List of Heads of State 1924

Overview
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Africa

• Egypt (British Protectorate 1914–1936)
  • Head of State: King Fuad I (1917–1936) (Sultan until 1922)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pascha (1923–26 January 1924, 1933–1934 )
    • Prime Minister Saad Zaghlul Pasha (January 26, 1924– November 24, 1924)
    • Prime Minister Ahmed Ziwar Pasha (November 24, 1924–1926)
  • British High Commissioner : Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby (1919–1925)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State and Government: Empress Zauditu (1916–1930)
    • Regent: Ras Tafari Makonnen (1916–1930) (1930–1974 Emperor)

• Liberia
  • Head of State and Government: President Charles DB King (1920–1930)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor General :
      • James Rose Innes (1923–21 January 1924) ( Acting )
      • Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1924–21 January 1931)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Jan Christiaan Smuts (1919–30 June 1924, 1939–1948 )
    • Prime Minister JBM Hertzog (June 30, 1924–1939)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor General : Julian, Lord Byng (1921–1926)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (1921–1926, 1926–1930, 1935–1948 )

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Álvaro Obregón (1920–30 November 1924)
    • President Plutarco Elías Calles (December 1, 1924–1928)

• Newfoundland
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor : William Allardyce (1922–1928)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister William Warren (1923-10 May 1924)
    • Prime Minister Albert Hickman (May 10, 1924– June 9, 1924)
    • Prime Minister Walter Stanley Monroe (June 9, 1924–1928)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President Calvin Coolidge (1923–1929)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Julio Acosta García (1920–8 May 1924)
    • President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno ( 1910–1914 , May 8, 1924–1928, 1932–1936 )

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos (1922–12 July 1924) ( Acting )
    • President Horacio Vásquez ( 1899, 1902–1903 , July 12, 1924–1930)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Alfonso Quiñónez Molina ( 1914–1915, 1918–1919 , 1923–1927)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President José María Orellana Pinto (1921–1926)

• Haiti (occupied by the USA 1915–1934)
  • Head of State and Government: President Louis Bornó (1922–1930)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Rafael López Gutiérrez (1920–10 March 1924) (provisional from 1 March 1924)
    • President Francisco Bueso (March 10, 1924– April 27, 1924) (acting)
    • President Tiburcio Carías Andino (April 27, 1924– April 30, 1924, 1933–1949 )
    • President Vicente Tosta Carrasco (April 30, 1924–1925) (Acting)

• Cuba
  • Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso (1921–1925)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President Bartolomé Martínez González (1923–1925) (acting)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Belisario Porras Barahona ( 1912–1916, 1918–1920 , 1920–1 October 1924)
    • President Rodolfo Chiari (October 1, 1924–1928)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (1922–1928)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President Bautista Saavedra Mallea (1920–1925)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Artur da Silva Bernardes (1922–1926)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Arturo Alessandri (1920–12 September 1924, 1925, 1932–1938 )
    • Chairman of the Junta Luis Altamirano (September 12, 1924–1925) (acting)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President José Luis Tamayo (1920–1 September 1924)
    • President Gonzalo S. Córdova (September 1, 1924–1925)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Pedro Nel Ospina (1922–1926)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Eligio Ayala (1923–17 March 1924, 1924–1928 ) (acting)
    • President Luis Alberto Riart (March 17, 194– August 15, 1924) (acting)
    • President Eligio Ayala ( 1923-1924 , August 15, 1924-1928)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo ( 1908–1912 , 1919–1930) (1904–1907 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Julio Enrique Ego Aguirre (1922–12 October 1924)
    • Prime Minister Alejandrino Maguiña (October 12, 1924–1926)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President José Serrato (1923–1927)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Vicente Gómez ( 1909–1910, 1910–1914 , 1922–1929, 1931–1935 )

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907–1926)

• China
  • Head of State:
    • President Cao Kun (1923– November 2, 1924)
    • (incumbent) Huang Fu (November 2 - November 24, 1924)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Gao Lingwei (1923–12 January 1924)
    • Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Sun Baoqi (January 12 - July 2, 1924)
    • (officiating) Wellington Koo (July 2 - September 14, 1924)
    • Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Yan Huiqing (September 14 - October 31, 1924)
    • (incumbent) Huang Fu (October 31 - November 24, 1924)
  • Head of State and Government: (provisional) Duan Qirui (November 24, 1924–1926)

• British India
  • Emperor : George V (1910–1936)
  • Viceroy : Rufus Isaacs (1921–1925)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Yoshihito (1912–1926)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe (1923–7 January 1924)
    • Prime Minister Kiyoura Keigo (January 7 - June 11, 1924)
    • Prime Minister Katō Takaaki (June 11, 1924–1926)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901–1929)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910–1925)

Middle East

• Persia (today: Iran)
  • Head of State: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909–1925)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Reza Khan Sardar Sepah (1923–1925)

• Yemen
  • Ruler: Imam Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)

• Transjordan (today: Jordan )
  • Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Ruler: Emir Amanullah Khan (1919–1929)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State:
    • Bogd Khan (1911-1924)
    • Chairman of the Great State Chural Nawaandordschiin Dschadambaa (November 28 - November 29, 1924)
    • Chairman of the Great State of Chural Peldschidiin Genden (November 29, 1924–1927)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Balingiin Tserendordsch Beyse (1923–1928)

• Tibet (controversial)
  • Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso (1913–1933)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Governor General: Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster (1920–1925)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Stanley Bruce (1923–1929)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Governor General:
    • Admiral John Jellicoe, 1st Viscount Jellicoe (1920–12 December 1924)
    • General Charles Fergusson (December 13, 1924–1930)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Massey (1912-1925)

Europe

• Albania
  • Head of State:
    • Regency Council (1920–1925)
    • Chairman of the national government Fan Noli (July 2, 1924– December 24, 1924) (acting) (1924 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ahmet Zogu (1922–5 March 1924, 1925 ) (1925–1928 President, 1928–1939 King)
    • Prime Minister Shefqet Vërlaci (March 5, 1924– June 2, 1924, 1939–1941 )
    • Prime Minister Iliaz Vrioni ( 1920–1921 , June 2, 1924– June 16, 1924, 1924–1925 )
    • Prime Minister Fan Noli (June 16, 1924– December 26, 1924) (1924 Chairman of the National Government)
    • Prime Minister Iliaz Vrioni ( 1920–1921, 1924, December 26, 1924–1925)

• Albania
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ahmet Zogu (1922–1924)
    • Prime Minister Shefqet Bej Verlaci (1924)
    • Prime Minister Ilias Bej Vrioni (1924)
    • Prime Minister Fan S. Noli (1924)
    • Prime Minister Ilias Bej Vrioni (1924–1925)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France :
      • Alexandre Millerand (1920-1924)
      • Gaston Doumergue (1924-1931)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (1920–1940)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Albert I (1909–1934)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Georges Theunis (1921–1925, 1934–1935 )

• Bulgaria
  • Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Aleksandar Zankow (1923–1926)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Niels Neergaard ( 1908–1909 , 1920–23 April 1924)
    • Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning (April 23, 1924–1926, 1929–1942 )

• German Empire
  • Head of State: President Friedrich Ebert (1919–1925)
  • Head of Government: Reich Chancellor Wilhelm Marx (1923–1925)

• Estonia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • State Elder Konstantin Päts ( 1921–1922 , 1923–26 March 1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933, 1933–1940 ) (1918–1919, 1934–1937 Prime Minister)
    • State Elder Friedrich Karl Akel (March 26, 1924– December 16, 1924)
    • State Elder Jüri Jaakson (December 16, 1924–1925)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (1919–1925)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio (1922–18 January 1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930, 1936–1937 ) (1937–1940 President)
    • Prime Minister Aimo Kaarlo Cajander ( 1922 , January 18, 1924– March 31, 1924, 1937–1939 )
    • Prime Minister Lauri Ingman ( 1918–1919 , May 31, 1924–1925)

• France
  • Head of State:
    • President Alexandre Millerand (1920–11 June 1924) (1920 President of the Council of Ministers)
    • President Frédéric François-Marsal (11 June 1924–13 June 1924) (acting) (1924 President of the Council of Ministers)
    • President Gaston Doumergue (June 13, 1924–1931) (1913–1914, President of the Council of Ministers 1934–1944)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Raymond Poincaré ( 1912–1913 , 1922–9 June 1924, 1926–1929 ) (1913–1920 President)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Frédéric François-Marsal (June 9, 1924– June 14, 1924) (President 1924)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Édouard Herriot (June 14, 1924–1925, 1926, 1932 )

• Greece
  • Head of State:
    • King George II (1922–16 March 1924, 1935–1947 )
    • President Pavlos Kountouriotis (April 14, 1924–1926, 1926–1929 ) (1920 regent)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Stylianos Gonatas (1922–11 January 1924)
    • Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos ( 1910–1915, 1915, 1916–1917, 1917–1920 , January 11, 1924– February 6, 1924, 1928–1932, 1932, 1933 )
    • Prime Minister Georgios Kaphantaris (February 6, 1924– March 12, 1924)
    • Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou (March 12, 1924– July 25, 1924, 1932 )
    • Prime Minister Themistoklis Sofoulis (July 25, 1924– October 7, 1924, 1945–1946, 1947–1949 )
    • Prime Minister Andreas Michalakopoulos (October 7, 1924–1925)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: King George V (1922–1936)
    • Governor General Timothy Michael Healy (1922–1928)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Thomas Cosgrave (1922–1932)

• Italy
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
  • Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)

• Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia)
  • Head of State: King Alexander I (1921–1934)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Nikola Pašić ( 1918 , 1921–28 July 1924, 1924–1926 )
    • Prime Minister Ljubomir Davidović ( 1919–1902 , July 28, 1924– November 6, 1924)
    • Prime Minister Nikola Pašić ( 1918, 1921–1924 , November 6, 1924–1926)

• Latvia
  • Head of State: President Jānis Čakste (1918–1925, 1925–1927 )
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics ( 1921–1923 , 1923–25 January 1924)
    • Prime Minister Voldemārs Zāmuels (January 25, 1924– December 16, 1924)
    • Prime Minister Hugo Celmiņš (December 16, 1924–1925, 1928–1931 )

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Johann II. (1858–1929)
  • Head of Government Gustav Schädler (1922–1928)

• Lithuania
  • Head of State: President Aleksandras Stulginskis (1920–1926, 1926 )
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ernestas Galvanauskas ( 1919–1920 , 1922–18 June 1924)
    • Prime Minister Antanas Tumėnas (June 18, 1924–1925)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Émile Reuter (1918–1925)

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Maurice Piette (1923–1932)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (1918–1925, 1929–1933 )

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Abraham Berge (1923-25 ​​July 1924)
    • Prime Minister Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (July 25, 1924–1926, 1928–1931, 1933–1935 )

• Austria
  • Head of State: Federal President Michael Hainisch (1920–1928)
  • Head of Government:
    • Federal Chancellor Ignaz Seipel (1922-20 November 1924)
    • Federal Chancellor Rudolf Ramek (November 20, 1924–1926)

• Poland
  • Head of State: President Stanisław Wojciechowski (1922–1926)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Władysław Grabski (1923–1925)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Manuel Teixeira Gomes (1923–1925)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1923–7 July 1924)
    • General Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (July 7th - November 22nd, 1924)
  • + Prime Minister José Domingues dos Santos (November 22, 1924–1925)

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Ferdinand I (1914–1927)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ion IC Brătianu (1922–1926)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Marino Borbiconi ( 1894–1895, 1898–1899, 1903–1904, 1909–1910 , 1923–1 April 1924) and Mario Michetti (1923–1 April 1924)
    • Angelo Manzoni Borghesi ( 1911–1912, 1917–1918 , April 1, 1924– October 1, 1924, 1931, 1934–1935, 1940 ) and Francesco Mularoni (April 1, 1924– October 1, 1924, 1931 )
    • Francesco Morri ( 1918–1919 , October 1, 1924–1925, 1928–1929, 1933, 1936–1937 ) and Girolamo Gozi (October 1, 1924–1925, 1929 )

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ernst Trygger (1923-18 October 1924)
    • Prime Minister Hjalmar Branting (October 18, 1924–1925)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Ernest Chuard (1924)
  • Federal Council :
    • Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
    • Edmund Schulthess (1912-1935)
    • Robert Haab (1918–1929)
    • Ernest Chuard (1920–1928)
    • Jean-Marie Musy (1920-1934)
    • Karl Scheurer (1920–1929)
    • Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934)

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1922–1946)
  • Head of Government (nominal) :
    • Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Lenin (1923–21 January 1924)
    • Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Alexei Ivanovich Rykov (February 2, 1924–1930)
  • Head of Government (de facto) : General Secretary of the CPSU Josef Stalin (1922–1953)

• Spain
  • Head of State: King Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
  • Head of Government: District President Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja (1923–1930)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Head of State: President Tomáš Masaryk (1918–1935)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Antonín Švehla (1922–1926, 1926–1929 )

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Mustafa Kemal (1923–1938)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister İsmet İnönü (1923–22 November 1924)
    • Prime Minister Ali Fethi Okyar (November 22, 1924–1925)

• Hungary
  • Head of State: Reichsverweser Admiral Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Count István Bethlen (1921–1931)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Earl Stanley Baldwin (1923-22 January 1924)
    • Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald (January 22 – November 4, 1924)
    • Prime Minister Earl Stanley Baldwin (November 4, 1924–1929)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares