List of Heads of State 1924
Overview
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Africa
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Egypt (British Protectorate 1914–1936)
- Head of State: King Fuad I (1917–1936) (Sultan until 1922)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pascha (1923–26 January 1924, 1933–1934 )
- Prime Minister Saad Zaghlul Pasha (January 26, 1924– November 24, 1924)
- Prime Minister Ahmed Ziwar Pasha (November 24, 1924–1926)
- British High Commissioner : Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby (1919–1925)
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Ethiopia
- Head of State and Government: Empress Zauditu (1916–1930)
- Regent: Ras Tafari Makonnen (1916–1930) (1930–1974 Emperor)
- Head of State and Government: Empress Zauditu (1916–1930)
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Liberia
- Head of State and Government: President Charles DB King (1920–1930)
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South Africa
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
-
Governor General :
- James Rose Innes (1923–21 January 1924) ( Acting )
- Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1924–21 January 1931)
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Governor General :
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jan Christiaan Smuts (1919–30 June 1924, 1939–1948 )
- Prime Minister JBM Hertzog (June 30, 1924–1939)
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
America
North America
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Canada
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Governor General : Julian, Lord Byng (1921–1926)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (1921–1926, 1926–1930, 1935–1948 )
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
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Mexico
- Head of State and Government:
- President Álvaro Obregón (1920–30 November 1924)
- President Plutarco Elías Calles (December 1, 1924–1928)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Newfoundland
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Governor : William Allardyce (1922–1928)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister William Warren (1923-10 May 1924)
- Prime Minister Albert Hickman (May 10, 1924– June 9, 1924)
- Prime Minister Walter Stanley Monroe (June 9, 1924–1928)
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
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United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Calvin Coolidge (1923–1929)
Central America
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Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
- President Julio Acosta García (1920–8 May 1924)
- President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno ( 1910–1914 , May 8, 1924–1928, 1932–1936 )
- Head of State and Government:
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Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government:
- President Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos (1922–12 July 1924) ( Acting )
- President Horacio Vásquez ( 1899, 1902–1903 , July 12, 1924–1930)
- Head of State and Government:
-
El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Alfonso Quiñónez Molina ( 1914–1915, 1918–1919 , 1923–1927)
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Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President José María Orellana Pinto (1921–1926)
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Haiti (occupied by the USA 1915–1934)
- Head of State and Government: President Louis Bornó (1922–1930)
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Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
- President Rafael López Gutiérrez (1920–10 March 1924) (provisional from 1 March 1924)
- President Francisco Bueso (March 10, 1924– April 27, 1924) (acting)
- President Tiburcio Carías Andino (April 27, 1924– April 30, 1924, 1933–1949 )
- President Vicente Tosta Carrasco (April 30, 1924–1925) (Acting)
- Head of State and Government:
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Cuba
- Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso (1921–1925)
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Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Bartolomé Martínez González (1923–1925) (acting)
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Panama
- Head of State and Government:
- President Belisario Porras Barahona ( 1912–1916, 1918–1920 , 1920–1 October 1924)
- President Rodolfo Chiari (October 1, 1924–1928)
- Head of State and Government:
South America
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Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (1922–1928)
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Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Bautista Saavedra Mallea (1920–1925)
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Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Artur da Silva Bernardes (1922–1926)
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Chile
- Head of State and Government:
- President Arturo Alessandri (1920–12 September 1924, 1925, 1932–1938 )
- Chairman of the Junta Luis Altamirano (September 12, 1924–1925) (acting)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
- President José Luis Tamayo (1920–1 September 1924)
- President Gonzalo S. Córdova (September 1, 1924–1925)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Pedro Nel Ospina (1922–1926)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
- President Eligio Ayala (1923–17 March 1924, 1924–1928 ) (acting)
- President Luis Alberto Riart (March 17, 194– August 15, 1924) (acting)
- President Eligio Ayala ( 1923-1924 , August 15, 1924-1928)
- Head of State and Government:
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Peru
- Head of State: President Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo ( 1908–1912 , 1919–1930) (1904–1907 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Julio Enrique Ego Aguirre (1922–12 October 1924)
- Prime Minister Alejandrino Maguiña (October 12, 1924–1926)
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Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President José Serrato (1923–1927)
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Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Vicente Gómez ( 1909–1910, 1910–1914 , 1922–1929, 1931–1935 )
Asia
East, South and Southeast Asia
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Bhutan
- Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907–1926)
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China
- Head of State:
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Gao Lingwei (1923–12 January 1924)
- Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Sun Baoqi (January 12 - July 2, 1924)
- (officiating) Wellington Koo (July 2 - September 14, 1924)
- Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Yan Huiqing (September 14 - October 31, 1924)
- (incumbent) Huang Fu (October 31 - November 24, 1924)
- Head of State and Government: (provisional) Duan Qirui (November 24, 1924–1926)
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British India
- Emperor : George V (1910–1936)
- Viceroy : Rufus Isaacs (1921–1925)
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Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Yoshihito (1912–1926)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe (1923–7 January 1924)
- Prime Minister Kiyoura Keigo (January 7 - June 11, 1924)
- Prime Minister Katō Takaaki (June 11, 1924–1926)
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Nepal
- Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901–1929)
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Siam (today: Thailand)
- Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910–1925)
Middle East
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Persia (today: Iran)
- Head of State: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909–1925)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Reza Khan Sardar Sepah (1923–1925)
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Yemen
- Ruler: Imam Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)
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Transjordan (today: Jordan )
- Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)
Central Asia
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Afghanistan
- Ruler: Emir Amanullah Khan (1919–1929)
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Mongolia
- Head of State:
- Bogd Khan (1911-1924)
- Chairman of the Great State Chural Nawaandordschiin Dschadambaa (November 28 - November 29, 1924)
- Chairman of the Great State of Chural Peldschidiin Genden (November 29, 1924–1927)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Balingiin Tserendordsch Beyse (1923–1928)
- Head of State:
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Tibet (controversial)
- Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso (1913–1933)
Australia and Oceania
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Australia
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Governor General: Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster (1920–1925)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stanley Bruce (1923–1929)
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New Zealand
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Governor General:
- Admiral John Jellicoe, 1st Viscount Jellicoe (1920–12 December 1924)
- General Charles Fergusson (December 13, 1924–1930)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Massey (1912-1925)
Europe
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Albania
- Head of State:
- Regency Council (1920–1925)
- Chairman of the national government Fan Noli (July 2, 1924– December 24, 1924) (acting) (1924 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ahmet Zogu (1922–5 March 1924, 1925 ) (1925–1928 President, 1928–1939 King)
- Prime Minister Shefqet Vërlaci (March 5, 1924– June 2, 1924, 1939–1941 )
- Prime Minister Iliaz Vrioni ( 1920–1921 , June 2, 1924– June 16, 1924, 1924–1925 )
- Prime Minister Fan Noli (June 16, 1924– December 26, 1924) (1924 Chairman of the National Government)
- Prime Minister Iliaz Vrioni ( 1920–1921, 1924, December 26, 1924–1925)
- Head of State:
-
Albania
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ahmet Zogu (1922–1924)
- Prime Minister Shefqet Bej Verlaci (1924)
- Prime Minister Ilias Bej Vrioni (1924)
- Prime Minister Fan S. Noli (1924)
- Prime Minister Ilias Bej Vrioni (1924–1925)
- Head of Government:
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Andorra
-
Co-princes :
-
President of France :
- Alexandre Millerand (1920-1924)
- Gaston Doumergue (1924-1931)
- Bishop of Urgell : Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (1920–1940)
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President of France :
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Co-princes :
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Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert I (1909–1934)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Georges Theunis (1921–1925, 1934–1935 )
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Bulgaria
- Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aleksandar Zankow (1923–1926)
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Denmark
- Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Niels Neergaard ( 1908–1909 , 1920–23 April 1924)
- Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning (April 23, 1924–1926, 1929–1942 )
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German Empire
- Head of State: President Friedrich Ebert (1919–1925)
- Head of Government: Reich Chancellor Wilhelm Marx (1923–1925)
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Estonia
- Head of State and Government:
- State Elder Konstantin Päts ( 1921–1922 , 1923–26 March 1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933, 1933–1940 ) (1918–1919, 1934–1937 Prime Minister)
- State Elder Friedrich Karl Akel (March 26, 1924– December 16, 1924)
- State Elder Jüri Jaakson (December 16, 1924–1925)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Finland
- Head of State: President Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (1919–1925)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio (1922–18 January 1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930, 1936–1937 ) (1937–1940 President)
- Prime Minister Aimo Kaarlo Cajander ( 1922 , January 18, 1924– March 31, 1924, 1937–1939 )
- Prime Minister Lauri Ingman ( 1918–1919 , May 31, 1924–1925)
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France
- Head of State:
- President Alexandre Millerand (1920–11 June 1924) (1920 President of the Council of Ministers)
- President Frédéric François-Marsal (11 June 1924–13 June 1924) (acting) (1924 President of the Council of Ministers)
- President Gaston Doumergue (June 13, 1924–1931) (1913–1914, President of the Council of Ministers 1934–1944)
- Head of Government:
- President of the Council of Ministers Raymond Poincaré ( 1912–1913 , 1922–9 June 1924, 1926–1929 ) (1913–1920 President)
- President of the Council of Ministers Frédéric François-Marsal (June 9, 1924– June 14, 1924) (President 1924)
- President of the Council of Ministers Édouard Herriot (June 14, 1924–1925, 1926, 1932 )
- Head of State:
-
Greece
- Head of State:
- King George II (1922–16 March 1924, 1935–1947 )
- President Pavlos Kountouriotis (April 14, 1924–1926, 1926–1929 ) (1920 regent)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Stylianos Gonatas (1922–11 January 1924)
- Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos ( 1910–1915, 1915, 1916–1917, 1917–1920 , January 11, 1924– February 6, 1924, 1928–1932, 1932, 1933 )
- Prime Minister Georgios Kaphantaris (February 6, 1924– March 12, 1924)
- Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou (March 12, 1924– July 25, 1924, 1932 )
- Prime Minister Themistoklis Sofoulis (July 25, 1924– October 7, 1924, 1945–1946, 1947–1949 )
- Prime Minister Andreas Michalakopoulos (October 7, 1924–1925)
- Head of State:
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Ireland
- Head of State: King George V (1922–1936)
- Governor General Timothy Michael Healy (1922–1928)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Thomas Cosgrave (1922–1932)
- Head of State: King George V (1922–1936)
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Italy
- Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
- Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)
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Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia)
- Head of State: King Alexander I (1921–1934)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Nikola Pašić ( 1918 , 1921–28 July 1924, 1924–1926 )
- Prime Minister Ljubomir Davidović ( 1919–1902 , July 28, 1924– November 6, 1924)
- Prime Minister Nikola Pašić ( 1918, 1921–1924 , November 6, 1924–1926)
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Latvia
- Head of State: President Jānis Čakste (1918–1925, 1925–1927 )
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics ( 1921–1923 , 1923–25 January 1924)
- Prime Minister Voldemārs Zāmuels (January 25, 1924– December 16, 1924)
- Prime Minister Hugo Celmiņš (December 16, 1924–1925, 1928–1931 )
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Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Johann II. (1858–1929)
- Head of Government Gustav Schädler (1922–1928)
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Lithuania
- Head of State: President Aleksandras Stulginskis (1920–1926, 1926 )
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ernestas Galvanauskas ( 1919–1920 , 1922–18 June 1924)
- Prime Minister Antanas Tumėnas (June 18, 1924–1925)
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Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Émile Reuter (1918–1925)
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Monaco
- Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Maurice Piette (1923–1932)
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Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (1918–1925, 1929–1933 )
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Norway
- Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Abraham Berge (1923-25 July 1924)
- Prime Minister Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (July 25, 1924–1926, 1928–1931, 1933–1935 )
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Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Michael Hainisch (1920–1928)
- Head of Government:
- Federal Chancellor Ignaz Seipel (1922-20 November 1924)
- Federal Chancellor Rudolf Ramek (November 20, 1924–1926)
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Poland
- Head of State: President Stanisław Wojciechowski (1922–1926)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Władysław Grabski (1923–1925)
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Portugal
- Head of State: President Manuel Teixeira Gomes (1923–1925)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1923–7 July 1924)
- General Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (July 7th - November 22nd, 1924)
- + Prime Minister José Domingues dos Santos (November 22, 1924–1925)
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Romania
- Head of State: King Ferdinand I (1914–1927)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ion IC Brătianu (1922–1926)
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San Marino
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Capitani Reggenti :
- Marino Borbiconi ( 1894–1895, 1898–1899, 1903–1904, 1909–1910 , 1923–1 April 1924) and Mario Michetti (1923–1 April 1924)
- Angelo Manzoni Borghesi ( 1911–1912, 1917–1918 , April 1, 1924– October 1, 1924, 1931, 1934–1935, 1940 ) and Francesco Mularoni (April 1, 1924– October 1, 1924, 1931 )
- Francesco Morri ( 1918–1919 , October 1, 1924–1925, 1928–1929, 1933, 1936–1937 ) and Girolamo Gozi (October 1, 1924–1925, 1929 )
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Capitani Reggenti :
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Sweden
- Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ernst Trygger (1923-18 October 1924)
- Prime Minister Hjalmar Branting (October 18, 1924–1925)
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Switzerland
- Federal President : Ernest Chuard (1924)
-
Federal Council :
- Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
- Edmund Schulthess (1912-1935)
- Robert Haab (1918–1929)
- Ernest Chuard (1920–1928)
- Jean-Marie Musy (1920-1934)
- Karl Scheurer (1920–1929)
- Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934)
-
Soviet Union
- Head of State: Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1922–1946)
- Head of Government (nominal) :
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Lenin (1923–21 January 1924)
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Alexei Ivanovich Rykov (February 2, 1924–1930)
- Head of Government (de facto) : General Secretary of the CPSU Josef Stalin (1922–1953)
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Spain
- Head of State: King Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
- Head of Government: District President Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja (1923–1930)
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Czechoslovakia
- Head of State: President Tomáš Masaryk (1918–1935)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Antonín Švehla (1922–1926, 1926–1929 )
-
Turkey
- Head of State: President Mustafa Kemal (1923–1938)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister İsmet İnönü (1923–22 November 1924)
- Prime Minister Ali Fethi Okyar (November 22, 1924–1925)
-
Hungary
- Head of State: Reichsverweser Admiral Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Count István Bethlen (1921–1931)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Earl Stanley Baldwin (1923-22 January 1924)
- Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald (January 22 – November 4, 1924)
- Prime Minister Earl Stanley Baldwin (November 4, 1924–1929)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares