List of heads of state 1920

Overview
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Africa

Egypt (British Protectorate 1914–1936)
- Head of State: Sultan Fuad I (1917–1936) (from 1922 King)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yusuf Wahba Pasha (1919–20 May 1920)
  - Prime Minister Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha (May 20, 1920–1921, 1922–1923, 1934–1936 )
- British High Commissioner : Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby (1919–1925)

Ethiopia
- Head of State and Government: Empress Zauditu (1916–1930)
  - Regent: Ras Tafari Makonnen (1916–1930) (1930–1974 Emperor)

Liberia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Daniel E. Howard (1912– Jan 5, 1920)
  - President Charles DB King (January 5, 1920–1930)

South Africa
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor General : Sydney Buxton, 1st Viscount Buxton (1914–20 November 1920) (from 8 November 1920 Earl Buxton)
    - Arthur of Connaught (November 20, 1920-1923)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Christiaan Smuts (1919–1924, 1939–1948 )

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor General : Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1916–1921)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Robert Borden (1911-10 June 1920)
  - Prime Minister Arthur Meighen (June 10, 1920–1921, 1926 )

Mexico
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Venustiano Carranza ( 1914 , 1915– May 7, 1920)
  - President Adolfo de la Huerta (May 7, 1920– November 30, 1920) (acting)
  - President Álvaro Obregón (December 1, 1920–1924)

Newfoundland
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor : Charles Alexander Harris (1917–1922)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Richard Squires (1919–1923, 1928–1932 )

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921)

Central America

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Francisco Aguilar Barquero (1919– May 8, 1920) ( Acting )

Dominican Republic (occupied by the USA 1916–1924)
- Head of State and Government: Military Governor Thomas Snowden (1919–1921)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Jorge Meléndez Ramírez (1919–1923)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (1898– April 15, 1920)
  - President Carlos Herrera y Luna (April 15, 1920–1921) (acting until September 15, 1920)

Haiti (occupied by the USA 1915–1934)
- Head of State and Government: President Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1915–1922)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Francisco Bográn (1919–1 February 1920) (acting)
  - President Rafael López Gutiérrez (February 1, 1920–1924)

Cuba
- Head of State and Government: President Mario García Menocal (1913–1921)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (1917–1921, 1926–1929 )

Panama
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Belisario Porras Barahona ( 1912–1916 , 1918–30 January 1920, 1920–1924 )
  - President Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre (January 30, 1920– October 1, 1920)
  - President Belisario Porras Barahona ( 1912–1916, 1918–1920 , October 1, 1920–1924)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922, 1928–1930 )

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President José Gutiérrez Guerra (1917– June 12, 1920)
  - President Bautista Saavedra Mallea (June 12, 1920–1925)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa (1919–1922)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Juan Luis Sanfuentes (1915– December 23, 1920)
  - President Arturo Alessandri (December 23, 1920–1924, 1925, 1932–1938 )

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno ( 1912 , 1916–1 September 1920, 1931–1932 )
  - President José Luis Tamayo (September 1, 1920–1924)
Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Marco Fidel Suárez (1918–1922)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
  - President José Pedro Montero (1919–15 August 1920) (acting)
  - President Manuel Gondra ( 1910–1911 , August 15, 1920–1921)

Peru
- Head of State: President Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo ( 1908–1912 , 1919–1930) (1904–1907 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Germán Leguía y Martínez Jakeway (1919–1922)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Baltasar Brum (1919–1923)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Victorino Márquez Bustillos (1914–1922) (acting)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan
- Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907–1926)

China
- Head of State: President Xu Shichang (1918–1922)
- Head of Government:
  - Premier of the State Council Jin Yunpeng (1919-14 May 1920)
  - Premier of the State Council Sa Zhenbing (May 14 - August 9, 1920)
  - Premier of the State Council Jin Yunpeng (August 9, 1920–1921)

British India
- Emperor : George V (1910–1936)
- Viceroy : Frederic Thesiger (1916–1921)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Yoshihito (1912–1926)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hara Takashi (1918–1921)

Nepal

Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901–1929)

Siam (today: Thailand)
- Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910–1925)

Middle East

Azerbaijan ( Democratic Republic , controversial, occupied from April )

Head of State: President Məhəmməd Əmin Rəsulzadə (1918 – April 1920)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Fätälikhan Hoylu (1918 – April 1920)

Persia (today: Iran)
- Head of State: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909–1925)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hassan Vosough al Dowleh (1918 – July 1920)
  - Prime Minister Hassan Pirnia Moshir al Dowleh (July – October 1920)
  - Prime Minister Fathollah Akbar Sepahdar (October 1920–1921)

Georgia (controversial, occupied from March 21)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Noe Schordania (1918–17 March 1921)

Yemen
- Ruler: Imam Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Ruler: Emir Amanullah Khan (1919–1929)

Mongolia (disputed)
- Head of State: Bogd Khan (1911-1924)
- Head of Government:?

Tibet (controversial)
- Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso (1913–1933)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor General:
    - Ronald Munro-Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar (1914– October 6, 1920)
    - Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster (October 6, 1920–1925)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Billy Hughes (1915-1923)

New Zealand
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor General:
    - Earl Arthur Foljambe (1912– July 8, 1920)
    - Admiral John Jellicoe, 1st Viscount Jellicoe (September 27, 1920-1924)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Massey (1912-1925)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the Provisional Government Turhan Pascha Përmeti (1918–28 January 1920) (1914 Prime Minister)
  - Chairman of the national government Sulejman Delvina (January 28, 1920– January 30, 1920) (Prime Minister in 1920)
  - Regency Council (January 30, 1920–1925)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sulejman Delvina (March 27, 1920– November 14, 1920) (1920 Chairman of the National Government)
  - Prime Minister Iliaz Vrioni (January 30, 1920– October 19, 1921, 1924, 1924–1925 )

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France :
    - Raymond Poincaré (1913-1920)
    - Paul Deschanel (1920)
    - Alexandre Millerand (1920-1924)
  - Bishop of Urgell :
    - Jaume Viladrich (1919–1920) (acting)
    - Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (1920–1940)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert I (1909–1934)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Léon Delacroix (1918-20 November 1920)
  - Prime Minister Henri Carton de Wiart (November 20, 1920–1921)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aleksandar Stambolijski (1919–1923)

Denmark
- Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Carl Theodor Zahle ( 1909–1910 , 1913–30 March 1920)
  - Prime Minister Otto Liebe (March 30, 1920– April 5, 1920)
  - Prime Minister Michael Pedersen Friis (April 5, 1920– May 5, 1920)
  - Prime Minister Niels Neergaard ( 1908–1909 , May 5, 1920–1924)

German Empire
- Head of State: President Friedrich Ebert (1919–1925)
- Head of Government:
  - Reich Chancellor Gustav Bauer (1919–26 March 1920)
  - Chancellor Hermann Müller (March 27 - June 8, 1920)
  - Imperial Chancellor Constantin Fehrenbach (June 25, 1920–1921)

Estonia
- Head of State: State Elder Ants Piip (December 21, 1920–1921) (Prime Minister 1920)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jaan Tõnisson (1919–18 July 1920, 1920 ) (1927–1928, 1933 State Elder)
  - Prime Minister Aadu Birk (July 28, 1920– July 30, 1920)
  - Prime Minister Jaan Tõnisson ( 1919–1920 , July 30, 1920– October 26, 1920) (1927–1928, 1933 State Elder)
  - Prime Minister Ants Piip (October 26, 1920– December 21, 1920) (1920–1921 State Elder)

Finland
- Head of State: President Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (1919–1925)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Juho Vennola (1919–15 March 1920, 1921–1922, 1931 )
  - Prime Minister Rafael Erich (March 15, 1920–1921)

France
- Head of State:
  - President Raymond Poincaré (1913–18 February 1920) (1912–1913, 1922–1924, 1926–1929 President of the Council of Ministers)
  - President Paul Deschanel (February 18, 1920– September 21, 1920)
  - President Alexandre Millerand (September 21, 1920–1924) (acting until September 23, 1920) (1920 President of the Council of Ministers)
- Head of Government:
  - President of the Council of Ministers Georges Clemenceau ( 1906–1909 , 1917–20 January 1920)
  - President of the Council of Ministers Alexandre Millerand (January 20, 1920– September 24, 1920) (President 1920–1924)
  - President of the Council of Ministers Georges Leygues (September 24, 1920–1921)

Greece
- Head of State:
  - King Alexander (1917– October 25, 1920)
  - Regent Pavlos Kountouriotis (October 28, 1920– November 18, 1920, 1923–1924 ) (1924–1925 Provisional State Governor; 1926–1926, 1926–1929 President)
  - Regent Queen Olga (November 18, 1920– December 11, 1920)
  - King Constantine I ( 1913–1917 , December 11, 1920–1922)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos ( 1910–1915, 1915, 1916–1917 , 1917–17 November 1920, 1924, 1928–1932, 1932, 1933 )
  - Prime Minister Dimitrios Rallis ( 1897, 1903, 1905, 1909 , November 17, 1920–1921)

Italy
- Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Francesco Saverio Nitti (1919–16 June 1920)
  - Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti ( 1892–1893, 1903–1905, 1906–1909, 1911–1914 , June 16, 1920–1921)

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia)
- Head of State: King Peter I (1918–1921)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ljubomir Davidović (1919–19 February 1920)
  - Prime Minister Stojan Protić ( 1918–1919 , February 19, 1920– May 16, 1920)
  - Prime Minister Milenko Vesnić (May 16, 1920–1921)

Latvia
- Head of State: President of the Constitutional Assembly Jānis Čakste (1918–1925, 1925–1927 ) (until May 1, 1920 Chairman of the Latvian People's Council)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis ( 1918–1919 , 1919–1921, 1925–1926, 1931, 1934–1940 ) (1936–1940 President)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State and Government: Prince Johann II. (1858–1929)

Lithuania
- Head of State:
  - President Antanas Smetona (1918-19 June 1920, 1926-1940 )
  - President Aleksandras Stulginskis (June 19, 1920–1926, 1926 ) (acting until 1922)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ernestas Galvanauskas (1919-19 June 1920, 1922-1924 )
  - Prime Minister Kazys Grinius (June 19, 1920–1922) (President 1926)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Émile Reuter (1918–1925)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince Albert I (1889–1922)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Raymond Le Bourdon (1919–1923)

Neutral Moresnet (1918–1920 under Belgian administration, falls to Belgium in 1920)
- Head of State: King of Belgium Albert I ( 1909–1915 , 1918–1920)
  - Commissioner : Fernand Bleyfuesz ( 1889–1915 , 1918–1920)
- Mayor : Pierre Grignard (1918–1920)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (1918–1925, 1929–1933 )

Norway
- Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen ( 1908–1910 , 1913–21 June 1920)
  - Prime Minister Otto Bahr Halvorsen (June 21, 1920–1921, 1923 )

Ottoman Empire (today: Turkey )
- Ruler: Sultan Mehmed VI. (1918–1922)

Austria

Head of State:

President of the State Council Directorate Karl Seitz (1919–9 December 1920)

Federal President Michael Hainisch (December 9, 1920–1928)

Head of Government:

State Chancellor Karl Renner (1918–7 July 1920)

State Chancellor Michael Mayr (July 7, 1920–1921, Federal Chancellor from November 20 )

Poland
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Leopold Skulski (1919–9 June 1920)
  - Prime Minister Władysław Grabski (June 9 - July 24, 1920)
  - Prime Minister Wincenty Witos (July 24, 1920–1921)

Portugal
- Head of State: President António José de Almeida (1919–1923)
- Head of Government:
  - General Alfredo de Sá Cardoso (1919–21 January 1920)
  - (officiating) Domingos Leite Pereira (January 21 - March 8, 1920)
  - General António Maria Baptista (March 8 - June 6, 1920)
  - (incumbent) José Ramos Preto (June 6 - June 26, 1920)
  - (officiating) António Maria da Silva (June 26 - July 19, 1920)
  - (officiating) António Joaquim Granjo (July 19 - November 20, 1920)
  - General Álvaro Xavier de Castro (November 20 - November 30, 1920)
  - General Liberato Ribeiro Pinto (November 30, 1920–1921)

Romania
- Head of State: King Ferdinand I (1914–1927)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1919-19 March 1920)
  - Prime Minister Alexandru Averescu (March 19, 1920–1921)

Russia
- Head of State: Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (since 1919, December 30, 1922: establishment of the Soviet Union)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1917–1924, December 30, 1922: establishment of the Soviet Union)

San Marino
- Capitani Reggenti :
  - Moro Morri ( 1911, 1915 , 1919– April 1, 1920) and Francesco Pasquali ( 1907, 1912 , 1919– April 1, 1920, 1928 )
  - Marino Rossi (April 1, 1920– October 1, 1920, 1927–1928, 1934, 1937–1938 ) and Ciro Francini ( 1916 , April 1, 1920– October 1, 1920)
  - Carlo Balsimelli (October 1, 1920–1921, 1933–1934, 1938–1939, 1942–1943 ) and Simone Michelotti (October 1, 1920–1921)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nils Edén (1917-27 October 1920)
  - Prime Minister Gerhard Louis De Geer (October 27, 1920–1921)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Giuseppe Motta ( 1915 , 1920, 1927, 1932, 1937 )
- Federal Council :
  - Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
  - Edmund Schulthess (1912-1935)
  - Felix Calonder (1913–12 February 1920)
  - Robert Haab (1918–1929)
  - Ernest Chuard (January 1, 1920–1928)
  - Jean-Marie Musy (January 1, 1920–1934)
  - Karl Scheurer (January 1, 1920–1929)
  - Heinrich Häberlin (February 12, 1920–1934)

Spain
- Head of State: King Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Manuel Allendesalazar Muñoz de Salazar (1919–5 May 1920)
  - District President Eduardo Dato Iradier (May 5, 1920–1921)

Czechoslovakia
- Head of State: President Tomáš Masaryk (1918–1935)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vlastimil Tusar (1919-15 September 1920)
  - Prime Minister Jan Černý (September 15, 1920–1921)

Ukraine (controversial, occupied)
- Head of State and Government: President Symon Petljura (1919–1922)

Hungary
- Head of State:
  - (incumbent) Prime Minister Károly Huszár (1919–1 March 1920)
  - Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy (March 1, 1920–1944)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Károly Huszár (1919-14 March 1920)
  - Prime Minister Sándor Simonyi-Semadam (March 14 - July 19, 1920)
  - Prime Minister Count Pál Teleki (July 19, 1920–1921)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Earl David Lloyd George (1916–1922)

Belarus (controversial, occupied)
- Head of State or Government:?

Individual evidence

↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[1] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares