List of Heads of State 1941
Overview
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Africa
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Egypt
- Head of State: King Faruq (1936–1952)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pascha (1940–1942, 1949–1950, 1952 )
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Ethiopia (occupied by Italy 1936–1941)
- Head of State and Government: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–5 May 1941 in exile)
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Liberia
- Head of State and Government: President Edwin Barclay (1930–1944)
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South Africa
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General : Patrick Duncan (1937–1943)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Smuts ( 1919–1924 , 1939–1948)
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
America
North America
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Canada
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General : Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1940–1946) (1924–1931 Governor General of South Africa)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King ( 1921–1926, 1926–1930 , 1935–1948)
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
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Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940–1946)
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United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)
Central America
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Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (1940–1944)
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Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel de Jesus Troncoso de la Concha (1940–1942)
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El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez ( 1931–1934 , 1935–1944)
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Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Jorge Ubico Castañeda (1931–1944)
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Haiti
- Head of State and Government:
- President Sténio Vincent (1930–15 May 1941)
- President Élie Lescot (May 15, 1941–1946)
- Head of State and Government:
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Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)
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Cuba
- Head of State: President Fulgencio Batista (1940–1944, 1952–1959 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Saladrigas y Zayas (1940–1942)
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Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Anastasio Somoza García (1937–1947, 1950–1956 )
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Panama
- Head of State and Government:
- President Arnulfo Arias Madrid (1940–9 October 1941, 1949–1951, 1968 )
- President Ernesto Jaén Guardia (October 9, 1941)
- President Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango (October 9, 1941–1945)
- Head of State and Government:
South America
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Argentina
- Head of State and Government:
- President Roberto María Ortiz (1938–1942)
- President Ramón Castillo (1940–1943) (acting until 1942)
- Head of State and Government:
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Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo (1940–1943)
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Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945, 1951–1954 )
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Chile
- Head of State and Government:
- President Pedro Aguirre Cerda (1938– November 25, 1941)
- President Jerónimo Méndez (November 25, 1941–1942) (acting)
- Head of State and Government:
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Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río ( 1939 , 1940–1944)
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Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Eduardo Santos (1938–1942)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Higinio Morínigo (1940–1948) (provisional until 1943)
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Peru
- Head of State: President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche (1939–1945, 1956–1962 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Alfredo Solf y Muro (1939–1944)
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Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Baldomir (1938–1943)
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Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
- President Eleazar López Contreras ( 1935–1936 , 1936–5 May 1941) (provisional from April 19, 1941)
- President Isaías Medina Angarita (May 5, 1941–1945)
- Head of State and Government:
Asia
East, South and Southeast Asia
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Bhutan
- Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)
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China
- Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Lin Sen (1931–1943)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Executive Yuan Chiang Kai-shek (1939–1945)
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British India
- Emperor : George VI. (1936–1947)
- Viceroy : Victor Alexander John Hope (1936–1943)
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Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Prince Konoe Fumimaro (1940–18 October 1941)
- Prime Minister Tōjō Hideki (October 18, 1941–1944)
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Manchukuo (controversial)
- Head of State: Emperor Puyi (1932–1945)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhang Jinghui (1935–1945)
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Nepal
- Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1932–1945)
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Siam (today: Thailand)
- Head of State: King Ananda Mahidol (1935–1946)
- Head of Government: Field Marshal Phibul Songkhram (1938–1944)
Middle East
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Iraq
- Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Raschid Ali al-Gailani (1940–31 January 1941)
- Prime Minister Taha al-Hashimi (February 1 - April 1, 1941)
- Prime Minister Rashid Ali al-Gailani (April 3 - May 29, 1941)
- Prime Minister Jamil al-Midfai (June 2 - October 10, 1941)
- Prime Minister Nuri as-Said (October 10, 1941–1944)
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Yemen
- Ruler: King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)
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Persia (today: Iran)
- Head of State:
- Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925-1941)
- Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Foroughi (August 27, 1941–1942)
- Head of State:
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Saudi Arabia
- Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)
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Transjordan (today: Jordan )
- Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)
Central Asia
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Afghanistan
- Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (1929–1946)
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Mongolia
- Head of State: Chairman of the Great State Chural Gontschigiin Bumtsend (July 6, 1940–1953)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (1939–1952)
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Tibet (controversial)
- Ruler: Dalai Lama Tendzin Gyatsho (1935–1951)
Australia and Oceania
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Australia
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General: Earl Alexander Hore-Ruthven (1936–1945)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Robert Menzies (1939-28 August 1941)
- Prime Minister Arthur Fadden (August 28 - October 7, 1941)
- Prime Minister John Curtin (October 7, 1941–1945)
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New Zealand
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General:
- Viscount George Monckton-Arundell (1935–3 February 1941)
- Marshal Baron Cyril Newall (February 22, 1941-1946)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Fraser (1940–1949)
Europe
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Albania (occupied by Italy 1939–1943)
- Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1939–1943) (1936–1941 Emperor of Ethiopia, 1900–1946 King of Italy)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Shefqet Vërlaci ( 1924 , 1939–4 December 1941)
- Prime Minister Mustafa Kruja (December 4, 1941–1943)
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- President of France : Henri Philippe Pétain (1940–1944)
- Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1940–1969)
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Co-princes :
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Belgium (occupied by Germany 1940–1944)
- Military governor: Alexander von Falkenhausen (1940–1944)
- Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot (1939–1945) (1940–1944 in exile)
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Bulgaria
- Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bogdan Filow (1940–1943)
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Denmark (occupied by Germany 1940–1945)
- Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ( 1924–1926 , 1929–1942)
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German Empire
- Head of State and Government: "Führer and Reich Chancellor" Adolf Hitler (1933–1945)
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Finland
- Head of State: President Risto Ryti (1940–1944) (Prime Minister 1939–1940)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Rudolf Walden (1940–3 January 1941) (acting)
- Prime Minister Johan Wilhelm Rangell (January 3, 1941–1943)
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France (occupied by Germany 1940-1944; government controlled by the so-called Vichy regime in the east and south of Germany)
- Head of State: Head of State Philippe Pétain (1940–1944) (1940–1942 President of the Council of Ministers)
- Head of Government: President of the Council of Ministers Philippe Pétain (1940–1942) (1940–1944 Head of State)
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Greece (occupied April 6, 1941-1944 by Germany and (until 1943) Italy)
- Head of State: King George II ( 1922–1924 , 1935–1947) (1941–1946 in exile)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas (1936–19 January 1941)
- Prime Minister Alexandros Koryzis (January 29, 1941– April 28, 1941)
- Prime Minister Emmanouil Tsouderos (April 21, 1941–1944) (in exile from May 23, 1941)
- Prime Minister Georgios Tsolakoglou (April 29, 1941–1942) (government under the control of the Axis Powers)
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Ireland
- Head of State: President Douglas Hyde (1938–1945)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)
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Italy
- Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
- Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)
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Yugoslavia (occupied by Germany from 1941 to 1945 and Italy (until 1943))
- Head of State: King Peter II (1934–1945) (1941–1945 in exile)
- Regent: Prince Paul (1934-27 March 1941)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dragiša Cvetković (1939–27 March 1941)
- Head of State: King Peter II (1934–1945) (1941–1945 in exile)
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Croatia (April 10, 1941–1945 under the sovereignty of Germany and (until 1943) Italy)
- Head of State: King Tomislav II (May 18, 1941–1943) (was never crowned)
- Head of government: "Führer" Ante Pavelić (April 12, 1941–1943) (1943–1945 head of state)
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Lithuania
- Head of State: President Antanas Smetona ( 1918–1920 , 1926–1940)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Antanas Merkys (1939–1940)
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Luxembourg (occupied by Germany 1940–1944)
- Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre Dupong (1937–1953) (1940–1945 in exile)
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CdZ area Luxembourg
- Head of Civil Administration Gustav Simon (1940–1944)
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Monaco
- Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Émile Roblot (1937–1944)
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Netherlands (occupied by Germany 1940–1945)
- Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1940–1945) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Reichskommissar Arthur Seyß-Inquart (1940–1945) (1938 Federal Chancellor of Austria)
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Norway (occupied by Germany from 1940 to 1945)
- Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold (1935–1945) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Reich Commissioner Josef Terboven (1940–1945)
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Portugal
- Head of State: President Óscar Carmona (1925–1951)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)
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Romania
- Head of State: King Michael I (1940–1947)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ion Antonescu (1940–1944)
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San Marino
- Federico Gozi ( 1935 , 1940–1 April 1941) and Salvatore Foschi ( 1935 , 1940–1 April 1941)
- Gino Gozi ( 1927, 1932–1933, 1936 , April 1, 1941– October 1, 1941) and Secondo Menicucci (April 1, 1941– October 1, 1941)
- Giuliano Gozi ( 1923, 1926–1927, 1932, 1937 , October 1, 1941–1942) and Giovanni Lonfernini ( 1934, 1937–1938 , October 1, 1941–1942)
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Sweden
- Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson (1936–1946)
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Switzerland
- Federal President : Ernst Wetter (1941)
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Federal Council :
- Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1929-1944)
- Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
- Ernst Wetter (1939–1943)
- Enrico Celio (1940–1950)
- Walther Stampfli (1940–1947)
- Karl Kobelt (January 1, 1941–1954)
- Eduard von Steiger (January 1, 1941–1951)
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Slovakia
- Head of State: Jozef Tiso (1939–1945)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vojtech Tuka (1939–1944)
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Soviet Union
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1922–1946)
- Head of Government:
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (1930–6 May 1941)
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Josef Stalin (May 6, 1941–1953)
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Spain
- Head of State and Government: General Francisco Franco (1939–1975)
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Turkey
- Head of State: President İsmet İnönü (1938–1950)
- Head of Government:?
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Hungary
- Head of State: Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Pál Teleki (1939–3 April 1941)
- Prime Minister László Bárdossy (April 3, 1941–1942)
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Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1940–1945)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares