List of Heads of State 1929

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Africa

• Egypt (British Protectorate 1914–1936)
  • Head of State: King Fuad I (1917–1936) (Sultan until 1922)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha (1928–4 October 1929, 1937–1939 )
    • Prime Minister Adli Yakan Pascha ( 1921–1922, 1926–1927 , October 4, 1929–1930)
  • British High Commissioner :
    • George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd (1925–8 August 1929)
    • Percy Lyham Loraine (August 8, 1929-1933)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State and Government: Empress Zauditu (1916–1930)
    • Regent: Ras Tafari Makonnen (1916–1930) (1930–1974 Emperor)

• Liberia
  • Head of State and Government: President Charles DB King (1920–1930)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor General : Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1924–1931)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister J.BM Hertzog (1924–1939)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor General : Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Viscount Willingdon (1926–1931) (1931–1936 Viceroy of India)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King ( 1921–1926 , 1926–1930, 1935–1948 )

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Emilio Portes Gil (1928–1930)

• Newfoundland
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
    • Governor : John Middleton (1928–1932)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Richard Squires ( 1919–1923 , 1928–1932)

• United States of America
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Calvin Coolidge (1923– March 4, 1929)
    • Herbert Hoover (March 4, 1929–1933)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Cleto González Víquez ( 1960–1910 , 1928–1932)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Horacio Vásquez ( 1899, 1902–1903 , 1924–1930)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Pío Romero Bosque (1927–1931)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Lázaro Chacón González (1926–1931)

• Haiti (occupied by the USA 1915–1934)
  • Head of State and Government: President Louis Bornó (1922–1930)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Miguel Paz Barahona (1925– February 1, 1929)
    • President Vicente Mejía Colindres ( 1919 , February 1, 1929–1933)

• Cuba
  • Head of State and Government: President Gerardo Machado (1925–1933)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Adolfo Díaz ( 1911–1917 , 1926–1 January 1929)
    • President José María Moncada Tapia (January 1, 1929–1933)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government: President Florencio Harmodio Arosemena (1928–1931)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Hipólito Yrigoyen ( 1916–1920 , 1928–1930)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President Hernando Siles Reyes (1926–1930)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (1926–1930)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1927–1931, 1952–1958 )

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government: President Isidro Ayora (1926–1931)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Miguel Abadia Méndez (1926–1930)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President José Patricio Guggiari (1928–1932)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo ( 1908–1912 , 1919–1930) (1904–1907 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Pedro José Rada y Gamio (1926–12 October 1929)
    • Prime Minister Benjamín Huamán de los Heros (October 12th –1930)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Campisteguy (1927–1931)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Juan Vicente Gómez ( 1909–1910, 1910–1914 , 1922– April 19, 1929, 1931–1935 )
    • President Juan Bautista Pérez (April 19, 1929–1931)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

• China
  • Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Chiang Kai-shek (1928–1931, 1943–1948)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Executive Yuan Tan Yankai (1928–1930)

• British India
  • Emperor : George V (1910–1936)
  • Viceroy : Edward Frederick Lindley Wood (1926–1931)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi (1927–2 July 1929)
    • Prime Minister Hamaguchi Osachi (July 2, 1929–1931)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1950, 1952/53)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901–1929)
    • Prime Minister Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1929–1932)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Ruler: King Prajadhipok (1925–1935)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Faisal I (1921–1933)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Abd al-Muhsin as-Sa'dun (1922/1923, 1925/1926, 1928–20 January 1929 ...)
    • Prime Minister Tawfiq as-Suwaidi (April 28 - August 25, 1929 ...)
    • Prime Minister Abd al-Muhsin as-Sa'dun (... September 19 - November 13, 1929)
    • Prime Minister Tawfiq al-Suwaidi (November 18, 1929–1930, 1946, 1950)

• North Yemen
  • Ruler: King Yahya bin Muhammad (1904–1948)

• Persia (today: Iran)
  • Head of State: Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925–1941)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mehdi Qoli Khan Hedayat (Mokhber-ol Saltaneh) (1927–1933)

• Transjordan (today: Jordan )
  • Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Ruler:
    • King Amanullah Khan (1919–1929)
    • King Inayatullah Khan (1929)
    • King Mohammed Nadir Shah (1929–1933)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State:
    • Chairman of the Presidium of the Small State Chural Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren (1927–23 January 1929)
    • Chairman of the Presidium of the Small State Choral Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (January 24, 1929–1930)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Anandyn Amar (1928–1930, 1936–1939)

• Tibet
  • Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso (1878–1933)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Governor: Governor General John Lawrence Baird, 1st Baron Stonehaven (1925–1930)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Stanley Melbourne Bruce (1923-22 October 1929)
    • Prime Minister James Scullin (October 22, 1929–1932)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Governor: Governor General Charles Fergusson (1924–1930)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Ward (1906–1912, 1928–1930)

Europe

• Albania
  • Head of State: King Ahmet Zogu (1925–1939, 1943–1946 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kostaq Kota (1928–1930, 1936–1939 )

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Gaston Doumergue (1924–1931)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (1920–1940)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Albert I (1909–1934)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Henri Jaspar (1926–1931)

• Bulgaria
  • Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrei Lyaptschew (1926–1931)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Thomas Madsen-Mygdal (1926–28 April 1929)
    • Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ( 1924–1926 , April 28, 1929–1942)

• German Empire
  • Head of State: President Paul von Hindenburg (1925–1934)
  • Head of Government: Chancellor Hermann Müller (1928–1930)

• Estonia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • State Elder August Rei ( 1919–1920 , 1928–9 July 1929)
    • State Elder Otto August Strandman (July 9, 1929–1931)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Lauri Kristian Relander (1925–1931)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Oskari Mantere (1928–16 August 1929)
    • Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio ( 1922–1924, 1925–1926 , August 16, 1929–1930, 1936–1937 ) (President 1937–1940)

• France
  • Head of State: President Gaston Doumergue (1924–1931) (1913–1914, 1934–1944 President of the Council of Ministers)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Raymond Poincaré ( 1912–1913, 1922–1924 , 1926–29 July 1929) (1913–1920 President)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Aristide Briand ( 1909–1911, 1913, 1915–1917, 1921–1922, 1925–1926 , July 29, 1929– November 3, 1929)
    • President of the Council of Ministers André Tardieu (November 3, 1929–1930, 1930, 1932 ) (1932 President)

• Greece
  • Head of State:
    • President Pavlos Kountouriotis ( 1924–1926 , 1926–10 December 1929) (1920 regent)
    • President Alexandros Zaimis (December 10, 1929–1935) (1897–1899, 1901–1902, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1926–1928 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos ( 1910–1915, 1915, 1916–1917, 1917–1920, 1924–1924 , 1928–1932, 1932, 1933 )

• Ireland
  • Head of State: King George V (1922–1936)
    • Governor General James McNeill (1928–1932)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Thomas Cosgrave (1922–1932)

• Italy
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
  • Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)

• Yugoslavia (until October 3, 1929 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes)
  • Head of State: King Alexander I (1921–1934)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Anton Korošec (1928–7 January 1929)
    • Prime Minister Petar Živković (January 7, 1929–1932)

• Latvia
  • Head of State: President Gustavs Zemgals (1927–1930)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hugo Celmiņš ( 1924–1925 , 1928–1931)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State:
    • Prince Johann II (1858–11 February 1929)
    • Prince Franz I (February 11, 1929–1938)
  • Head of Government Josef Hoop (1928–1945)

• Lithuania
  • Head of State: President Antanas Smetona ( 1918–1920 , 1926–1940)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras ( 1918 , 1926-23 September 1929)
    • Prime Minister Juozas Tūbelis (23 September 1929–1938)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Joseph Bech (1926–1937, 1953–1958 )

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Maurice Piette (1923–1932)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Dirk Jan de Geer (1926–10 August 1929, 1939–1940 )
    • Prime Minister Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck ( 1918–1925 , August 10, 1929–1933)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Ludwig Mowinckel ( 1924–1926 , 1928–1931, 1933–1935 )

• Austria
  • Head of State: Federal President Wilhelm Miklas (1928–1938)
  • Head of Government:
    • Federal Chancellor Ignaz Seipel (1926–1929)
    • Federal Chancellor Ernst Streeruwitz (1929)
    • Federal Chancellor Johann Schober (1921/1922, 1922, 1929–1930)

• Poland
  • Head of State: President Ignacy Mościcki (1926–1939)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Kazimierz Bartel (1926, 1928 – April 1929 ...)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Kazimierz Świtalski (April – December 1929)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Kazimierz Bartel (December 1929–1930)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona (1926–1951)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister: José Vicente de Freitas (1928–8 July 1929)
    • Prime Minister: Artur Ivens Ferraz (July 8, 1929–1930)

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Michael I (1927–1930, 1940–1947)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Iuliu Maniu (1928–1930)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Francesco Morri ( 1918–1919, 1924–1925 , 1928–1 April 1929, 1933, 1936–1937 ) and Melchiorre Filippi (1928–1 April 1929, 1933–1934 )
    • Girolamo Gozi ( 1924–1925 , April 1, 1929– October 1, 1929) and Filippo Mularoni ( 1923 , April 1, 1929– October 1, 1929, 1940 )
    • Ezio Balducci (October 1, 1929–1930) and Aldo Busignani (October 1, 1929–1930)

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Arvid Lindman (1928–1930)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Robert Haab ( 1922 , 1929)
  • Federal Council :
    • Giuseppe Motta (1911-1940)
    • Edmund Schulthess (1912-1935)
    • Robert Haab (1918–31 December 1929)
    • Jean-Marie Musy (1920-1934)
    • Karl Scheurer (1920–14 November 1929)
    • Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934)
    • Marcel Pilet-Golaz (January 1, 1929–1944)

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1919–1938)
  • Head of Government: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Josef Stalin (1922–1953)

• Spain
  • Head of State: King Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
  • Head of Government: District President Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja (1923–1930)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Head of State: President Tomáš Masaryk (1918–1935)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Antonín Švehla ( 1922–1926 , 1926–1 February 1929)
    • Prime Minister František Udržal (February 1, 1929–1932)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Mustafa Kemal (1923–1938)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister İsmet İnönü (1923–1924, 1925–1937, 1961–1965)

• Hungary
  • Head of State: Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister István Bethlen (1921–1931)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XI. (February 11, 1929-1939)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: King George V (1910–1936)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin (1923/1924, 1924 – June 1929, 1935–1937)
    • Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald (1924; June 5, 1929–1935)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares