)
    • President Juscelino Kubitschek (January 31, 1956–1961)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo ( 1927–1931 , 1952–1958)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President José María Velasco Ibarra ( 1934–1935, 1944–1947 , 1952–1 September 1956, 1960–1961, 1968–1972 )
    • President Camilo Ponce Enríquez (September 1, 1956–1960)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (1953–1957)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989)

• Peru
  • Head of State:
    • President Manuel A. Odría ( 1949–1950 , 1950–28 July 1956)
    • President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche ( 1939–1945 , July 28, 1956–1962)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat ( 1947–1948 , 1954–28 July 1956)
    • Prime Minister Manuel Cisneros Sánchez ( 1944–1945 , July 28, 1956–1958)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Chairman of the Mationalrat Andrés Martínez Trueba (1951–1 March 1956) (until 1952 President)
    • Chairman of the Mationalrat Alberto Fermín Zubiría (March 1, 1956–1957)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1952–1958) (provisional until 1953)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Head of State: King Jigme Dorje Wangchuck (1952–1972)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jigme Palden Dorji (1952–1964)

• Burma (from 1989 Myanmar )
  • Head of State: President Ba U (1952–1957)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister U Nu (1948–12 June 1956, 1957–1958, 1960–1962 )
    • Prime Minister Ba Swe (June 12, 1956–1957)

• Ceylon (from 1972 Sri Lanka )
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1952–1972)
    • Governor General : Oliver Goonetilleke (1954–1962)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister John Lionel Kotalawela (1953-12 April 1956)
    • Prime Minister SWRD Bandaranaike (April 12, 1956–1959)

• Republic of China (Taiwan)
  • Head of State: President Chiang Kai-shek (1950–1975) (1928–1931, 1943–1948 Chairman of the National Government of China, 1948–1949 President of National China; 1930–1931, 1935–1938, 1939–1945, 1947 Prime Minister of National China)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Yu Hung-Chun (1954–1958)

• People's Republic of China
  • Party leader: Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong (1943–1976) (1949–1954 Chairman of the Central People's Government; 1954–1959 President)
  • Head of State: President Mao Zedong (1949–1959) (until 1954 chairman of the central people's government) (1942–1976 party leader)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhou Enlai (1949–1976)

• India
  • Head of State: President Rajendra Prasad (1950–1962)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)

• Indonesia
  • Head of State: President Sukarno (1945–1967)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Burhanuddin Harahap (1955–20 March 1956)
    • Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo ( 1953–1955 , March 20, 1956–1957)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989) (1921–1926 regent)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama (1954–23 December 1956)
    • Prime Minister Tanzan Ishibashi (December 23, 1956–1957)

• Cambodia
  • Head of State: King Norodom Suramarit (1955–1960)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Norodom Sihanouk ( 1945, 1950, 1952–1953, 1954 , 1955–4 January 1956, 1956, 1956, 1957, 1958–1960, 1961–1962 ) (1941–1955, 1993–2004 König) (1991–1993 Chairman of the Supreme National Council)
    • Prime Minister Oum Chheang Sun ( 1951 , January 4, 1956– March 1, 1956)
    • Prime Minister Norodom Sihanouk ( 1945, 1950, 1952–1953, 1954, 1955–1956 , March 1, 1956– April 3, 1956, 1956, 1957, 1958–1960, 1961–1962 )
    • Prime Minister Khim Tit (April 3, 1956– September 15, 1956)
    • Prime Minister Norodom Sihanouk ( 1945, 1950, 1952–1953, 1954, 1955–1956, 1956 , September 15, 1956– October 25, 1956, 1957, 1958–1960, 1961–1962 ) (1941–1955, 1993–2004 King) (1991–1993 Chairman of the Supreme National Council)
    • Prime Minister San Yun (October 25, 1956–1957)

• North Korea
  • De facto ruler : Kim Il-sung (1948–1994)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Du-bong (1948–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Il-sung (1948–1972)

• South Korea
  • Head of State and Government: President Rhee Syng-man (1948–1960)

• Laos
  • Head of State: King Sisavang Vong ( 1945 , 1946–1959) (1904–1945 King of Luang Prabang)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Katāy Dōn Sasōrit (1954–21 March 1956)
    • Prime Minister Suvanna Phūmā ( 1951–1954 , March 21, 1956–1958, 1960, 1962–1975 )

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Mahendra (1955–1972)
  • Head of Government:
    • vacant (1955– January 27, 1956)
    • Prime Minister Tanka Prasad Acharya (January 27, 1956–1957)

• Pakistan (republic since March 23, 1956)
  • Head of State:
    • Queen Elizabeth II (1952-23 March 1956)
      • Governor General : Iskander Mirza (1955–23 March 1956) (1956–1958 President)
    • President Iskander Mirza (March 23, 1956–1958) (1955–1956 Governor General)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (1955–12 September 1956)
    • Prime Minister Husein Shahid Suhrawardy (September 12, 1956–1957)

• Philippines
  • Head of State and Government: President Ramon Magsaysay (1953–1957)

• Sikkim (under Indian suzerainty)
  • Head of State: King Tashi Namgyal (1914–1963)
  • Head of Government: Dewan Nari Kaikhosru Rustomji (1954–1959)

• Thailand
  • Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram ( 1938–1944 , 1948–1957)

• North Vietnam
  • Head of State: President Hồ Chí Minh (1945–1969) (1945–1955 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Phạm Văn Đồng (1955–1976) (1976–1987 Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam)

• South Vietnam
  • Head of State and Government: President Ngô Đình Diệm (1955–1963) (1954–1955 Prime Minister)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Nuri as-Said ( 1930–1932, 1938–1940, 1941–1944, 1946–1947, 1949, 1950–1952 , 1954–1957, 1958 )

• Iran
  • Head of State: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hossein Ala ( 1951 , 1955–1957)

• Israel
  • Head of State: President Jizchak Ben Zwi (1952–1963)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion ( 1948–1953 , 1955–1963)

• Yemen
  • Ruler: King Ahmad ibn Yahya ( 1948–1955 , 1955–1962)

• Jordan
  • Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ibrahim Hashem ( 1933–1938, 1945–1947 , 1955–9 January 1956, 1956, 1957–1958 )
    • Prime Minister Samir ar-Rifaʿi ( 1944–1945, 1947, 1950–1951 , January 9, 1956– May 22, 1956, 1958–1959, 1963 )
    • Prime Minister Saʿid al-Mufti ( 1950, 1955 , May 2, 1956– June 1, 1956)
    • Prime Minister Ibrahim Hashem ( 1933–1938, 1945–1947, 1955–1956 , July 1, 1956– October 29, 1956, 1957–1958 )
    • Prime Minister Sulaimān an-Nābulusī (October 29, 1956–1957)

• Lebanon
  • Head of State: President Camille Chamoun (1952–1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Rashid Karami (1955–20 March 1956, 1958–1960, 1961–1964, 1965–1966, 1966–1968, 1969–1970, 1975–1976, 1984–1987 )
    • Prime Minister Abdullah Aref al-Yafi ( 1938–1939, 1951–1952, 1953–1954 , March 20, 1956– November 18, 1956, 1968–1969 )
    • Prime Minister Sami as-Solh ( 1942–1943, 1945–1946, 1952, 1954–1955 , November 18, 1956–1958)

• Oman (British Protectorate 1891–1971)
  • Ruler: Sultan Said ibn Taimur (1932–1970)

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of State and Government: King Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz (1953–1964)

• Syria
  • Head of State: President Schukri al-Quwatli ( 1943–1946 , 1955–1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Said al-Ghazzi ( 1954 , 1955–14 June 1956)
    • Prime Minister Sabri al-Assali ( 1954, 1955–1955 , June 14, 1956–1958)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Celâl Bayar (1950–1960) (Prime Minister 1937–1939)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Adnan Menderes (1950–1960)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan (1953–1963) (1973–1978 President)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Great People's Chural Jamsrangiin Sambuu (1954–1972)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal (1952–1974) (1974–1984 Chairman of the Great People's Churals)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General : William Slim (1953-1960)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Menzies ( 1939–1941 , 1949–1966)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General : Charles Norrie (1952–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sidney Holland (1949–1957)

Europe

• Albania
  • Party leader: 1st Secretary of the Albanian Workers' Party Enver Hoxha (1948–1985) (1946–1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Haxhi Lleshi (1953–1982)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu (1954–1981)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : René Coty (1954–1959)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1943–1969)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Baudouin I (1951–1993)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Achille Van Acker ( 1945–1946, 1946 , 1954–1958)

• Bulgaria
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Todor Zhivkow (1954–1989) (1971–1989 Chairman of the State Council) (1962–1971 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly Georgi Damyanov (1950–1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Chairman of the Council of Ministers Wulko Chervenkov (1950–18 April 1956) (1950–1954 party leader)
    • Chairman of the Council of Ministers Anton Jugow (April 18, 1956–1962)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Friedrich IX. (1947–1972)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hans Christian Svane Hansen (1955–1960)
  • Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
    • Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsman Niels Elkær-Hansen (1954–1961)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kristian Djurhuus (1950–1959, 1968–1970 )

• Federal Republic of Germany
  • Head of State: Federal President Theodor Heuss (1949–1959)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer (1949–1963)

• German Democratic Republic
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED Walter Ulbricht (1950–1971) (1960–1973 Chairman of the State Council)
  • Head of State: President Wilhelm Pieck (1949–1960) (1946–1950 party leader)
  • Head of government: Prime Minister Otto Grotewohl (1949–1964) (1946–1950 party leader)

• Finland
  • Head of State:
    • President Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1946– March 1, 1956)
    • President Urho Kekkonen (March 1, 1956–1982) (1950–1953, Prime Minister 1954–1956)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Urho Kekkonen ( 1950–1953 , 1954–3 March 1956) (1956–1982 President)
    • Prime Minister Karl-August Fagerholm ( 1948–1950 , March 3, 1956–1957, 1958–1959 )

• France
  • • President René Coty (1954–1959)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Edgar Faure ( 1952 , 1955–1 February 1956)
    • Guy Mollet, President of the Council of Ministers (February 1, 1956–1957)

• Greece
  • Head of State: King Paul (1947–1964)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis (1955–1958, 1958–1961, 1961–1963, 1974–1980 ) (1980–1985, 1990–1995 President)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: President Seán Ó Ceallaigh (1945–1959)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister John A. Costello ( 1948–1951 , 1954–1957)

• Iceland
  • Head of State: President Ásgeir Ásgeirsson (1952–1968) (Prime Minister 1932–1934)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ólafur Thors ( 1942, 1944–1947, 1949–1950 , 1953–24 July 1956, 1959–1963 )
    • Prime Minister Hermann Jónasson ( 1934–1942 , July 24, 1956–1958)

• Italy
  • Head of State: President Giovanni Gronchi (1955–1962)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Antonio Segni (1955–1957, 1959–1960 ) (1962–1964 President)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State: President Josip Broz Tito (1953–1980) (1945–1963 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito (1945–1963) (1953–1980 President)

• Channel Islands
  • guernsey
    • Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
      • Vice Governor: Thomas Elmhirst (1953–1958)
  • jersey
    • Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
      • Lieutenant Governor: Gresham Nicholson (1953-1958)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
  • Head of Government : Alexander Frick (1945–1962)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in British exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Bech ( 1926–1937 , 1953–1958)

• Isle of Man
  • Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Lieutenant Governor : Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas (1952–1959)

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Rainier III. (1949-2005)
  • Head of Government: Henry Soum (1953–1959)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Juliana (1948–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Willem Drees (1948–1958)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1905–1957) (1940–1945 in British exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen ( 1945–1951 , 1955–1963, 1963–1965 )

• Austria
  • Head of State: Federal President Theodor Körner (1951–1957)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Julius Raab (1953–1961)

• Poland
  • Party leader:
    • 1. Secretary Bolesław Bierut (1948–12 March 1956) (1944–1947 President of the National Council, 1947–1952 President, 1952–1954 Prime Minister)
    • 1st Secretary Edward Ochab (March 20, 1956– October 21, 1962) (Chairman of the Council of State 1964–1968)
    • 1st Secretary Władysław Gomułka ( 1943–1948 , October 21, 1956–1970)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Aleksander Zawadzki (1952–1964)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz ( 1947–1952 , 1954–1970) (1970–1972 Chairman of the State Council)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Francisco Craveiro Lopes (1951–1958)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Party leader: General Secretary Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej ( 1945–1954 , 1955–1965) (1952–1954 Prime Minister) (1961–1965 Head of State)
  • Head of State: President of the Presidium of the National Assembly Petru Groza (1952–1958) (1945–1952 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Chivu Stoica (1955–1961) (1965–1967 Head of State)

• San Marino
  • Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
    • Primo Bugli ( 1949 , October 1, 1955– April 1, 1956, 1973, 1976–1977 ) and Giuseppe Maiani (October 1, 1955– April 1, 1956, 1982 )
    • Mario Nanni (April 1 – October 1, 1956) and Enrico Andreoli (April 1 – October 1, 1956, 1974–1975, 1978 )
    • Mariano Ceccoli ( 1947–1948, 1952 , October 1, 1956– April 1, 1957) and Eugenio Bernardini ( 1952–1953 , October 1, 1956– April 1, 1957)

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav VI. Adolf (1950–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Tage Erlander (1946–1969)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Markus Feldmann (1956)
  • Federal Council :
    • Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
    • Max Petitpierre (1945–1961)
    • Markus Feldmann (1952-1958)
    • Hans Streuli (1954-1959)
    • Thomas Holenstein (1955–1959)
    • Giuseppe Lepori (1955-1959)
    • Paul Chaudet (1955–1966)

• Soviet Union
  • Party leader: First Secretary of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev (1953–1964) (1958–1964 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Kliment Voroshilov (1953–1960)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Bulganin (1955–1958)

• Spain
  • Head of State and Government: Caudillo Francisco Franco (1939–1975)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Party leader: Chairman Antonín Novotný (1953–1968) (1957–1968 President)
  • Head of State: President Antonín Zápotocký (1953–1957) (Prime Minister 1948–1953)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Viliam Široký (1953–1963)

• Hungary
  • Party leader:
    • General Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party Mátyás Rákosi (1945–25 October 1956) (1946, 1947, 1952–1953 Prime Minister)
    • General Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party János Kádár (October 25, 1956–1988) (1956–1958, Prime Minister 1961–1965)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council István Dobi (1952–1967) (1948–1952 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister András Hegedüs (1955–24 October 1956)
    • Prime Minister Imre Nagy ( 1953–1955 , October 24, 1956– November 4, 1956)
    • Prime Minister János Kádár (November 4, 1956–1958, 1961–1965 ) (1956–1988 party leader)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Anthony Eden (1955–1957)

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b} The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
2. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares