Modal split

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Mode of transport in the city of Münster

Allocation of Space for Transport Infrastructure - Example of Berlin.png

In the traffic statistics, the modal split is the distribution of the transport volume between different modes of transport . Another common name in passenger transport is choice of mode of transport . The modal split describes the mobility behavior of people; it depends, among other things, on the transport offer and economic decisions of companies. The modal split is determined partly through surveys and partly through traffic counts. Therefore, the respective figures are not always comparable.

Comparison of the modal split

The following tables show - depending on the source - the modal split of daily commuter traffic , but also partly the total traffic of the resident population or only the total share of so-called domestic traffic . Some data are based on the Urban Audit . Due to rounding errors, the sum of the percentages does not always result in 100% (e.g. in Berlin).

cities in Germany

country city on foot bicycle Public transport Vehicle year
BerlinBerlin Berlin 30% 18% 27% 26% 2018
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Bonn 29% 12% 14% 46% 2008
BremenBremen Bremen 25% 25% 15% 36% 2018
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Dortmund 19% 10% 22% 49% 2019
SaxonySaxony Dresden 26% 18% 20% 36% 2018
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Dusseldorf 29% 12% 19% 40% 2013
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia eat 19% 7% 19% 55% 2019
HesseHesse Frankfurt am Main 30% 13% 22% 35% 2013
Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Freiburg in Breisgau 29% 34% 16% 21% 2017
HamburgHamburg Hamburg 27% 15% 22% 36% 2017
Lower SaxonyLower Saxony Hanover 26% 19% 19% 36% 2017
Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Karlsruhe 24% 25% 17% 34% 2012
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Cologne 25% 19% 21% 35% 2017
SaxonySaxony Leipzig 29% 15% 17% 38% 2013
Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate Mainz 22% 17% 22% 39% 2016
Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Mannheim 34% 15% 16% 35% 2010
BavariaBavaria Munich 24% 18% 24% 34% 2017
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Muenster 22% 39% 10% 29% 2013
BavariaBavaria Nuremberg 24% 14% 23% 39% 2019
Lower SaxonyLower Saxony Oldenburg 9% 43% 5% 43% 2010
Lower SaxonyLower Saxony Osnabrück 19% 12% 16% 53% 2010
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Paderborn 17% 15% 10% 58% 2013
Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Stuttgart 26% 5% 24% 45% 2010
HesseHesse Wiesbaden 28% 6% 16% 49% 2018

Cities in Austria

country city on foot bicycle Public transport Vehicle year
StyriaStyria Graz 19% 14% 20% 47% 2013
Upper AustriaUpper Austria Linz 22% 7% 21% 49% 2012
ViennaVienna Vienna 26% 7% 39% 28% 2014
State of SalzburgState of Salzburg Salzburg city 20% 20% 15% 44% 2012
CarinthiaCarinthia Klagenfurt 11% 17% 6% 66% 2011
TyrolTyrol innsbruck 27% 13% 17% 42% 2011

Cities worldwide with over 1 million inhabitants

country city on foot bicycle Public transport Vehicle year
AustraliaAustralia Adelaide 3% 1 % 11% 85% 2016
New ZealandNew Zealand Auckland 3% 1 % 6% 89% 2009–2012
SpainSpain Barcelona 40% 2% 33% 25% 2012
United KingdomUnited Kingdom Birmingham 1 % 1 % 25% 66% 2001
China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Beijing 21% 32% 26% 21% 2005/2011
GermanyGermany Berlin 30% 18% 27% 26% 2018
AustraliaAustralia Brisbane 4% 1 % 14% 81% 2016
ColombiaColombia Bogotá 15% 2% 64% 19% 2008
HungaryHungary Budapest 32% 1 % 47% 20% 2011
United StatesUnited States Chicago 3% 1 % 13% 77% 2016
United StatesUnited States Dallas 1 % 0% 2% 90% 2016
IndiaIndia Delhi 21% 12% 48% 19% 2008/2011
GermanyGermany Hamburg 28% 12% 18% 42% 2008
United StatesUnited States Houston 2% 0% 4% 91% 2016
GermanyGermany Cologne 25% 19% 21% 35% 2017
United KingdomUnited Kingdom London 21% 2% 44% 34% 2011
United StatesUnited States los Angeles 3% 1 % 5% 85% 2016
SpainSpain Madrid 36% 0% 34% 30% 2006
AustraliaAustralia Melbourne 4% 2% 19% 76% 2016
IndiaIndia Mumbai 27% 6% 52% 15% 2008/2011
GermanyGermany Munich 24% 18% 24% 34% 2017
United StatesUnited States New York City 6% 1 % 33% 55% 2016
JapanJapan Osaka 27% 0% 34% 39% 2000
FranceFrance Paris 61% 3% 27% 9% 2010
AustraliaAustralia Perth 3% 1 % 12% 84% 2016
United StatesUnited States Philadelphia 4% 1 % 12% 80% 2016
United StatesUnited States Phoenix 2% 1 % 2% 87% 2016
Czech RepublicCzech Republic Prague 23% 1 % 43% 33% 2009
ItalyItaly Rome 4% 1 % 29% 66% 2014
United StatesUnited States San Antonio 2% 0% 3% 90% 2016
United StatesUnited States San Diego 3% 1 % 3% 85% 2016
United StatesUnited States San Francisco 5% 2% 20% 64% 2016
United StatesUnited States San Jose 2% 5% 5% 84% 2016
United StatesUnited States Seattle 4% 1 % 10% 77% 2016
China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Shanghai 27% 20% 33% 20% 2009/2011
SingaporeSingapore Singapore 22% 1 % 44% 33% 2011
AustraliaAustralia Sydney 5% 1 % 27% 67% 2006
TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) Taipei 15% 4% 33% 48% 2009/2010
JapanJapan Tokyo 23% 14% 51% 12% 2008/2009
CanadaCanada Toronto 7% 2% 34% 56% 2006
AustriaAustria Vienna 26% 7% 39% 28% 2014
PolandPoland Warsaw 5% 1 % 60% 34% 2009

Cities worldwide with over 500,000 inhabitants

country city on foot bicycle Public transport Vehicle year
NetherlandsNetherlands Amsterdam 4% 38% 30% 28% 2010
United StatesUnited States Boston 14% 2% 35% 45% 2009
GermanyGermany Bremen 25% 23% 16% 36% 2013
NetherlandsNetherlands The hague 20% 19% 16% 46% 2008
GermanyGermany Dortmund 19% 10% 22% 49% 2019
GermanyGermany Dresden 27% 12% 22% 39% 2013
GermanyGermany Dusseldorf 29% 12% 19% 40% 2013
GermanyGermany eat 19% 7% 19% 55% 2019
GermanyGermany Frankfurt am Main 30% 13% 22% 35% 2013
SwedenSweden Gothenburg 20% 7% 29% 44% 2018
GermanyGermany Hanover 26% 19% 19% 36% 2017
FinlandFinland Helsinki 32% 11% 34% 23% 2013
United StatesUnited States Indianapolis 2% 1 % 2% 92% 2009
DenmarkDenmark Copenhagen 17% 30% 20% 33% 2014
United StatesUnited States Las Vegas 3% 0% 3% 89% 2009
GermanyGermany Leipzig 29% 15% 17% 38% 2013
PortugalPortugal Lisbon 10% 0% 46% 40% 2001
SpainSpain Málaga 38% 1 % 12% 49% 2008
ItalyItaly Naples 13% 0% 26% 60% 2001
GermanyGermany Nuremberg 24% 14% 23% 39% 2019
CanadaCanada Ottawa 10% 2% 14% 72% 2011
ItalyItaly Palermo 12% 1 % 9% 78% 2015
United StatesUnited States Portland 6% 6% 12% 70% 2009
NetherlandsNetherlands Rotterdam 18% 16% 17% 49% 2008
SwedenSweden Stockholm 14% 7% 47% 32% 2011
United StatesUnited States San Francisco 10% 3% 32% 46% 2009
SpainSpain Zaragoza 17% 0% 29% 54% 2004
United StatesUnited States Seattle 8th % 3% 20% 63% 2009
SpainSpain Seville 13% 6% 15% 64% 2012
GermanyGermany Stuttgart 26% 5% 24% 45% 2010
ItalyItaly Turin 29% 2% 23% 43% 2013
SpainSpain Valencia 41% 4% 23% 32% 2012
LithuaniaLithuania Vilnius 36% 0% 26% 38% 2011
United StatesUnited States Washington, DC 11% 2% 37% 43% 2009

Cities worldwide with over 100,000 inhabitants

country city on foot bicycle Public transport Vehicle year
DenmarkDenmark Aarhus 7% 27% 19% 43% 2004
SpainSpain Alicante 18% 0% 13% 69% 2004
ItalyItaly Bari 13% 1 % 14% 72% 2001
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Basel 33% 17% 27% 22% 2015
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Bern 30% 15% 32% 22% 2015
SpainSpain Bilbao 23% 0% 34% 43% 2004
ItalyItaly Bologna 8th % 4% 21% 67% 2001
GermanyGermany Bonn 9% 13% 21% 57% 2004
United StatesUnited States Boston 14% 2% 35% 45% 2009
SlovakiaSlovakia Bratislava 4% 0% 70% 26% 2004
United KingdomUnited Kingdom Bristol 13% 5% 8th % 33% 2011
AustraliaAustralia Canberra 5% 2% 8th % 85% 2006
New ZealandNew Zealand Christchurch 6% 8th % 9% 78% 2009–2012
SpainSpain Cordoba 18% 1 % 10% 71% 2004
NetherlandsNetherlands Eindhoven 3% 24% 8th % 65% 2004
ItalyItaly Florence 8th % 4% 21% 69% 2001
GermanyGermany Freiburg in Breisgau 11% 13% 12% 63% 2004
SpainSpain Gijón 24% 0% 17% 59% 2004
AustriaAustria Graz 19% 14% 20% 47% 2013
SpainSpain Las Palmas 12% 0% 24% 64% 2004
SwedenSweden Malmo 6% 25% 18% 51% 2011
GermanyGermany Mannheim 34% 15% 16% 35% 2010
SpainSpain Murcia 18% 1 % 7% 74% 2004
EstoniaEstonia Tallinn 16% 0% 50% 34% 2004
NetherlandsNetherlands Utrecht 3% 21% 25% 51% 2004
SpainSpain Valladolid 22% 1 % 20% 57% 2004
SpainSpain Vigo 19% 0% 13% 68% 2004
New ZealandNew Zealand Wellington 11% 3% 19% 65% 2009–2012
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Winterthur 29% 15% 20% 35% 2015
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Zurich 33% 12% 32% 21% 2015

Notes: European data are based on the Urban Audit, US data are based on the 2009 Census' American Community Survey, Australian data are based on the ABS Census.

Common categorizations of modes of transport

In local public transport

In long-distance passenger transport

In freight transport

Reference values ​​and definitions

Arrow inside a closed round shape Arrow that crosses a closed round shape from bottom left to top right
Inland traffic (left) and through traffic (right), based on a previously defined area

The modal split can be calculated for different traffic sizes. The most common are (each in a certain time unit)

  • the traffic performance in the units of passenger- kilometers (pkm) or tonne-kilometers (tkm).
  • the totality of the ways. A path is a change of location from a starting point to a destination that serves a specific purpose. If different means of transport are used for the trip, the means of transport mainly used counts.

Depending on how the modal split is calculated, it can be very different. In Germany, for example, 22% of all trips but only 3% of all person-kilometers are covered on foot.

Determining the types of traffic flows to be recorded is also important. After an examination area has been determined, the recorded traffic can e.g. B. be assigned to internal traffic, through traffic, source or destination traffic. The modal split of the individual traffic flows can vary widely. In Münster, for example, the proportion of motorized vehicles in destination traffic (i.e. people commuting to Münster) is significantly higher than in domestic traffic.

Since different investigations do not make the same determinations, the determined modal split is usually only partially comparable.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b [Briefly explained] What is the modal split and what does it say? In: future mobility. April 9, 2018, accessed March 17, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Total traffic of the resident population, facts and figures on traffic / State of Berlin. Retrieved March 14, 2020 .
  3. ^ Infas Institute for Applied Social Science GmbH: Everyday traffic in Bonn and the Rhein-Sieg district. November 23, 2009, archived from the original on August 28, 2017 ; accessed on March 27, 2018 .
  4. ↑ More cycling and e-bikes: results of the mobility survey are available. Retrieved February 5, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Results of the representative household survey “SrV 2018” on private mobility in Dresden. In: Dresden.de. City of Dresden: Urban Development, Construction, Transport and Real Estate Division, February 6, 2020, accessed on February 28, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Data and facts on mobility in Düsseldorf at duesseldorf.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
  7. ↑ City of Essen: Household survey on mobility behavior in Essen 2019 - Results report for the City of Essen - short version . Ed .: City of Essen, Office for Urban Planning and Building Regulations. Self-published, Essen June 2019, p. 8 .
  8. ↑ Mobility Strategy Frankfurt am Main on frankfurt.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
  9. ↑ Study on traffic behavior ( Memento from April 17, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), City of Freiburg
  10. ↑ p. 31 in Infas: Results of the Mobility in Germany study (PDF; 2.9 MB)
  11. ↑ Modal + Split + Hannover_2018 [PDF] on hannover.de, November 26, 2018, accessed on February 12, 2020
  12. ↑ omniphon: Mobility Behavior 2012 - City of Karlsruhe. Retrieved June 14, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Mobility in Cologne - MiDInKöln on mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de, accessed on February 13, 2020
  14. ↑ [1]
  15. ↑ Ingenieurbüro Helmert: Mobility survey - study of the daily traffic behavior of the population in the city of Mainz Result report for the city of Mainz, short version . Ed .: City of Mainz. August 2016, p. 23 , p. 13 ( online [PDF]).
  16. ↑ Traffic data - Mobility in Munich 2017: household survey on muenchen.de, accessed on February 17, 2020
  17. ↑ Traffic behavior and choice of means of transport of Münster residents . Results of a household survey in autumn 2013. In: Contributions to urban research, urban development, urban planning, traffic planning . No. 1/2014 . City of Münster, August 8, 2014, ISSN  0933-9078 , p. 11 , Fig. 6 ( stadt-muenster.de [PDF; 804 kB ; accessed on November 28, 2016]).
  18. ↑ a b Data and facts on mobility , VAG Nürnberg , accessed on February 7, 2020
  19. ↑ Transport survey . Retrieved December 18, 2018 .
  20. ↑ http://epomm.eu/tems/result_city.phtml?city=331&map=1 Data on the modal split in Osnabrück in 2010
  21. ↑ mobility. Retrieved on July 17, 2018 (German).
  22. ↑ mobility data. Retrieved on July 17, 2018 (German).
  23. ^ A b Modal split of the Stuttgart resident population , City of Stuttgart, p.8
  24. ↑ Data on the traffic behavior of the Wiesbaden population - results of the SrV 2013 . In: Landeshauptstadt Wiesbaden (Ed.): Wiesbadener Stadtanalysen . 2018, p. 64 ( online [PDF]).
  25. ↑ Mobility figures - Mobility survey of the Graz resident population 2013 . City of Graz. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved on December 9, 2014.
  26. ↑ The mobility behavior of the resident population and the volume of traffic in the state capital Linz - result of the 2012 traffic survey . Office of Upper Austria. State government. Retrieved on December 9, 2014.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at  
  27. ↑ Modal Split 2014: Cycling in Vienna increasingly popular. In: OTS .at. February 10, 2015, accessed February 10, 2015 .
  28. ↑ Does the state have any surveys on the number of passengers in public transport over the past five years? Retrieved November 25, 2016 .
  29. ↑ Smart City Klagenfur. Retrieved November 25, 2016 .
  30. ↑ Mag. Beatrix Frenckell-Insam: Smart City Innsbruck. Retrieved May 18, 2018 .
  31. ↑ a b c New Zealand Household Travel Survey: Travel to work, by main urban area results (3-year moving average)
  32. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Passenger Transport Mode Shares in World Cities ( Memento from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3 MB)
  33. ↑ Page 7 in Infas: Mobility in the Greater Hamburg Area (PDF; 274 kB)
  34. ↑ Mobility in Cologne - MiDInKöln on mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de, accessed on February 13, 2020
  35. ↑ Transport for London: "Travel in London" Report 5 (PDF; 5.3 MB), 2012
  36. ↑ Traffic data - Mobility in Munich 2017: household survey on muenchen.de, accessed on February 17, 2020
  37. ^ Enquête Globale Transport 2010 ( Memento from January 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 19
  38. ↑ The yearbook of transportation Prague 2009 ( Memento of September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 33.9 MB), page 5, accessed on March 23, 2011
  39. ↑ City of Toronto , retrieved April 29, 2012
  40. ↑ Modal Split 2014: Cycling in Vienna increasingly popular. In: OTS .at. February 10, 2015, accessed February 10, 2015 .
  41. ↑ [2] ( MS Excel ; 1.2 MB) (English), accessed on April 6, 2012
  42. ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Den Haag on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  43. ↑ More cycling and e-bikes: results of the mobility survey are available. Retrieved February 5, 2020 .
  44. ↑ Data and facts on mobility in Düsseldorf at duesseldorf.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
  45. ↑ City of Essen: Household survey on mobility behavior in Essen 2019 - Results report for the City of Essen - short version . Ed .: City of Essen, Office for Urban Planning and Building Regulations. Self-published, Essen June 2019, p. 8 .
  46. ↑ Mobility Strategy Frankfurt am Main on frankfurt.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
  47. ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Gothenburg on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  48. ↑ Modal + Split + Hannover_2018 [PDF] on hannover.de, November 26, 2018, accessed on February 12, 2020
  49. ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Helsinki on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  50. ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Málaga on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  51. ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Palermo on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  52. ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Rotterdam on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  53. ↑ Modal Split in Stockholm and Copenhagen on researchgate.net, accessed June 8, 2020
  54. ↑ Turin (IT) –Case Study [PDF] on mobility-workspace.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  55. ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Valencia on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
  56. ↑ Naujų transporto rūšių diegimo Vilniaus mieste specialusis planas ( Memento of December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 8.3 MB), September 15, 2011, accessed on July 3, 2013
  57. ↑ a b c d Comparison of cities in mobility A comparison of the cities of Basel, Bern, Lucerne, St.Gallen, Winterthur and Zurich in 2015. Accessed on June 14, 2020 .
  58. ↑ Method of Travel to Work by measures ; nomis official labor market statistics; 2011
  59. ↑ Mobility figures - Mobility survey of the Graz resident population 2013 . City of Graz. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved on December 9, 2014.
  60. ↑ Urban Audit ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.urbanaudit.org
  61. ^ The Transport Politic: “Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady; Rail Appears to Encourage Non-Automobile Commutes "
  62. ↑ Paul Mees et al : Travel to work in Australian capital cities 1976–2006 (PDF; 299 kB), 2007
  63. ↑ Research information system for mobility, traffic and urban development : Intermodality - definition of route, route chain and stages. June 4, 2018, accessed December 30, 2019 .
  64. ↑ Robert Follmer, Dana Gruschwitz: Mobility in Germany - MiD short report. Ed .: BMVI. Bonn 2018.