Rolls-Royce Group
| Rolls-Royce Holdings plc
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| legal form | Public Limited Company |
| ISIN | GB00B63H8491 |
| founding | 2011 (1906) |
| Seat |
London , UK
|
| management |
|
| Number of employees | 50,000 (2019) |
| sales | 16.587 billion GBP (2019) |
| Branch | Aviation, maritime, rail, energy and armaments |
| Website | www.rolls-royce.com |
Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is an international group that emerged from the manufacturer of the luxurious Rolls-Royce automobiles , which have not been part of the group since 1998. The Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is a in the Financial Times Stock Exchange Index in London listed company, which is mainly known for the production of engines and components for civil and military aviation, but also in the fields of shipping and energy technology.
The oldest part of the company, automobile production, belongs to the VW Group as Bentley Motors , while the rights to the Rolls-Royce Motor Cars brand went to BMW . Rolls-Royce automobiles have been produced by a BMW subsidiary founded for this purpose since 2000.
history
Founding time
In the spring of 1904, the engineer Henry Royce and the businessman Charles Rolls joined forces. Royce himself always referred to himself as a "Mechanic", but never as an engineer .
They wanted to build cars together. On March 15, 1906, they founded Rolls-Royce Limited in Manchester . The 40/50 HP (1906–1925) was presented as the first model at a public motor show in London. It cost £ 305 at the time . The vehicle earned the company a reputation for building the best automobile in the world as it set a new long-distance record. The Rolls-Royce 40/50 HP, known as Silver Ghost only from 1907 , also proved itself in military use. Lt. who became famous as "Lawrence of Arabia" Col. TE Lawrence wrote in his book " The Seven Pillars of Wisdom " about this famous, reliable automobile: "A Rolls-Royce in the desert is worth more than rubies". From 1911 he wore the legendary " Spirit of Ecstasy " as a hood ornament , a female figure for whom Miss Eleanor Velasco Thornton is said to have modeled the sculptor Charles Sykes. The origin of the term "Emily" for the Spirit of Ecstasy , known in German-speaking countries, is unknown. Eleanor Thornton was never called that.
expansion
During the Great Depression , Rolls-Royce took over its competitor Bentley in 1931 . Initially, Bentley was run as a sporty brand in the company; from 1965, Rolls-Royce and Bentley vehicles were largely identical. Automobile production was relocated to Crewe as early as 1946 .
In 1914, Rolls-Royce entered aircraft engine manufacturing with the Hawk , which later, with types like the Rolls-Royce-Merlin, soon made up most of the business. During the Second World War , approximately 50 percent of Allied aircraft were equipped with engines from Rolls-Royce and its licensees.
Rolls-Royce took over the development of jet engines in 1943 from the Rover Company and in 1943 supplied the Welland with the drive for the prototype of the Gloster Meteor ; the first jet-powered fighter of the Royal Air Force to be produced in series from 1944 . Later, starting in 1948 with the Dart , turboprop engines (PTL) were also mass-produced. After taking over Bristol Siddeley in 1966, Rolls-Royce had the most comprehensive engine program in the world.
The original logo was red letters on a silver background. The black logo was first used in 1931. Henry Royce gave instructions in 1933 to permanently change the font color of the letters "RR" in the company logo from red to black. This change came due to numerous complaints from high-ranking customers (including the Prince of Wales ) that the red did not harmonize with some car colors. Black was chosen because it seemed suitable for all colors. The legend that this color change was made due to the death of Henry Royce in April 1933 contradicts the facts given.
Bankruptcy - Division - Renaissance
In 1971 Rolls-Royce filed for bankruptcy because the development of the three-shaft Rolls-Royce RB211 engine for the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar threw the company into financial difficulties. The British government prevented the collapse with a huge investment of taxpayers' money. Rolls-Royce was nationalized, and in 1973 the engine manufacturer was separated from the automobile manufacturer.
The automobile manufacturer now operated under the name Rolls-Royce Motor Cars and the engine manufacturer after the re-privatization in 1987 as Rolls-Royce plc . In 1980 Rolls-Royce Motor Cars was taken over by the armaments company Vickers . In 1998, Vickers wanted to sell Rolls-Royce Motor Cars , and everything spoke in favor of a bid for BMW , as they already supplied engines for Rolls-Royce and Bentley cars. However, BMW was outbid by Volkswagen AG , which eventually took over Rolls-Royce. Now, however, Rolls-Royce plc , which still owned the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand name, did not want to pass them on to VW, but to BMW, as they manufactured aircraft engines together with BMW (BMW-Rolls-Royce). VW now owned the plant and the rights to the "Spirit of Ecstasy" , but not the Rolls-Royce name. It was therefore agreed that from 2003 Rolls-Royce and Bentley would be separated, Volkswagen kept the Bentley brand and the Rolls-Royce plant in Crewe with the employees. BMW only took over the right to use the Rolls-Royce name and started a completely new beginning with a new plant in Goodwood near Chichester in southern England , new employees and a new vehicle ( Phantom ) that was developed between 1998 and 2003. The owner of the "Rolls-Royce" brand, however, remains the engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce plc. The irony of fate is that only shortly after Vickers got through the sale and separation of the Bentley and Rolls-Royce brands, Vickers ran into economic trouble herself and for a fraction of the proceeds from the Rolls-Royce sale by Rolls-Royce plc was taken over.
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars has been manufacturing automobiles in Goodwood since 2003, the sixth production site in the more than 100-year history of the brand. Sir Henry Royce spent the last years of his life about 10 km away, in West-Wittering on the coast; his house and studio are still there and privately owned. On October 1, 2019, the group took over the electric aircraft propulsion business from Siemens.
Products
Aviation engines
Rolls-Royce plc offers a wide range of engines for civil and military fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters . The engines and components produced in Germany are listed at Rolls-Royce Germany.
Civil engines
Jet engines
- AE 3007 for business jets and regional aircraft (e.g. in Cessna Citation X , Embraer ERJ 145 family )
- BR710 for long- range business jets
- BR715 for the Boeing 717 and the Tupolev Tu-334
- BR725 for the Gulfstream G650
- RB211-524 / -22 for the Boeing 747 , Lockheed L-1011 TriStar and Boeing 767
- RB211-535 for the Boeing 757 and Tupolev Tu-204
- Trent 500 for the Airbus A340 -500 and -600
- Trent 700 for the Airbus A330
- Trent 800 for the Boeing 777
- Trent 900 for the Airbus A380
- Trent 1000 for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner
- Trent XWB for the Airbus A350
- Trent 7000 for the Airbus 330neo
- Tay for the Boeing 727 , the Fokker 100 , the Fokker 70 and the Gulfstream G400
- Spey for the Gulfstream II , the Gulfstream III and the Fokker F28
Shaft drives
- Allison 250 , a helicopter drive, e.g. B. Bo 105
- RR300 , engine for small helicopters, e.g. B. Robinson R66
Military engines
In the military market, Rolls-Royce plc is the second largest engine manufacturer in the world and the largest in Europe.
Jet engines
- RB.108 : Lifting engine for VTOL aircraft
- RB.145 : Lift and cruise engine for VTOL aircraft
- RB.162 : lift engine for VTOL aircraft
- F136 for the F-35A / C Joint Strike Fighter
- RRLS for the F-35B Joint Strike Fighter
- EJ200 for the Eurofighter Typhoon
- Turbo-Union RB199 for the Panavia Tornado
- Pegasus 11-21 for the Harrier / Sea Harrier
- Pegasus 11-61 for the Harrier II / II + / AV-8B
- Adour 106 for the SEPECAT Jaguar
- Adour 871 for the BAE Hawk
- Adour 951 for the BAE Hawk
- Avon 200 for the English Electric Lightning and Saab Draken
- Spey 202 for the F-4 Phantom
- Spey 251 for the BAe Nimrod
- Spey 807 for the AMX
Shaft drives
- Tyne Mk 21/22, a turboprop engine , e.g. B. Transall C-160
- TP400-D6 for the Airbus A400M (joint venture Europrop International )
- Rolls-Royce Allison T56 , an engine for the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and P-3 Orion propeller-driven airplanes, as well as the Grumman E-2 Hawkeye and C-2A Greyhound
Piston engines
Rolls Royce was one of the most important aircraft engine manufacturers for decades . The line of development was continued over 30 years in a number of engines.
- Rolls-Royce Buzzard
- Rolls-Royce Condor
- Rolls-Royce Crecy
- Rolls-Royce Eagle
- Rolls-Royce Exe
- Rolls-Royce Falcon
- Rolls-Royce Goshawk
- Rolls Royce Griffon
- Rolls-Royce Hawk
- Rolls-Royce Kestrel
- Rolls-Royce Merlin
- Rolls-Royce Pennines
- Rolls-Royce Peregrine
- Rolls-Royce R
- Rolls-Royce Vulture
- Rolls-Royce / Teledyne Continental Motors license engines (C-90, O-200, O-300 , O-240, IO-360)
Further business areas
Defense technology
For the British armed forces in particular, the following engine models were built on vehicle and armored engines according to a modular system:
- B40 2.8 l, four-cylinder , petrol e.g. B. Austin Champ
- B60 4.2 l, six-cylinder , gasoline, 129 bhp, e.g. B. in the Daimler Ferret
- B80 5.6 l, eight-cylinder , gasoline, 170 bhp, e.g. B. in the Alvis Saladin
- B81 6.5 l, eight-cylinder, petrol, 220 bhp, e.g. B. in Alvis Stalwart , Saracen
- K60 two-stroke , six-cylinder, multi-fuel, 240 bhp, e.g. B. in FV 432
marine
Other products include technical equipment for ships , including various propulsion systems for ships.
Energy and nuclear technology
It is comparatively little known that Rolls-Royce is also active in power generation. For example, aeroderivatives - turbines for power plants and energy technology are manufactured. Rolls-Royce also has a division that develops nuclear technology, such as: B. for the propulsion of nuclear submarines .
The area aeroderivative - turbines was in 2014 Siemens sold.
Rolls-Royce in Germany
Rolls-Royce plc is represented in Germany with its Civil and Defense Aerospace, Power Systems and Ship Technology divisions. Within the RR Group, Germany has the second largest workforce after the United Kingdom with around 11,000 employees at 14 locations. Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG (RRPS) has been part of Rolls-Royce since 2014 . The traditional German company - which emerged from Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (until 1918 Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH) - based in Friedrichshafen, supplies large engines, drive systems and decentralized energy systems.
Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG (RRD) is active in the aviation industry and is the only German aircraft engine manufacturer with approval for the development, manufacture and maintenance of civil and military turbine engines. Rolls-Royce Germany currently has around 3,600 employees at its locations in Dahlewitz and Oberursel, of which around 1,100 are in Oberursel.
The RRD location in Oberursel - whose roots go back to the Oberursel engine factory - is today a production plant for engine components . High-tech components for Rolls-Royce engines are manufactured here using the latest manufacturing technologies. The location is also a maintenance and repair center for small gas turbines for military and civil applications.
On RRD Dahlewitz is the development and final assembly of all BR700 engines. As a competence center for twin-shaft engines, Dahlewitz is also responsible for the Tay, Spey and Dart engine series. These engines are used to drive business jets and smaller commercial aircraft . In total, Rolls-Royce Germany looks after over 9,000 engines in service worldwide. Rolls-Royce also operates a test rig for large civil engines and a test center for testing the mechanical behavior of gas turbine components (Mechanical Test Operation Center) in Dahlewitz. A new development test bench for reduction main gears (Power Gearbox) was put into operation in 2017. Main reduction gearboxes will be used in future Rolls-Royce engines with an ultra-high bypass ratio.
Today Rolls-Royce Germany is responsible for the following engines:
- Rolls-Royce Dart Turboprop for the propeller-driven aircraft Grumman Gulfstream I , Fokker F-27 and BAe 748
- Rolls-Royce Spey Turbofan for Grumman Gulfstream II and Gulfstream III as well as BAC 1-11 and Fokker F28
- Rolls-Royce Tay Turbofan for Grumman Gulfstream IV , Fokker 70 and Fokker 100
- Rolls-Royce BR710 Turbofan for Grumman Gulfstream V and Bombardier Global Express , as well as British Aerospace Nimrod MRA4
- Rolls-Royce BR715 turbofan for Boeing 717 and Tupolew Tu-334
- Rolls-Royce BR725 Turbofan for Grumman Gulfstream G650
At the end of 2005, the Rolls-Royce stake in the V2500 engine of the International Aero Engines joint venture for the Airbus A319 / A320 / A321 family moved from the English Derby to the German subsidiary, where all threads now come together in Dahlewitz near Berlin . The reason for this relocation was to create new capacity for the Trent family to expand. The share consists of the production of the high pressure compressor and the complete assembly.
Web links
- Official Rolls-Royce plc website
- Official website of Rolls-Royce Germany
- Official Rolls-Royce Automobile website
- Early documents and newspaper articles on the Rolls-Royce Group in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Preliminary Results 2019 . Rolls Royce. Accessed May 2020.
- ↑ content4reprint.com - This website is for sale! - content4reprint Resources and Information. Retrieved October 10, 2019 .
- ↑ rollsroyceclub: Tee One Topics (page 51) ( Memento from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 1.02 MB)
- ↑ Sir Frederick Henry Royce. Retrieved October 10, 2019 .
- ^ British Cars ( Memento of December 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Rolls Royce expands electrical expertise. In: FliegerRevue , No. 8/2020, pp. 40–43
- ^ Rolls-Royce website about its own nuclear technology ; accessed on September 2, 2017
- ^ Siemens to acquire the Rolls-Royce Energy gas turbine and compressor business and enter into a long-term technology partnership. siemens.com, May 6, 2014, accessed on August 5, 2014 (English).