List of Heads of State 1936

Overview
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Africa

• Egypt (1941-1936 British Protectorate)
  • Head of State:
    • King Fuad I (1917–28 April 1936) (until 1922 Sultan)
    • King Faruq (April 28, 1936–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha ( 1920–1921, 1922–1923 , 1934–30 January 1936)
    • Prime Minister Ali Maher Pascha (January 30, 1936– May 9, 1936, 1939–1940, 1952, 1952 )
    • Prime Minister Mustafa an-Nahhas Pascha ( 1982, 1930 , May 9, 1936–1937, 1942–1944, 1950–1952 )
  • British High Commissioner : Miles Lampson (1934-22 December 1936)

• Ethiopia (occupied by Italy 1936–1941)
  • Head of State and Government: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, May 2, 1936–1941 in exile)

• Liberia
  • Head of State and Government: President Edwin Barclay (1930–1944)

• South Africa
  • Head of State:
    • King George V (1910–20 January 1936)
    • King Edward VIII (January 20, 1936– December 11, 1936)
    • King George VI. (December 11, 1936–1952)
    • Governor General : George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon (1931–1937)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister J.BM Hertzog (1924–1939)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State:
    • King George V (1910–20 January 1936)
    • King Edward VIII (January 20, 1936– December 11, 1936)
    • King George VI. (December 11, 1936–1952)
    • Governor General : John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1935–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King ( 1921–1926, 1926–1930 , 1935–1948)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (1934–1940)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno ( 1910–1914, 1924–1928 , 1932– May 8, 1936)
    • President León Cortés Castro (May 8, 1936–1940)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Rafael Trujillo (1930–1938, 1942–1952 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez ( 1931–1934 , 1935–1944)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Jorge Ubico Castañeda (1931–1944)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government: President Sténio Vincent (1930–1941)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)

• Cuba
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President José Agripino Barnet (1935-20 May 1936)
    • President Miguel Mariano Gómez (May 20, 1936– December 24, 1936)
    • President Federico Laredo Brú (December 24, 1936–1940)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Juan Bautista Sacasa (1933– June 9, 1936)
    • President Julián Irías (June 6, 1936– June 9, 1936) (acting)
    • President Carlos Alberto Brenes Jarquín (June 9, 1936–1937) (acting)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Harmodio Arias Madrid (1932–1 October 1936)
    • President Juan Demóstenes Arosemena Barreati (October 1, 1936–1939)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Agustín Pedro Justo (1932–1938)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President José Luis Tejada Sorzano (1934– May 17, 1936)
    • Chairman of the government junta Germán Busch (May 17, 1936– May 20, 1936, 1937–1939 ) (acting)
    • Chairman of the government junta David Toro (May 20, 1936–1937)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945, 1951–1954 )

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Arturo Alessandri ( 1920–1924, 1925 , 1932–1938)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government: Supreme Head of State Federico Páez (1935–1937) (President from 1937)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Alfonso López Pumarejo (1934–1938, 1942–1945 )

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Eusebio Ayala ( 1923-1924, 1924-1928 , 1932-17 February 1936)
    • Federico Wenman Smith in Chief (February 17, 1936– February 20, 1936)
    • President Rafael Franco (February 20, 1936–1937) (Acting)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Oscar R. Benavides ( 1914–1915 , 1933–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Manuel Estéban Rodríguez (1935-13 April 1936)
    • Prime Minister Ernesto Montagne (December 8, 1936–1939)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Gabriel Terra (1931–1938)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Eleazar López Contreras (1935-19 April 1936, 1936-1941 )
    • President Arminio Borjas (April 19, 1936– April 29, 1936) (acting)
    • President Eleazar López Contreras ( 1935–1936 , April 29, 1936–1941)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: General Eleazar López Contreras (1935–1941)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

• China
  • Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Lin Sen (1931–1943)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Executive Yuan Chiang Kai-shek (1935–1938)

• British India
  • Emperor :
    • George V (1910-1936)
    • Edward VIII (until December 11th)
    • George VI. (1936–1947)
  • Viceroy :
    • Freeman Freeman-Thomas (1931-1936)
    • Victor Alexander John Hope (1936–1943)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Okada Keisuke (1934– March 9, 1936)
    • Prime Minister Hirota Kōki (March 9, 1936–1937)

• Manchukuo (controversial)
  • Head of State: Emperor Pu Yi (1932–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhang Jinghui (1935–1945)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1932–1945)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Head of State: King Ananda Mahidol (1935–1946)
  • Head of Government: General Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena (1933–1938)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Ghazi (1933–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Yasin al-Hashimi (1935–1936)
    • Prime Minister Hikmat Sulayman (October 30, 1936–1937)

• Yemen
  • Ruler: King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)

• Persia (today: Iran)
  • Head of State: Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925–1941)
  • Head of Government:?

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)

• Transjordan (today: Jordan )
  • Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (1929–1946)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State:
    • Chairman of the Great State of Chural Anandyn Amar (1932-22 March 1936)
    • Chairman of the Great State of Chural Dansranbilegiin Dogsom (March 22, 1936–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Peldschidiin Genden (1932–22 March 1936)
    • Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Anandyn Amar (March 22, 1936–1939)

• Tibet (controversial)
  • Ruler: Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935–1951)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State:
    • King George V (1910–20 January 1936)
    • King Edward VIII (January 20 - December 11, 1936)
    • King George VI. (December 11, 1936–1952)
  • Governor General:
    • Isaac Isaacs (1931-23 January 1936)
    • Earl Alexander Hore-Ruthven (January 23, 1936–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Lyons (1932–1939)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State:
    • King George V (1910–20 January 1936)
    • King Edward VIII (January 20 - December 11, 1936)
    • King George VI. (December 11, 1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Viscount George Monckton-Arundell (1935–1941)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage (1935–1940)

Europe

• Albania
  • Head of State: King Ahmet Zogu (1925–1939, 1943–1946 )
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mehdi Bej Frashëri (1935–9 November 1936) (1943–1944 President of the High Regency Council)
    • Prime Minister Kostaq Kota ( 1928–1930 , November 9, 1936–1939)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (1920–1940)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul van Zeeland (1935–1937)

• Bulgaria
  • Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Georgi Kjosseiwanow (1935–1940)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ( 1924–1926 , 1929–1942)

• German Empire
  • Head of State and Government: "Führer and Reich Chancellor" Adolf Hitler (1933–1945)

• Estonia
  • Head of State: Elder Konstantin Päts ( 1921–1922, 1923–1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933 , 1933–1940) (1918–1919, 1934–1937 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantin Päts ( 1918–9119 , 1934–1937) (1921–1922, 1923–1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933, 1933–1940 State Elder)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1931–1937) (1917–1918, 1930–1931 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Toivo Kivimäki (1932–7 October 1936)
    • Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio ( 1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 , October 7, 1936–1937) (1937–1940 President)

• France
  • Head of State: President Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Pierre Laval ( 1931–1932 , 1935–24 January 1936, 1942–1944 )
    • President of the Council of Ministers Albert Sarraut ( 1933 , January 24, 1936– June 4, 1936)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Léon Blum (June 4, 1936–1937, 1938, 1946–1947 )

• Greece
  • Head of State: King George II ( 1922–1924 , 1935–1947) (1941–1946 in exile)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Konstantinos Demertzis (1935–12 April 1936)
    • Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas (April 13, 1936–1941)

• Ireland
  • Head of State:
    • King George V (1922–20 January 1936)
    • King Edward VIII (January 20, 1936– December 11, 1936)
      • Governor General Domhnall Ua Buachalla (1932–12 December 1936)
    • President of Parliament Frank Fahy (December 12, 1936–1937)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)

• Italy
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
  • Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State: King Peter II (1934–1945) (1941–1945 in exile)
    • Regent: Prince Paul (1934–1941)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Milan Stojadinović (1935–1939)

• Latvia
  • Head of State:
    • President Alberts Kviesis (1930–11 April 1936)
    • President Kārlis Ulmanis (April 11, 1936–1940) (Prime Minister 1918–1919, 1919–1921, 1925–1926, 1931, 1934–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis ( 1918–1919, 1919–1921, 1925–1926, 1931 , 1934–1940) (1936–1940 President)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz I (1929–1938)
  • Head of Government Josef Hoop (1928–1945)

• Lithuania
  • Head of State: President Antanas Smetona ( 1918–1920 , 1926–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Juozas Tūbelis (1929–1938)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Joseph Bech (1926–1937, 1953–1958 )

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Maurice Bouillaux-Lafont (1932–1937)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hendrikus Colijn ( 1925–1926 , 1933–1939)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold (1935–1945) (1940–1945 in exile)

• Austria
  • Head of State: Federal President Wilhelm Miklas (1928–1938)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg (1934–1938)

• Poland
  • Head of State: President Ignacy Mościcki (1926–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski (1935–15 May 1936)
    • Prime Minister Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski (May 15, 1936–1939)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Óscar Carmona (1925–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Charles II (1930–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Gheorghe Tătărescu (1934–1937)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Pompeo Righi ( 1932 , 1935– April 1, 1936, 1939 ) and Marino Morri ( 1927, 1931–1932 , 1935– April 1, 1936, 1939 )
    • Gino Gozi ( 1927, 1932–1933 , April 1, 1936– October 1, 1936, 1941 ) and Ruggero Morri ( 1926–1927, 1932–1933 , April 1, 1936– October 1, 1936)
    • Francesco Morri ( 1918–1919, 1924–1925, 1928–1929, 1933 , October 1, 1936–1937) and Gino Ceccoli ( 1930–1931 , October 1, 1936–1937)

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson (1932-19 June 1936)
    • Prime Minister Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp (June 19 - September 28, 1936)
    • Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson (September 28, 1936–1946)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Albert Meyer (1936)
  • Federal Council :
    • Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
    • Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1929-1944)
    • Albert Meyer (1930–1938)
    • Rudolf Minger (1930–1940)
    • Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
    • Johannes Baumann (1934–1940)
    • Hermann Obrecht (1935–1940)

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1922–1946)
  • Head of Government (nominal) : Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (1930–1941)
  • Head of Government (de facto) : General Secretary of the CPSU Josef Stalin (1922–1953)

• Spain ( civil war )
  • Spanish Republic
    • Head of State:
      • President Niceto Alcalá Zamora (1931– April 7, 1936)
      • (officiating) Diego Martínez Barrio (April 7 - May 11, 1936)
      • President Manuel Azaña (May 11, 1936–1939)
    • Head of Government:
      • District President Manuel Portela Valladares (1935–19 February 1936)
      • District President Manuel Azaña (February 19 - May 10, 1936)
      • District President Augusto Barcia Trelles (May 10th - May 13th 1936)
      • District President Santiago Casares Quiroga (May 13 - July 19, 1936)
      • District President Diego Martínez Barrio (July 19, 1936)
      • District President José Giral Pereira (July 19 - September 4, 1936)
      • District President Francisco Largo Caballero (September 4, 1936–1937)
  • Estado Español
    • Head of State:
      • Chairman of the Junta de Defensa Nacional Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer (July 24 - October 1, 1936)
      • Caudillo Francisco Franco (October 1, 1936–1975)
    • Head of Government:
      • District President Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer (July 24 - October 1, 1936)
      • District President Fidel Dávila Arrondo (October 3, 1936–1937)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Head of State: President Edvard Beneš (1935–1938, 1945–1948 ) (1921–1922 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Milan Hodža (1935–1938)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Kemal Ataturk (1923–1938)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister İsmet İnönü (1925–1937)

• Hungary
  • Head of State: Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös (1932–6 October 1936)
    • Prime Minister Kálmán Darányi (October 6, 1936–1938)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XI. (1929-1939)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State:
    • King George V (1910–20 January 1936)
    • King Edward VIII (January 20 - December 11, 1936)
    • King George VI. (December 11, 1936–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin (1935–1937)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares