List of Heads of State 1934

Overview
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Africa

• Egypt (British Protectorate 1914–1936)
  • Head of State: King Fuad I (1917–1936) (Sultan until 1922)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pascha ( 1923-1924 , 1933-15 November 1934)
    • Prime Minister Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha ( 1920–1921, 1922–1923 , November 15, 1934–1936)
  • British High Commissioner : Miles Lampson (January 8, 1934–1936)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State and Government: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)

• Liberia
  • Head of State and Government: President Edwin Barclay (1930–1944)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor General : George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon (1931–1937)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister J.BM Hertzog (1924–1939)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor General : Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough (1931–1935)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Richard Bedford Bennett (1930–1935)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Abelardo L. Rodríguez (1932– November 30, 1934)
    • President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (December 1, 1934–1940)

• Newfoundland (from February 16, 1934 status as a crown colony again)
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–16 February 1936)
    • Governor : David Murray Anderson (1932-1935)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Frederick C. Alderdice ( 1928 , 1932– January 30, 1934)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno ( 1910–1914, 1924–1928 , 1932–1936)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Rafael Trujillo (1930–1938, 1942–1952 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (1931–28 August 1934, 1935–1944 )
    • President Andrés Ignacio Menéndez (August 29, 1934–1935, 1944 ) (acting)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Jorge Ubico Castañeda (1931–1944)

• Haiti (occupied by the USA 1915–1934)
  • Head of State and Government: President Sténio Vincent (1930–1941)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)

• Cuba
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Ramón Grau San Martín (1933– January 15, 1934, 1944–1948 )
    • President Carlos Hevia (January 15, 1934– January 18, 1934)
    • President Manuel Márquez Sterling (January 18, 1934)
    • President Carlos Mendieta y Montefur (January 18, 1934–1935) (acting)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Bautista Sacasa (1933–1936)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government: President Harmodio Arias Madrid (1932–1936)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Agustín Pedro Justo (1932–1938)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Daniel Salamanca Urey (1931– November 27, 1934)
    • President José Luis Tejada Sorzano (November 28, 1934–1936)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945, 1951–1954 ) (provisional until July 20, 1934)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Arturo Alessandri ( 1920–1924, 1925 , 1932–1938)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Abelardo Montalvo (1933–1 September 1934) (acting)
    • President José María Velasco Ibarra (September 1, 1934–1935, 1944–1947, 1952–1956, 1960–1961, 1968–1972 )

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Enrique Olaya Herrera (1930–7 August 1934)
    • President Alfonso López Pumarejo (August 7, 1934–1938, 1942–1945 )

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Eusebio Ayala ( 1923–1924, 1924–1928 , 1932–1936)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Oscar R. Benavides ( 1914–1915 , 1933–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma (1933–18 November 1934)
    • Prime Minister Carlos Arenas y Loayza (December 24, 1934–1935)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Gabriel Terra (1931–1938)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Vicente Gómez ( 1909–1910, 1910–1914, 1922–1929 , 1931–1935)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

• China
  • Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Lin Sen (1931–1943)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Executive Yuan Wang Jingwei (1932–1935)

• British India
  • Emperor : George V (1910–1936)
  • Viceroy : Freeman Freeman-Thomas (1931–1936)

• Dutch East Indies
  • Governor General : Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge (1931–1936)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Saitō Makoto (1932–8 July 1934)
    • Prime Minister Okada Keisuke (July 8, 1934–1936)

• Manchukuo (controversial)
  • Head of State: Emperor Puyi (1932–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Zheng Xiaoxu (1932–1935)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1932–1945)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Head of State: King Rama VII (1925–1935)
  • Head of Government: General Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena (1933–1938)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Ghazi (1933–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Jamil al-Midfai (1933–25 August 1934)
    • Prime Minister Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi (1934–1935)

• Yemen
  • Ruler: King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)

• Persia (today: Iran)
  • Head of State: Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925–1941)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1933–1935)

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)

• Transjordan (today: Jordan )
  • Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State:
    • King Mohammed Nadir Shah (1929–8 January 1933)
    • King Mohammed Sahir Shah (January 8, 1933–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (1929–1946)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Great State of Chural Anandyn Amar (1932–1936)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Peldschidiin Genden (1932–1936)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Governor General: Isaac Isaacs (1931–1936)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Lyons (1932–1939)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Governor General: Viscount Charles Bathurst (1930–1935)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister George Forbes (1930–1935)

Europe

• Albania
  • Head of State: King Ahmet Zogu (1925–1939, 1943–1946 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Pandeli Evangjeli ( 1921 , 1930–1935)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (1920–1940)

• Belgium
  • Head of State:
    • King Albert I (1909–17 Feb 1934)
    • King Leopold III. (February 23, 1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Charles Comte de Broqueville ( 1911–1918 , 1932–20 November 1934)
    • Prime Minister Georges Theunis ( 1921–1925 , November 20, 1934–1935)

• Bulgaria
  • Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Nikola Muschanow (1931-19 May 1934)
    • Prime Minister Kimon Georgiev (May 19, 1934–1935, 1944–1946 )

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ( 1924–1926 , 1929–1942)

• German Empire
  • Head of State: President Paul von Hindenburg (1925–2 August 1934)
  • Head of Government: Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler (1933–2 August 1934)
  • Head of State and Government: "Führer and Reich Chancellor" Adolf Hitler (August 2, 1934–1945)

• Estonia
  • Head of State: Elder Konstantin Päts ( 1921–1922, 1923–1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933 , 1933–1940) (1918–1919, 1934–1937 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantin Päts ( 1918–9119 , January 24, 1934–1937) (1921–1922, 1923–1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933, 1933–1940 State Elder)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1931–1937) (1917–1918, 1930–1931 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Toivo Kivimäki (1932–1936)

• France
  • Head of State: President Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Camille Chautemps ( 1930 , 1933–30 January 1934, 1937–1938 )
    • President of the Council of Ministers Édouard Daladier ( 1933 , January 30, 1934– February 9, 1934, 1938–1904 )
    • President of the Council of Ministers Gaston Doumergue ( 1913–1914 , February 9, 1934– November 8, 1934) (President 194–1931)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Pierre-Étienne Flandin (November 8, 1934–1935)

• Greece
  • Head of State: President Alexandros Zaimis (1929–1935) (1897–1899, 1901–1902, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1926–1928 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Panagis Tsaldaris ( 1932–1933 , 1933–1935)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: King George V (1922–1936)
    • Governor General Domhnall Ua Buachalla (1932–1936)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)

• Italy
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
  • Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State:
    • King Alexander I (1921– October 9, 1934)
    • King Peter II (October 9, 1934–1945) (1941–1945 in exile)
      • Regent: Prince Paul (October 9, 1934–1941)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Milan Srškić (1932– January 27, 1934)
    • Prime Minister Nikola Uzunović ( 1926–1927 , January 27, 1934– December 20, 1934)
    • Prime Minister Bogoljub Jevtić (December 20, 1934–1935)

• Latvia
  • Head of State: President Alberts Kviesis (1930–1936)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ādolfs Bļodnieks (1933–17 March 1934)
    • Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis ( 1918–1919, 1919–1921, 1925–1926, 1931 , March 17, 1934–1940) (President 1936–1940)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz I (1929–1938)
  • Head of Government Josef Hoop (1928–1945)

• Lithuania
  • Head of State: President Antanas Smetona ( 1918–1920 , 1926–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Juozas Tūbelis (1929–1938)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Joseph Bech (1926–1937, 1953–1958 )

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Maurice Bouillaux-Lafont (1932–1937)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hendrikus Colijn ( 1925–1926 , 1933–1939)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Ludwig Mowinckel ( 1924–1926, 1928–1931 , 1933–1935)

• Austria
  • Head of State: Federal President Wilhelm Miklas (1928–1938)
  • Head of Government:
    • Federal Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß (1932–5 July 1934)
    • Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg (July 29, 1934–1938)

• Poland
  • Head of State: President Ignacy Mościcki (1926–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Janusz Jędrzejewicz (1933–13 May 1934)
    • Prime Minister Leon Kozłowski (May 15, 1934–1935)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Óscar Carmona (1925–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Charles II (1930–1940)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Constantin Angelescu (1933–3 January 1934)
    • Prime Minister Gheorghe Tătărescu (January 3, 1934–1937)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Carlo Balsimelli ( 1920–1921 , 1933–1 April 1934, 1938–1939, 1942–1943 ) and Melchiorre Filippi ( 1928–1929 , 1933–1 April 1934)
    • Marino Rossi ( 1920, 1927–1928 , April 1, 1934– October 1, 1934, 1937–1938 ) and Giovanni Lonfernini (April 1, 1934– October 1, 1934, 1937–1938, 1941–1942 )
    • Angelo Manzoni Borghesi ( 1911–1912, 1917–1918, 1924, 1931 , October 1, 1934–1935, 1940 ) and Marino Michelotti (October 1, 1934–1935, 1939–1940, 1943 )

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson (1932–1936)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1934, 1940 )
  • Federal Council :
    • Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
    • Edmund Schulthess (1912-1935)
    • Jean-Marie Musy (1920-30 April 1934)
    • Heinrich Häberlin (1920–30 April 1934)
    • Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1929-1944)
    • Albert Meyer (1930–1938)
    • Rudolf Minger (1930–1940)
    • Philipp Etter (May 1, 1934–1959)
    • Johannes Baumann (May 1, 1934–1940)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President: Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1934, 1940)
  • Federal Councilor: Johannes Baumann (from April 30), Heinrich Häberlin (until April 30), Alber Meyer , Rudolf Minger , Giuseppe Motta , Jean-Marie Musy , Marcel Pilet-Golaz, Edmund Schulthess

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1922–1946)
  • Head of Government (nominal) : Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (1930–1941)
  • Head of Government (de facto) : General Secretary of the CPSU Josef Stalin (1922–1953)

• Spain
  • Head of State: President Niceto Alcalá Zamora (1931–1936)
  • Head of Government:
    • District President Alejandro Lerroux (1933–28 April 1934)
    • District President Ricardo Samper Ibáñez (April 28 - October 4, 1934)
    • District President Alejandro Lerroux (October 4, 1934–1935)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Head of State: President Tomáš Masaryk (1918–1935)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Malypetr (1932–1935)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Kemal Ataturk (1923–1938)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister İsmet İnönü (1925–1937)

• Hungary
  • Head of State: Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös (1932–1936)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XI. (1929-1939)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald (1929–1935)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares