List of Heads of State 1937

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | List of Heads of State 1937  | 1938  | 1939  | 1940  | 1941  | ►  | ►►
Other events

Africa

• Egypt
  • Head of State: King Faruq (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mustafa an-Nahhas Pascha ( 1982, 1930 , 1936–29 December 1937, 1942–1944, 1950–1952 )
    • Prime Minister Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha ( 1928–1929 , December 29, 1937–1939)

• Ethiopia (occupied by Italy 1936–1941)
  • Head of State and Government: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)

• Liberia
  • Head of State and Government: President Edwin Barclay (1930–1944)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
    • Governor General :
      • George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon (1931-19 March 1937)
      • John Stephen Curlewis (March 19, 1937– April 5, 1937) (acting)
      • Patrick Duncan (1937-5 April 1943)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister J.BM Hertzog (1924–1939)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
    • Governor General : John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1935–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King ( 1921–1926, 1926–1930 , 1935–1948)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (1934–1940)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President León Cortés Castro (1936–1940)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Rafael Trujillo (1930–1938, 1942–1952 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez ( 1931–1934 , 1935–1944)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Jorge Ubico Castañeda (1931–1944)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government: President Sténio Vincent (1930–1941)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)

• Cuba
  • Head of State and Government: President Federico Laredo Brú (1936–1940)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Carlos Alberto Brenes Jarquín (1936–1 January 1937) (acting)
    • President Anastasio Somoza García (January 1, 1937–1947, 1950–1956 )

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Demóstenes Arosemena Barreati (1936–1939)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Agustín Pedro Justo (1932–1938)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Chairman of the government junta David Toro (1936–13 July 1937)
    • Chairman of the government junta Germán Busch ( 1936 , July 13, 1937–1939) (President from 1938)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945, 1951–1954 )

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Arturo Alessandri ( 1920–1924, 1925 , 1932–1938)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Federico Páez (1935–23 October 1937) (until 10 August 1937 Supreme Head of State)
    • Supreme Head of State Alberto Enríquez Gallo (October 23, 1937–1938)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Alfonso López Pumarejo (1934–1938, 1942–1945 )

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Rafael Franco (1936–15 August 1937) (acting)
    • President Félix Paiva (August 16, 1937–1939) (provisional until 1938)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Oscar R. Benavides ( 1914–1915 , 1933–1939)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ernesto Montagne (1936–1939)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Gabriel Terra (1931–1938)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Eleazar López Contreras ( 1935–1936 , 1936–1941)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

• China
  • Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Lin Sen (1931–1943)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Executive Yuan Chiang Kai-shek (1935–1938)

• British India
  • Emperor : George VI. (1936–1947)
  • Viceroy : Victor Alexander John Hope (1936–1943)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Hirota Kōki (1936–2 February 1937)
    • Prime Minister Hayashi Senjūrō (February 2 - June 4, 1937)
    • Prime Minister Prince Konoe Fumimaro (June 4, 1937–1939)

• Manchukuo (controversial)
  • Head of State: Emperor Pu Yi (1932–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhang Jinghui (1935–1945)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1932–1945)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Head of State: King Ananda Mahidol (1935–1946)
  • Head of Government: General Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena (1933–1938)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Ghazi (1933–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Hikmat Sulayman (1936–12 August 1937)
    • Prime Minister Jamil al-Midfai (August 17, 1937–1938)

• Yemen
  • Ruler: King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)

• Persia (today: Iran)
  • Head of State: Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925–1941)
  • Head of Government:?

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)

• Transjordan (today: Jordan )
  • Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (1929–1946)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Great State Chural Dansranbilegiin Dogsom (1936–1939)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Anandyn Amar (1936–1939)

• Tibet (controversial)
  • Ruler: Dalai Lama Tendzin Gyatsho (1935–1951)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Earl Alexander Hore-Ruthven (1936–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Lyons (1932–1939)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Viscount George Monckton-Arundell (1935–1941)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage (1935–1940)

Europe

• Albania
  • Head of State: King Ahmet Zogu (1925–1939, 1943–1946 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kostaq Kota ( 1928–1930 , 1936–1939)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (1920–1940)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Paul van Zeeland (1935–24 November 1937)
    • Prime Minister Paul-Émile Janson (November 24, 1937–1938)

• Bulgaria
  • Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Georgi Kjosseiwanow (1935–1940)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ( 1924–1926 , 1929–1942)

• German Empire
  • Head of State and Government: "Führer and Reich Chancellor" Adolf Hitler (1933–1945)

• Estonia
  • Head of State: Elder Konstantin Päts ( 1921–1922, 1923–1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933 , 1933–1940) (1918–1919, 1934–1937 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantin Päts ( 1918–9119 , 1934–3 September 1937) (1921–1922, 1923–1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933, 1933–1940 State Elder)

• Finland
  • Head of State:
    • President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1931–1 March 1937) (1917–1918, 1930–1931 Prime Minister)
    • President Kyösti Kallio (March 1, 1937–1940) (Prime Minister 1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930, 1936–1937)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio ( 1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 , 1936–12 March 1937) (1937–1940 President)
    • Prime Minister Aimo Kaarlo Cajander ( 1922, 1924 , March 12, 1937–1939)

• France
  • Head of State: President Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Léon Blum (1936–22 June 1937, 1938, 1946–1947 )
    • President of the Council of Ministers Camille Chautemps ( 1930, 1933–1934 , June 22, 1937–1938)

• Greece
  • Head of State: King George II ( 1922–1924 , 1935–1947) (1941–1946 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas (1936–1941)

• Ireland
  • Head of State:
    • President of Parliament Frank Fahy (1936–29 December 1937) (acting)
    • Presidential Commission (December 29, 1937–1938) (Acting)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)

• Italy
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
  • Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State: King Peter II (1934–1945) (1941–1945 in exile)
    • Regent: Prince Paul (1934–1941)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Milan Stojadinović (1935–1939)

• Latvia
  • Head of State: President Kārlis Ulmanis (1936–1940) (1918–1919, 1919–1921, 1925–1926, 1931, 1934–1940 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis ( 1918–1919, 1919–1921, 1925–1926, 1931 , 1934–1940) (1936–1940 President)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz I (1929–1938)
  • Head of Government Josef Hoop (1928–1945)

• Lithuania
  • Head of State: President Antanas Smetona ( 1918–1920 , 1926–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Juozas Tūbelis (1929–1938)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government:
    • Minister of State Joseph Bech (1926–5 November 1937, 1953–1958 )
    • Minister of State Pierre Dupong (November 5, 1937–1953) (1940–1945 in exile)

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government:
    • Minister of State Maurice Bouillaux-Lafont (1932 – June 1937)
    • Minister of State Henri Mauran ( 1932 , June 1937 – August 1937)
    • Minister of State Émile Roblot (September 15, 1937–1944)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hendrikus Colijn ( 1925–1926 , 1933–1939)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold (1935–1945) (1940–1945 in exile)

• Austria
  • Head of State: Federal President Wilhelm Miklas (1928–1938)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg (1934–1938)

• Poland
  • Head of State: President Ignacy Mościcki (1926–1939)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski (1936–1939)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Óscar Carmona (1925–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Charles II (1930–1940)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Gheorghe Tătărescu (1934–28 December 1937)
    • Prime Minister Octavian Goga (December 28, 1937–1938)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Francesco Morri ( 1918–1919, 1924–1925, 1928–1929, 1933 , 1936–1 April 1937) and Gino Ceccoli ( 1930–1931 , 1936–1 April 1937)
    • Giuliano Gozi ( 1923, 1926–1927, 1932 , April 1, 1937– October 1, 1937, 1941–1942 ) and Settimio Belluzzi ( 1933 , April 1, 1937– October 1, 1937, 1942 )
    • Marino Rossi ( 1920, 1927–1928, 1934 , October 1, 1937–1938) and Giovanni Lonfernini ( 1934 , October 1, 1937–1938, 1941–1942 )

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson (1936–1946)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Giuseppe Motta ( 1915, 1920, 1927, 1932 , 1937)
  • Federal Council :
    • Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
    • Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1929-1944)
    • Albert Meyer (1930–1938)
    • Rudolf Minger (1930–1940)
    • Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
    • Johannes Baumann (1934–1940)
    • Hermann Obrecht (1935–1940)

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Kalinin (1922–1946)
  • Head of Government (nominal) : Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vyacheslav Molotov (1930–1941)
  • Head of Government (de facto) : General Secretary of the CPSU Josef Stalin (1922–1953)

• Spain ( civil war )
  • Spanish Republic
    • Head of State:
      • President Manuel Azaña (1936–1939)
    • Head of Government:
      • Prime Minister Francisco Largo Caballero (1936–17 May 1937)
      • Prime Minister Juan Negrín (May 17, 1937–1939)
  • Estado Español
    • Head of State:
      • Caudillo Francisco Franco (1936–1975)
    • Head of Government:
      • District President Fidel Dávila Arrondo (1936–3 June 1937)
      • District President Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa (June 3, 1937–1938)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Head of State: President Edvard Beneš (1935–1938, 1945–1948 ) (1921–1922 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Milan Hodža (1935–1938)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Kemal Ataturk (1923–1938)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister İsmet İnönü (1925–25 October 1937)
    • Prime Minister Celâl Bayar (October 25, 1937–1939)

• Hungary
  • Head of State: Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kálmán Darányi (1936–1938)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XI. (1929-1939)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin (1935– May 28, 1937)
    • Prime Minister Arthur Neville Chamberlain (May 28, 1937-1940)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares