Travel enduro
Travel enduros are street-legal motorcycles that are designed for longer journeys on asphalt stretches and in easy terrain. Compared to enduros , travel enduros offer better suitability for travel in terms of range, ride comfort and payload while at the same time sacrificing off-road suitability.
classification
Travel enduros combine the chassis geometry of enduros with the high-torque engines and the equipment of tourers . A windshield reduces the wind pressure on the driver and protects against rain. A fuel tank with a capacity of more than 20 liters enables ranges of over 300 km. A wide and soft bench suitable for touring increases the seating comfort during long journeys. Seat heights of over 80 cm allow a relaxed knee angle and upright sitting. Devices for luggage rack systems for side cases and top cases simplify loading and increase the storage volume. A longer gear ratio in the high gears reduces fuel consumption on long motorway journeys. A roadworthy tire tread improves road holding at high speeds. Low fenders reduce the nuisance caused by splashing water. An engine guard and crash bars protect the drive and trim parts. Driver assistance systems such as anti-lock braking systems and traction control support the braking system. In addition, unlike touring bikes, travel enduros are usually delivered with cross-spoke wheels, which are easier to repair than cast wheels in the event of damage, even beyond civilization.
Instead of high performance, the engines are designed for pulling power and elasticity . Nominal outputs from 55 kW (75 PS) to 110 kW (150 PS) with a displacement between 800 and 1200 cm³ are common on the market. Due to the low profile tires, a broadly dimensioned fuel tank and drive, and a high curb weight of mostly well over 200 kg, the off-road properties of travel enduros are in some cases considerably limited. According to Peter Mayer, travel enduros bring “the core criteria for enjoyable motorcycling (powerful and sophisticated engine, handy and well-sprung chassis) with the conflicting practical constraints (wind protection, range or luggage storage)” of all motorcycle segments in line.
To classify their travel enduros, two-wheeler manufacturers use synonymous marketing terms such as “Adventure” (Triumph, Honda), “Sport-Enduro-Tourer” (Suzuki), “Travel” (KTM) or simply “Enduro” (BMW, Yamaha). The term “large enduro” is also used in specialist journals.
Market overview of travel enduros in production
image | Manufacturer | model | engine | Displacement | power | drive | Empty weight | Sales start |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMW | F 750 GS | 2 cylinder, in-line engine | 853 cc | 57 kW (77 hp) | Chain drive | 224 kg | 2018 | |
BMW | F 850 GS | 2 cylinder, in-line engine | 853 cc | 70 kW (95 PS) | Chain drive | 229 kg | 2018 | |
BMW | R 1250 GS | 2 cylinders, boxer engine | 1254 cc | 100 kW (136 hp) | Cardan drive | 249 kg | 2018 | |
BMW | R 1200 GS Adventure (K51) | 2 cylinders, boxer engine | 1170 cc | 92 kW (125 PS) | Cardan drive | 260 kg | 2014 | |
Ducati | Multistrada 1200 | 2 cylinder, V-engine | 1198 cc | 110 kW (150 PS) | Chain drive | 224 kg | 2010 | |
Honda | CRF 1000 L Africa Twin | 2 cylinder, in-line engine | 998 cc | 70 kW (95 PS) | Chain drive | 208 kg | 2015 | |
Honda | VFR 1200 X Crosstourer | 4 cylinder, V-engine | 1237 cc | 95 kW (129 hp) | Cardan drive | 275 kg | 2012 | |
Kawasaki | Versys 1000 | 4 cylinder, in-line engine | 1043 cc | 88 kW (120 PS) | Chain drive | 239 kg | 2012 | |
KTM | 1290 Super Adventure R | 2 cylinder, V-engine | 1301 cc | 118 kW (160 PS) | Chain drive | 229 kg | 2014 | |
Moto Morini | Granpasso 1200 | 2 cylinder, V-engine | 1187 cc | 87 kW (118 hp) | Chain drive | 210 kg | 2008 | |
MV Agusta | Turismo Veloce 800 | 3 cylinder, in-line engine | 798 cc | 81 kW (110 PS) | Chain drive | 190 kg | 2015 | |
Suzuki | V-Strom 1000 ABS | 2 cylinder, V-engine | 1037 cc | 74 kW (101 hp) | Chain drive | 228 kg | 2014 | |
triumph | Tiger 800 | 3 cylinder, in-line engine | 799 cc | 70 kW (95 PS) | Chain drive | 210 kg | 2011 | |
triumph | Tiger 1200 | 3 cylinder, in-line engine | 1215 cc | 104 kW (141 hp) | Cardan drive | 259 kg | 2012 | |
Yamaha | XT 1200 Z Super Ténéré | 2 cylinder, in-line engine | 1199 cc | 82.4 kW (112 hp) | Cardan drive | 261 kg | 2010 | |
Yamaha | Tenere 700 | 2 cylinder, in-line engine | 689 cc | 54 kW (73 hp) | Chain drive | 204 kg | 2019 |
Development, models
1970s and 1980s
The XT 500 from Yamaha can be seen as the first enduro . With this model, an off-road series motorcycle was equipped with a 500 cc engine for the first time from 1975. The suspension travel was longer than on previous scramblers, the fenders were higher and the front tire was 21 inches taller and narrower. Other manufacturers developed models that were more comfortable and suitable for travel. With the R 80 G / S model , BMW brought the first travel-ready enduro to the market and thus developed a new type of motorcycle that quickly became popular thanks to successes at the popular Dakar Rally and corresponding special models.
“25 years ago, off-road motorcycles were primarily seen as racing equipment. But when BMW won the German off-road championship in 1979, the developers got the green light to put a production version of the victorious machine on the wheels. The result was the R 80 GS - the abbreviation stands for terrain / road - the first large-volume enduro on the motorcycle market. The combination of powerful displacement distributed over two cylinders, cardan shaft and single-sided swing arm in an Enduro was a sensation at the time - BMW had established the 'travel enduro' segment with it. "
Example designs:
Typical models:
- Yamaha XT 500 (1976-1989)
- Honda XL 500 (1979-1984)
- BMW R 80 G / S (1980–1987)
- Yamaha XT 600 Z Ténéré (1983–1990)
- Cagiva Elefant 650 (1985–1987)
- BMW R 80 GS (1987–1994), R 100 GS (1987–1996), R 65 GS (1987–1992)
- Suzuki DR Big 750 S (1987-1990)
- Honda XL 600 V Transalp (1987-1999)
- Honda NX 650 Dominator (1988-2000)
- Honda XRV 650 Africa Twin (1988-1989)
- Yamaha XTZ 750 Super Ténéré (1989-1997)
- Kawasaki KLR 650 Tengai (1989-2003)
1990s
Since the 1990s, there has been a trend towards more roadworthiness at the expense of terrain suitability. The Yamaha concept was an exception; Yamaha has participated in the Dakar Rally from the start. Yamaha succeeded in installing a twin in a frame that is fully suitable for off-road use. The XTZ Tenere series was thus expanded to 750 cm³ and Yamaha was able to achieve victories. The later adventure models from KTM , which only became "Dakar" compatible with the efforts of Hans Kinigadner, have comparatively good off-road properties.
Example designs:
Typical models:
- Aprilia Pegaso 650 (1992-2009)
- BMW F 650 (1993–1999, manufactured by Aprilia, largely identical to the Aprilia Pegaso)
- BMW R 1100 GS (1994–1999) → R 1150 GS (1999–2004)
- Cagiva Canyon 600 (1996-1998)
- Cagiva Elefant 750 (1987–1990)
- Cagiva Elefant 900 (1990–1997)
- Cagiva Gran Canyon 900 (1998-2000)
- Honda XRV 750 Africa Twin (1990-2000)
- Honda XL 1000 V Varadero (1999-2012)
- Kawasaki KLE 500 (1991-2007)
- KTM 640 Adventure (1997-2007)
- Moto Guzzi Quota 1000 (1992-1997)
- Suzuki DR 800 S (1991-1999)
- Suzuki XF 650 Freewind (1997-2003)
- Triumph Tiger 900 (1993-1998)
- Yamaha XTZ 660 Ténéré (1991-1999)
2000s
After the very heavy R 1150 GS Adventure (285 kg ready to drive), which was manufactured from 2001 to 2005, the manufacturer BMW has returned to lower weights in favor of off-road properties for the successor models. Major manufacturers are now producing travel enduros in two displacement classes (BMW, Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha).
Example designs:
Typical models of light motorcycles with a displacement of up to 125 cm³:
- Honda XL125V Varadero (2001-2013)
Typical mid-range models with a displacement of 600 to 800 cm³:
- BMW F 650 GS (R13) (2000–2007) → F 650 GS (K72) (2008–2012)
- BMW F 800 GS (2008-2017) → F 850 GS (since 2018)
- Honda XL 650 V Transalp (2000–2006) → XL 700 V Transalp (2007–2012)
- Kawasaki KLE 650 Versys (since 2006)
- Suzuki DL 650 V-Strom (since 2004)
- Yamaha XT 660 Z Ténéré (since 2008)
Typical models with over 900 cm³ displacement:
- Aprilia ETV 1000 Caponord (2001-2009)
- Benelli TreK 1130 (since 2007)
- BMW R 1150 GS Adventure (2001-2005)
- BMW R 1200 GS K25 (2004-2012)
- BMW R 1200 GS Adventure K255 (2006-2013)
- Buell Ulysses XB12X (2005-2009)
- Cagiva Navigator 1000 (2000-2006)
- Kawasaki KLV 1000 (2004-2005)
- KTM 950 Adventure (2003-2005)
- KTM 990 Adventure (2006-2013)
- Honda XL 1000 V Varadero (1999-2012)
- Moto Guzzi Stelvio (2008-2016)
- Moto Morini Granpasso 1200 (2008-2019)
- Suzuki DL 1000 V-Strom (2002–2009)
- Triumph Tiger 955i (2001-2006)
- Triumph Tiger 1050 (since 2006)
2010s
The increase in the nominal output of the BMW GS series with boxer engine from 37 kW (50 PS) in 1980 to 100 kW (136 PS) in 2018 by 270% is an example of the general performance development in the travel enduro segment. "As a counterpoint to the faster, higher, heavier of the large enduro bikes", according to Guido Kupper, the 800 class has developed in recent years. According to Jochen Vorfelder, "more and more domesticated and street-oriented enduros are making their way into the highly competitive mid-range touring class."
“The great adventure, where can you still find it today? Almost all manufacturers have thrown in the towel and serve under the name "Reise-Enduro" - if at all - motorcycles with which you don't even want to drive down a dirt road. "
“[Enduro bikes have] universal skills with a focus on touring. [...] The segment is divided into two displacement classes, namely the middle class, which is only targeted by BMW, Suzuki and Triumph, with engines from 650 to 800 cubic centimeters and the [...] upper class with mostly 1200 cubic centimeters [...]. "
Typical mid-range models with 400 to 900 cm³ displacement (sorted by appearance):
- Suzuki DL 650 V-Strom (since 2004)
- Kawasaki KLE 650 Versys (since 2006)
- BMW G 650 GS (2009-2015)
- Triumph Tiger 800 (2010-2014) → Tiger 800 X (2015-2016) → Tiger 800 XR / XC (since 2017)
- Honda VFR 800 X Crossrunner (since 2010)
- BMW F 700 GS (2012-2017) → F 750 GS (since 2018)
- BMW F 800 GS Adventure (2013-2018) → F 850 GS Adventure (since 2018)
- Mash Adventure 400R (since 2015)
- SWM Superdual Adventure (2016-2019)
- Benelli TRK 502 (since September 2016)
- CCM GP450 Adventure (since 2016)
- Royal Enfield Himalayan (since 2016)
- Yamaha Tracer 700 GT (since 2019)
- Moto Guzzi V85 TT (since 2019)
- KTM 790 Adventure (since 2019)
- Yamaha Ténéré 700 (since 2019)
Typical models with over 900 cm³ displacement:
- Yamaha XT 1200 Z Super Ténéré (since 2010)
- Ducati Multistrada 1200 (2010-2017) → Multistrada 1260 (since 2018)
- Honda VFR 1200 X Crosstourer (since 2012)
- Kawasaki KLE 1000 Versys (since 2012)
- Triumph Tiger Explorer (2012-2018) → Tiger 1200 (since 2018)
- Aprilia ETV 1200 Caponord (2013-2016)
- KTM 1190 Adventure (2013-2016)
- BMW R 1200 GS (K50) (2013-2018) → R 1250 GS (K50) (since October 2018)
- Suzuki V-Strom 1000 (since 2013) → V-Strom 1050
- BMW R 1200 GS Adventure K51 (2014-2018) → R 1250 GS Adventure (since 2018)
- KTM 1290 Super Adventure (since 2014)
- KTM 1050 Adventure (2015-2016)
- Honda CRF 1000 L Africa Twin (since 2015) → CRF 1100 L Africa Twin (since 2020)
- Ducati Multistrada 1200 Enduro (2016-2018) → Multistrada 1260 Enduro (since 2019)
2020s
- Triumph Tiger 900 (from 2020)
- Harley-Davidson Pan America
- Husqvarna north 901
- Moto Morini X-Cape
Motorcycles of this type are also compared with all- terrain sedans (SUV) from the automotive sector. The example of the Honda VFR 1200 X Crosstourer shows that this is also used as a negative comparison:
“While we still struggled with sorting with the smaller Crossrunner and the cross-over idea didn't seem entirely understandable to us, we are now doing a lot easier with the Crosstourer. Yes, here the »X« stands for multifunction, because the narrow 19-inch front wheel, the respectable suspension travel and the cross-spoke wheels are believable indications of the little adventure that every SUV customer would like to see. "
“Honda has put an“ SUV ”on deceptive wire-spoke wheels, a touring machine with elegant comfort and only slightly extended suspension travel. Rase Enduro and 1200 V4 drive don't really seem to be compatible with each other. "
Travel literature
Before the advent of travel enduro bikes, only a few long-distance trips were made with motorcycles, such as Ted Simon's circumnavigation of the world in 1973 with the then street motorcycle Triumph Tiger 500 or the trip by Oss Kröher and Gustav Pfirrmann in 1951 from Germany to India with a then 24 year old and only 12 PS strong NSU -Gespann. The proliferation of travel enduro bikes since the 1980s made this type of travel increasingly popular. At the beginning of the 1980s, Claudia Metz and Klaus Schubert embarked on a 16-year extreme adventure world tour with two Yamaha XT500s. The motorcycle tour of the actors Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman from London via Russia to New York City on BMW R 1150 GS Adventure -Motorrädern was entitled Long Way Round published as a ten-part documentary series and a book.
review
"[The] travel enduro program [consists] of superior thrust from 2000 rpm, modern fuel economy, cardan, on-road prestige and off-road potential without excess weight, as well as a complete range of equipment, special equipment and original accessories."
“Anyone looking for a universally applicable motorcycle can hardly get past the travel enduro. High long-distance comfort with good wind protection and a comfortable seating position make the long-legged bikes ideal for going on vacation for two. And those who want to ride on gravel roads will be grateful for the longer suspension travel and the higher ground clearance compared to thoroughbred touring motorcycles. The heavy weight of the machines, on the other hand, sets tight limits for coarser 'earthworks'. "
“Obviously, you can no longer make a state in the travel enduro segment with a displacement of less than one liter. [...] Not because of the top performance, which is rarely needed here - and mostly probably elsewhere in the world as well. Above all, however, large displacement means a lot of torque, powerful pulling power and decisive acceleration - clearly central properties for travel enduros. "
“Powerful windshield, sophisticated luggage systems - it's clear where the journey with the large-capacity enduro should go: Far into the distance. And as comfortable as possible. Those who ride GS and Co today want to enjoy the comfort of a touring motorcycle. That means, in addition to a fatigue-free seat arrangement (of course also for the pillion passenger), the service during the long-distance run should be right. Chain drives have a hard time, the neatly encapsulated cardan is better. A main stand should also not be missing from the equipment list - it makes work such as checking oil and safe loading easier. "
“Acceleration at superbike level thanks to three-digit performance values, modern chassis and sporty setup, that makes you happy. And not just off-road - but there too. The days in which you had to choose between a light, robust but virtually impassable off-road hop on the road and a powerful, comfortable but not off-road machine are, thank God, over. "
literature
motorcycles
- Torsten Kämper: BMW GS - The story of a motorcycle legend . GeraMond Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-86245-606-2 , p. 168 .
- Andreas Schlüter: Yamaha - The XT single-cylinder, motorcycles that made history . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-613-01498-X , p. 120 .
- Hans J. Schneider u. a .: Fascination BMW GS - technology, travel, sport . Delius Klasing Verlag, Weilerswist 1995, ISBN 3-927710-04-0 , p. 136 .
- Wolfgang Zeyen, Jan Leek: BMW GS - The off-road sport legend . Motorbuch Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-86245-606-4 , p. 168 .
- Jan Leek: BMW GS - off-road motorcycles since 1980 . Schrader Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-613-87234-X , p. 96 .
Web links
- All enduros in Germany. In: tourenfahrer.de. Retrieved May 20, 2013 .
- Walter Wille: Some for everything, all against one. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . May 4, 2012.
- All travel enduros. In: Moto Sport Switzerland . August 28, 2008. ( archive.org )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Mayer: The all-round motorcycles for travel, country roads and off-road . In: motorcycle . No. 12 , 2012 ( motorradonline.de ).
- ↑ Michael Kutschke: Big Enduros. (No longer available online.) In: Töff. September 3, 2010, archived from the original on December 17, 2013 ; Retrieved September 3, 2013 .
- ↑ I am two motorcycles. In: Spiegel Online . January 17, 2004, accessed May 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Guido Kupper: Mission Impossible . In: MO – The motorcycle magazine . No. 4 , 2014, ISSN 0723-2616 , p. 58 .
- ↑ Jochen Vorfelder: Derber Sound, Dicker. In: Spiegel Online . December 15, 2014, accessed May 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Christopher Driesen: The ironing iron . In: Touring Driver . No. 10 , 2010, ISSN 0933-4440 , p. 25 .
- ↑ Thomas Flehmer: BMW R 1200 GS leads the field again in 2014. In: autogazette.de. December 18, 2013, accessed May 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Thomas Schmieder: Mash Adventure 400 R in the test. In: motorcycle . Edition 20/2015. 17th September 2015.
- ↑ Ben Purvis: SWM Superdual adventure single. In: Motorrad International. 2016. (English)
- ↑ Dennis Chung: 2015 EICMA: Benelli TRK 502. In: Motorcycle.com , November 19, 2015. (English).
- ↑ Peter Schönlaub: Adventure in the Middle . In: Motorrad Magazin . November 8, 2018.
- ↑ Jochen Vorfelder: The heir to the throne. In: Spiegel Online . September 17, 2018, accessed May 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Downsizing at KTM: 1050 Adventure presented. In: Alpentourer. 5th November 2014.
- ^ Walter Wille: Mannequin in the mud catching. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 4, 2016, accessed May 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Uli Baumann: Adventure bike for all situations. In: Motorrad , issue 14/2010. October 12, 2018, accessed October 20, 2018 .
- ↑ Uli Baumann: Lighter, stronger, more dynamic, from 11,350 euros . In: motorcycle . 3rd February 2020.
- ↑ Uli Baumann: This is the Milwaukee Enduro . In: motorcycle . November 6, 2019.
- ↑ Uli Baumann: Travel enduro with 900 twin is built . In: motorcycle . 5th December 2019.
- ↑ Uli Baumann, Dina Dervisevic: New middle class adventure bike . In: motorcycle . 5th November 2019.
- ↑ In: Touring Driver . Edition April 2012, p. 20. ISSN 0933-4440 .
- ↑ Maik Schwarz: Reise and Enduro. In: MO - motorcycle magazine. Edition June 2013, p. 22.
- ↑ Ted Simon: Jupiter's ride - around the world on a motorcycle . Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, 2001.
- ↑ Oss Kröher: The Orient is far. The first motorcycle trip from the Rhine to the Ganges . Gollenstein, 2009, ISBN 978-3-492-40165-4 , p. 672 .
- ↑ To be read in their book " Abgefahren " (Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch)
- ↑ Ewan McGregor, Charley Boorman: Long Way Round, The Wild Ride Around the World . Frederking & Thaler Verlag, 4th edition 2007, ISBN 978-3-492-40344-3 .
- ↑ Maik Schwarz: GS . In: Motorrad Magazin MO . No. 05 , 2013, ISSN 0723-2616 , p. 22 .
- ↑ Thomas Mendle: Wanderlust Mobile with weight problems. In: Handelsblatt . April 1, 2002, accessed May 13, 2013 .
- ↑ Peter Mayer: Seven travel enduros in Sweden. In: Motorrad , issue 14/2010. June 24, 2010, accessed May 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Jörg Lohse, Peter Mayer, Thomas Schmieder: The wolf chases the pack . In: Motorrad BMW Spezial . No. 02 , 2012, p. 28 .
- ↑ Brazz: Motorcycle News . No. 11 , 2013, ISSN 2193-1631 , p. 113 .