List of Heads of State 1917

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Africa

Egypt (British Protectorate 1914–1936)
- Head of State:
  - Sultan Hussein Kamil (1914– October 9, 1917)
  - Sultan Fuad I (October 9, 1917–1936) (King from 1922)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hussein Rushdi Pascha (1914–1919)

Ethiopia
- Head of State and Government: Empress Zauditu (1916–1930)
  - Regent: Ras Tafari Makonnen (1916–1930) (1930–1974 Emperor)

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Daniel E. Howard (1912–1920)

South Africa
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor General : Sydney Buxton, 1st Viscount Buxton (1914–1920)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Louis Botha (1910–1919) (1907–1910 Prime Minister of the Transvaal)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor General : Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1916–1921)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Borden (1911–1920)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Venustiano Carranza ( 1914 , 1915–1920)

Newfoundland
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  - Governor :
    - Walter Edward Davidson (1913 – October 1917)
    - Charles Alexander Harris (October 1917–1922)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Edward Morris (1909–31 December 1917)
  - Prime Minister William Frederick Lloyd (December 31, 1917-1919) (provisional until 1918)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921)

Central America

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Alfredo González Flores (1914– January 27, 1917)
  - President Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados (January 27, 1917-1919)

Dominican Republic (occupied by the USA 1916–1924)
- Head of State and Government: Military Governor Harry Shepard Knapp (1916–1918)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Meléndez ( 1913–1914 , 1915–1918)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (1898–1920)

Haiti (occupied by the USA 1915–1934)
- Head of State and Government: President Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1915–1922)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco Bertrand ( 1911–1912 , 1913–1919)

Cuba
- Head of State and Government: President Mario García Menocal (1913–1921)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Adolfo Díaz (1911–1 January 1917, 1926–1929 )
  - President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (January 1, 1917–1921, 1926–1929 )

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Ramón Maximiliano Valdés (1916–1918)

South America

- Head of State and Government: President Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922, 1928–1930 )

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ismael Montes Gamboa ( 1904–1909 , 1913– August 15, 1917)
  - President José Gutiérrez Guerra (August 15, 1917–1920)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Venceslau Brás (1914–1918)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Luis Sanfuentes (1915–1920)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno ( 1912 , 1916–1920, 1931–1932 )

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President José Vicente Concha (1914–1918)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Franco (1916–1919)

Peru
- Head of State: President José Pardo y Barreda ( 1904–1908 , 1915–1919) (1903–1904 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Enrique de la Riva-Agüero y Looz Corswaren ( 1899-1900 , 1915-27 July 1917)
  - Prime Minister Francisco Tudela y Varela (July 27, 1917–1918)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Feliciano Viera (1915-1919)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Victorino Márquez Bustillos (1914–1922) (acting)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan
- Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907–1926)

China
- Head of State:
  - President Li Yuanhong (1916– July 1, 1917)
  - Emperor Puyi (July 1 - July 12, 1917)
  - President Li Yuanhong (July 12-July 17, 1917)
  - President Feng Kuo-chang (July 17, 1917–1918)
- Head of Government:
  - Premier of the State Council Duan Qirui (1916-23 May 1917)
  - (incumbent) Wu Tingfang (May 23 - May 28, 1917)
  - State Councilor Li Jingxi (May 28 – July 1, 1917)
  - Prime Minister Chang Hsün (July 1 - July 17, 1917)
  - Premier of the State Council Duan Qirui (July 17 - November 22, 1917)
  - (incumbent) Wang Daxie (November 22 - November 30, 1917)
  - (incumbent) Wang Shizhen (November 30, 1917–1918)

British India
- Emperor : George V (1910–1936)
- Viceroy : Frederic Thesiger (1916–1921)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Yoshihito (1912–1926)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake (1916–1918)

Nepal

Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901–1929)

Siam (today: Thailand)
- Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910–1925)

Middle East

Persia (today: Iran)
- Head of State: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909–1925)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hassan Vosough al-Dowleh (1916-5 June 1917)
  - Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Khan Ala al-Saltaneh (1917)
  - Prime Minister Abdol Madschid Mirza Eyn-al-Dowleh (1917–1918)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Mongolia (disputed)

Head of State: Bogd Khan (1911-1924)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sain Nojon Khan Shirindambyn Namnansüren (1912–1919)

Tibet (controversial)
- Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso (1913–1933)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Governor General: Viscount Ronald Munro-Ferguson (1914–1920)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Billy Hughes (1915-1923)

New Zealand
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Governor: Earl Arthur Foljambe (1912–1920, Governor General from June 28 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Massey (1912-1925)

Europe

Albania (occupied 1916–1918)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : Raymond Poincaré (1913–1920)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Juan Benlloch y Vivó (1907-1919)

Belgium (occupied by Germany 1914–1918)
- Head of State: King Albert I (1909–1934)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Baron de Broqueville (1911–1918, 1932–1934 ) (1914–1918 in exile)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: Tsar Ferdinand I (1887–1918) (until 1908 Prince)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wassil Radoslawow ( 1886–1887 , 1913–1918)

Denmark
- Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carl Theodor Zahle ( 1909–1910 , 1913–1920)

German Empire
- Kaiser : Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
  - Imperial Chancellor : Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1909–1917)
  - Reich Chancellor : Georg Michaelis (July 14, 1917 - November 1, 1917)
  - Chancellor : Georg Graf von Hertling (1917–1918)
- Stop
  - Duke : Friedrich II. (1904–1918)
    - Minister of State: Ernst von Laue (1910–1918)
- to bathe
  - Grand Duke : Friedrich II. (1907–1918)
    - Minister of State: Alexander von Dusch (1905–1917)
    - Minister of State: Heinrich Freiherr von und zu Bodman (1917–1918)
- Bavaria
  - King : Ludwig III. (1913-1918)
    - - Chairman of the Council of Ministers : Georg Freiherr von Hertling (1912–1917)
      - Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Otto Ritter von Dandl (1917–1918)
- Braunschweig
  - Duke : Ernst August (1913–1918)
- Bremen
  - Mayor : Clemens Carl Buff (1915) (1917)
- Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
  - Imperial governor: Johann von Dallwitz (1914–1918)
    - State Secretary of the Ministry for Alsace-Lorraine : Georg Freiherr von Tschammer and Quaritz (1916–1918)
- Hamburg
  - First Mayor : Max Predöhl (1910–1911) (1914) (1917)
- Hessen-Darmstadt
  - Grand Duke : Ernst Ludwig (1892–1918)
    - President of the entire ministry : Christian von Ewald (1906–1918)
- lip
  - Prince : Leopold IV. (1905–1918)
- Lübeck
  - Mayor : Emil Ferdinand Fehling (1917–1920)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  - Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz IV. (1897–1918)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  - Grand Duke : Adolf Friedrich VI. (1914-1918)
- Oldenburg
  - Grand Duke : Friedrich August II. (1900–1918)
    - Minister of State : Franz Friedrich Paul Ruhstrat (1916–1918)
- Prussia
  - King : Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
    - Prime Minister : Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1909–1917)
    - Prime Minister: Georg Michaelis (July 14, 1917 - November 1, 1917)
    - Prime Minister: Georg Graf von Hertling (1917–1918)
- Reuss older line
  - Prince : Heinrich XXIV. (1902–1918)
    - Regent: Heinrich XXVII. (Reuss younger line) (1908–1918)
- Reuss younger line
  - Prince : Heinrich XXVII. (Reuss younger line) (1913-1918)
- Saxony
  - King : Friedrich August III. (1904-1918)
    - Chairman of the entire ministry : Heinrich Gustav Beck (1914–1918)
- Saxony-Altenburg
  - Duke : Ernst II (1908–1918)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  - Duke : Carl Eduard (Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) (1900-1918)
- Saxony-Meiningen
  - Duke : Bernhard III. (1914-1918)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  - Grand Duke : Wilhelm Ernst (1901–1918)
- Schaumburg-Lippe
  - Prince : Adolf II (1911–1918)
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  - Prince : Günther Victor (1890–1918)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (from 1909 in personal union with Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt)
  - Prince : Günther Victor (1909–1918)
- Waldeck and Pyrmont (administered by Prussia since January 1, 1868)
  - Prince : Friedrich (1893–1918)
- Württemberg
  - King : Wilhelm II. (1891-1918)
    - President of the State Ministry : Karl von Weizsäcker (1906–1918)

Finland
Head of Government: State Protector Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (November 27, 1917–1918)

France
- Head of State: President Raymond Poincaré (1913–1920)
- Head of Government:
  - President of the Council of Ministers Aristide Briand (1915–20 March 1917)
  - President of the Council of Ministers Alexandre Ribot (March 20 - September 12, 1917)
  - President of the Council of Ministers Paul Painlevé (September 12 - November 16, 1917)
  - President of the Council of Ministers Georges Clemenceau (November 16, 1917–1920)

Greece
- Head of State:
  - King Constantine I (1913–11 June 1917)
  - King Alexander I (June 11, 1917–1920)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Spyridon Lambros (1916–5 February 1917)
  - Prime Minister Alexandros Zaimis (February 5 - June 27, 1917)
  - Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos (June 27, 1917–1920)

Italy
- Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
- Head of Government:
  - President of the Council of Ministers Paolo Boselli (1916–29 October 1917)
  - President of the Council of Ministers Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (October 29, 1917-1919)

Liechtenstein
- Ruler: Prince Johann II (1858–1929)

Luxembourg (occupied)
- Head of State: Grand Duchess Maria-Adelheid (1912–1919)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Victor Thorn (1916–1917)
  - District President Léon Kauffman (1917–1918)

Monaco
- Prince : Albert I (1889–1922)
  - Minister of State: Émile Flach (1911 – December 1917)

Montenegro ( occupied )
- Head of State: King Nikola I. Petrović-Njegoš (1860–1918) ( Prince until 1910 )
- Military Governor General :
  - General Viktor Weber Edler von Webenau (1916-10 July 1917)
  - Major General Heinrich Graf Clam-Martinic (July 10, 1917–1918)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Andrija Radovic (1916–17 January 1917)
  - Prime Minister Milo Matanovic (January 17 - June 11, 1917)
  - Prime Minister Evgenije Popovic (June 11, 1917–1918)

Neutral Moresnet (1915-1918 under Prussian administration)
- Head of State: King of Prussia Wilhelm II (1888–1918)
  - Commissioner : Walter The Losen (1909–1918)
- Mayor : Wilhelm Kyll (1915–1918)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pieter Cort van der Linden (1913–1918)

Norway
- Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen (1913–1920)

Ottoman Empire (today: Turkey)
- Ruler: Sultan Mehmed V (1909–1918)

Austria-Hungary
- Head of State: Emperor Karl I (1916–1918)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Heinrich Graf von Clam-Martinic (1916–23 June 1917)
  - Prime Minister Ernst Ritter Seidler von Feuchtenegg (June 23, 1917–1918)

Portugal
- Head of State: (provisional) President Bernardino Machado (1915–5 December 1917)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister António José de Almeida (1916-25 April 1917)
  - Prime Minister Afonso Augusto da Costa (April 25 - December 8, 1917)
  - General Sidónio Pais (December 8, 1917–1918)

Romania
- Head of State: King Ferdinand I (1914–1927)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ion IC Brătianu (1914–1918)

Russia
- Head of State:
  - Tsar Nicholas II (1894– March 15, 1917)
  - Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Lev Borisovich Kamenev (November 9 - November 21, 1917)
  - Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (November 21, 1917-1919)
- Head of Government:
  - Tsar Nicholas II (1894– March 15, 1917)
  - (provisional) Prime Minister Prince Georgi Evgenjewitsch Lwow (March 23 - July 21, 1917)
  - (provisional) Prime Minister Alexander Fyodorowitsch Kerensky (July 21 - October 26, 1917 of the old Russian calendar = November 8, 1917)
  - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (November 9, 1917–1924)

San Marino
- Capitani Reggenti :
  - Gustavo Babboni ( 1904–1905, 1908, 1912 , 1916–1 April 1917) and Giovanni Arzilli ( 1906–1907, 1910 , 1916–1 April 1917)
  - Egisto Morri (April 1, 1917– October 1, 1917, 1921–1922 ) and Vincenzo Marcucci ( 1912–1913 , April 1, 1917– October 1, 1917)
  - Angelo Manzoni Borghesi ( 1911–1912 , October 1, 1917–1918, 1924, 1931, 1934–1935, 1940 ) and Giuseppe Balducci (October 1, 1917–1918, 1922–1923 )

Sweden
- Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1914-30 March 1917)
  - Prime Minister Carl Swartz (March 30 - October 19, 1917)
  - Prime Minister Nils Edén (October 19, 1917–1920)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Edmund Schulthess (1917, 1921, 1928, 1933 )
- Federal Council :
  - Eduard Müller (1895-1919)
  - Ludwig Forrer (1903–31 December 1917)
  - Arthur Hoffmann (1911-19 June 1917)
  - Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
  - Camille Decoppet (1912-1919)
  - Edmund Schulthess (1912-1935)
  - Felix Calonder (1913-1920)
  - Gustave Ador (June 26, 1917-1919)

Serbia (occupied)
- Head of State: King Peter I (1903-1918)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Pašić (1912–1918)

Spain
- Head of State: King Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Álvaro Figueroa Torres (1915-19 April 1917)
  - District President Manuel García Prieto (April 19 - June 11, 1917)
  - District President Eduardo Dato Iradier (June 11th - November 3rd, 1917)
  - District President Manuel García Prieto (November 4, 1917–1918)

Ukraine
- Head of State and Government: President Mychajlo Hruschewskyj (March 27, 1917–1918)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Earl David Lloyd George (1916–1922)

Individual evidence

↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[1] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares