Robertines

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Robertiner ( French les Robertiens ) is the modern name for a Franconian aristocratic family, also known as "Rupertiner" and attested since the beginning of the 7th century , or for the West Franconian branch of this family from the middle of the 9th century played an important role in western France and from which the French royal house of the Capetians emerged .

history

Illuminated family tree of the Robertines, 14th century, Besançon City Library

The Robertines were originally named after Count Robert the Brave (middle of the 9th century), who was still considered the ancestor of the family in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The secured family line begins with Robert I , who was count in the Worms and Upper Rhinegau around the middle of the 8th century . It was only Karl Glöckner who showed in an article published in 1937 that Robert came from the Rhineland-Franconian family of the Rupertines and that his ancestry can thus be traced back to the 7th century. The term "Rupertiner" refers to the lead name Rupert , also Chrodobertus or Robert , which runs through the family tree. Usually only the family branch of the Rupertines, descended from Robert the Brave, is referred to as "Robertiner".

Hugo Capet , who founded the French royal dynasty of the Capetians , came from the Robertin family . Since the later French royal families ( House of Valois , House of Bourbon ) descended from Hugo Capet in an uninterrupted male line, the whole "House of France" ( Maison de France ) is a branch of the Robertin family. The older Babenbergs are a branch of the Robertians .

The most famous members of the family are:

  1. Robert the Brave , Count of Tours and Count of Angers
  2. Odo of Paris , King of the West of France
  3. Robert I , King of the West of France
  4. Hugo the Great , Duke of the Franks ( dux Francorum ), Duke of Burgundy and Duke of Aquitaine
  5. Hugo Capet , King of France

Tribe list

The Merovingian generations

  1. Charibert, † before 636, nobilis in Neustria
    1. Chrodobertus I. (Robert I.) nobilis in Neustria, April 8th 630 referendarius of King Dagobert I.
      1. Lantbertus I. (Lambert I.), † after 650, nobilis in Neustria
        1. Chrodobertus II. (Robert II.) Nobilis in Neustria, 653 caretaker of King Clovis II , 658 Chancellor of King Chlothar III. , October 2, 678 comes palatinus ( Count Palatine ) ⚭ Doda, † before September 12, 678
          1. ? Landrada ⚭ Sigramnus, nobilis in Austrien , the parents of Bishop Chrodegang and grandparents of Count Ingram
          2. ? Daughter ⚭ Liutwin the Holy (Liévin), 698/720 Bishop of Trier , founds Mettlach ( Guidonen ) in 713
          3. ? Grimbert, 691/720 comes palatinus ( Count Palatine ) of Neustria
          4. Lambert II., † before 741, comes in Neustria and Australia 706/715
            1. Robert I. (Rupert I.), 722/757 attested, † before 764, 732 dux in Haspengau , 741/742 comes palatinus ( Pfalzgraf ), around 750 count in the Upper Rhine and Wormsgau , 757 royal missus in Italy ; ⚭ around 730 Williswint, † after 768, donates Lorsch Abbey on July 12th, 764 , heiress on the Upper Rhine and von Hahnheim in Rheinhessen , heir to Count Adalhelm
              1. (Rupert) Cancor , † after 782, 745 Graf im Oberrheingau (maybe also Thurgau ), 758 Graf im Breisgau , 775/778 Graf im Zürichgau , 764 co-founder of Lorsch Abbey , ⚭ Angila
                1. Heimrich (Heimo), X May 5, 795 near Lüne an der Elbe , 764 co-founder of Lorsch Abbey , 772/782 Graf im Oberrheingau , 778 Graf im Lahngau , 784 Abbot of Mosbach - descendants see: Popponen (Franconian Babenberger)
                2. Rachilt, 776 spiritual in Lorsch
                3. Euphemia, spiritual in Lorsch probably 776
              2. Anselm, † 778 in the battle of Roncesvalles comes palatinus ( Count Palatine )
              3. Rupert, † after 786, 779 Abbot of Saint-Germain-des-Fossés
              4. Thurincbertus (Thüringbert), † after June 1, 770, 767/770 with property in Lorsch
                1. Robert II. (Rutpert II. O. Hruodbertus), attested in 770, † July 12, 807, 795/807 Count in Worms- and Oberrheingau , 795 Lord of Dienheim ; ⚭ I Theoderata (Tiedrada), attested in 766/777, † before 789; ⚭ II Isengarde, attested in 789; - See below for descendants
              5. ? Landrada ⚭ Sigram, the parents of Bishop Chrodegang and grandparents of Count Ingram
          5. ? Rupert the Holy (Robert), † February 24, 717 or March 27, 718 in Salzburg , Bishop of Worms , 696/717 first abbot and bishop in Salzburg , buried in Salzburg
          6. ? Galaberge the saint
      2. ? Chrodobertus (Robert) Council of the Queen Bathilde , makes 662 Grimoald to house Meier in Austrasia, probably 654/664 bishop of Paris and 663/667 bishop of Tours
    2. Albert
    3. Experienced
    4. Daughter ⚭ NN

The Carolingian generations

  1. Robert II. (Rutpert II. O. Hruodbertus), attested in 770, † July 12, 807, 795/807 Count in Worms- and Oberrheingau , 795 Lord of Dienheim ; ⚭ I Theoderata (Tiedrada), attested in 766/777, † before 789; ⚭ II Isengarde, attested in 789; For ancestors see above
    1. ? (probably I) daughter ⚭ Theobald Graf von Madrie
    2. (I) Robert III. (Rutpert III.), † before 834, 812/830 count in Wormsgau , count in Oberrheingau , 825 imperial missus in the diocese of Mainz ; ⚭ around 808 Wiltrud von Orléans (Waldrada), 829/834 heiress of property in Orléans, daughter of Count Hadrian (from the house of the Geroldons ) and Waldrat (from the house of the Widons )
      1. Guntram , Count in Wormsgau 815/837
      2. Oda ⚭ Walaho IV. (Werner IV.), † probably before 891, Count in Wormsgau after 840 ( Walahone , presumed progenitor of the Salians )
      3. Rutpert IV. (Robert IV. The brave or the strong) , X September 15 or July 25, 866 in the Battle of Brissarthe , 836 / after 840 Count in Wormsgau , 852 lay abbot of Saint-Martin-de-Marmoutier near Tours , 853 Count of Tours, 861/866 nobilis Franciae ( Île-de-France ) and Count of Paris, ⚭ I NN, probably Agane; ⚭ II beginning of 864 Adelaide (Aelis) von Tours , † after 866, daughter of Count Hugo von Tours ( Etichonen ) and Bava (Ava), widow of Conrad I , Count of Aargau and Auxerre , Count of Linzgau ( Welfen )
        1. (I) Son , inherits the property in Burgundy in 866
        2. (I) daughter , probably Richildis, heiress to Blois ; ⚭ Theobald the Old Count of Tours - ancestors of the Counts of Blois and Chartres ( House Blois )
        3. (II) Odo (Eudes) , * probably beginning of 865, † January 1 or 3, 898 in La-Fère-sur-Oise , 866 nobilis Franciae , Count of Paris and Aquitaine, before October 27, 886 Lord of Anjou and Touraine , guardian of King Charles III at the end of 887 . and Regent of France, King of France 888–898, buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis ; ⚭ probably 881 Theoderata , attested in 890, possibly daughter of Aleram, Count of Troyes
          1. Rudolf (Raoul), * probably 882, testifies to 898, King of Aquitaine
          2. ? Oda, * probably 883, † after 952; ⚭ around 897 Zwentibold , X 13 August 900 near Susteren , 895 King of Lorraine ( Carolingian )
          3. Arnulf, * probably 885, † 898 shortly after the father
          4. Guido (Guy), * probably 888, 903 attested
        4. (II) Robert (II.) I. , * posthumus 866, X June 15, 923 at the Battle of Soissons , 893 Count of Poitiers, Margrave in Neustria and Orléans , 898 Count of Paris, lay abbot of Saint-Denis and Saint- Martin de Tours , April 29, 922 King of France; ⚭ I Aelis, ⚭ II around 890 Beatrix von Vermandois , † after March 931, daughter of Count Heribert I ( Carolingian ) and Bertha, probably Bertha von Morvois
          1. (I) Hildebrante (Liégarde), † after 931; ⚭ before 907 Heribert II. Count of Vermandois , probably attested in 902, † February 23, 943 ( Carolingian )
          2. (I) Emma, ​​† 935 probably before September 13; ⚭ 910 Rudolf (Raoul) , † January 15, 936 in Auxerre , Duke of Burgundy, 923–936 King of France, buried in the Abbey of Sainte-Colombe in Sens ( Buviniden )
          3. (II) Hugo I the Great (Hugues I. le Grand) , * probably 895, † June 16, 956 at Dourdan Castle , 922 Duke of Neustria, Burgundy and Aquitaine, Count of Paris , Orléans , Vexin etc., 923 Count of Le Mans , 936 dux Francorum , 938 Duke of Burgundy, 943–956 of all of Burgundy, 946 Count of Laon , lay abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours , of St. Germain-des-Prés and Saint-Denis , waived 923, 936 and 954 on the French crown, 936–945 and 954–956 regent of France, buried in the basilica of Saint-Denis ;
            ⚭ I NN (around 914), daughter of Roger , Earl of Maine ( Second House of Maine ), and Rothilde, daughter of Charles the Bald ( Carolingian );
            ⚭ II Edhild (Eadhylde) (926/927), † September 14, 937, daughter of Edward the Elder , King of England ( House of Wessex ), and probably Aelflede;
            ⚭ III Hadwig (May 9 / September 14, 938 in Mainz or Ingelheim am Rhein ), † May 10 after 965, maybe also 958, daughter of the German King Heinrich I ( Liudolfinger )
            1. (III) Beatrix , † August 23 after 987; ⚭ 954/955 Friedrich I. Duke of Upper Lorraine , † 978 ( Wigeriche )
            2. (III) Hugo II. (Hugues Capet) , * winter 941, † October 24, 996 in Les Juifs ( Prasville ) near Chartres , 956 Count of Poitou , Orléans etc., 960 of age, lay abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours , Saint -Germain d'Auxerre , Saint-Aignan in Orléans , Saint-Quentin , Saint-Vaast etc., 986/987 Regent, 987 King of France, buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis , ⚭ around summer 968 Alice of Poitou , * probably 950, † June 15, 1006, probably daughter of Wilhelm I. Count of Poitou, as Wilhelm III. Duke of Aquitaine ( Ramnulfiden ), and Gerloc- Adele von Normandie ( Rolloniden ) - for descendants see the list of the Capetians
            3. (III) Emma, ​​* probably 943, † after March 19, 968; ⚭ 956/960 Richard I without fear (Sans Peur) , attested in 942, † November 20, 996 in Fécamp , Count of Normandy , regent of France 956/960, buried in Fécamp ( Rolloniden )
            4. (III) Otto , * probably 944, † 22./23. February 965, 956 Duke of Burgundy, ⚭ around Easter 955 Luitgard (Liégard) von Autun , heiress of Burgundy, daughter of Count Giselbert (Gilbert) and Ermengarde, heiress of Burgundy (see Buviniden )
            5. (III) Henry I the Great (Henri I le Grand) , * probably 946, † October 15, 1002 at Pouilly-sur-Saône Castle , Count of Nevers , 965/1002 Duke of Burgundy, buried in Saint-Germain d ' Auxerre , ⚭ I around 972 Gerberga von Mâcon , † December 11, 986/991, daughter of Otto (Othon), widow of Margrave Adalbert II of Ivrea , 950/961 King of Italy ( House of Burgundy-Ivrea ); ⚭ II before June 992, divorced 996, Gersende von Gascogne, daughter of Wilhelm (Guillaume) Duke of Gascogne ( House of Gascogne ); ⚭ III 998 Mathilde von Chalon , † 1005/1019, daughter of Count Lambert, married Gottfried I (Geoffroi I.) von Semur ( House Semur ) in second marriage
              1. (III) Aramburga of Burgundy, * probably 999; ⚭ around 1015 Dalmas of Semur ( House Semur )
              2. (illegitimate, mother unknown) Eudes, 1004 Vice Count of Beaune , August 25, 1005 patron of the Church of Saint-Étienne-de-Beaune; ⚭ before 1012 Inga (Hingade)
                1. Aguion (Azelin) de Beaune, attested in 1042
                2. Jean de Beaune, Lord of Marcy (Mazay), testified in 1042
            6. (illegitimate, mother: Ringare / Raingarde, of non-aristocratic origin, † 23 August ... at Toucy Castle ) Heribert, † 23 August, maybe also 16 August, 994 probably in Auxerre , 969/994 Bishop of Auxerre , buried in Notre-Dame in Auxerre
      4. ? Daughter ⚭ Megingoz I., attested in 876, probably Count in Wormsgau ( Wilhelminer )

literature

  • Detlev Schwennicke : European Family Tables II (1984) panels 10-11
  • Karl Glöckner: Lorsch and Lothringen, Robertiner and Capetinger , in: ZGO New Series 50, 1937, pp. 301–354
  • Hervé Pinoteau : Héraldique capétienne II, Paris 1947 and 1955
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility , volumes of the Princely Houses 1951–1978
  • Eberhard Winkhaus : Ancestors of Charlemagne and Widukind, Ennepetal 1950, additions 1953
  • Wilhelm Prinz von Isenburg : Family Tables on the History of the European States, 2 volumes, Marburg 1953
  • Hervé Pinoteau: Les origines de la Maison Capétienne, Brussels 1958
  • Jean-Dominique Comte de Joannis: Les 16 quartiers généalogique des Capétiens, 3 volumes, Lyon 1958
  • Gaston Sirjean : Encyclopédie généalogique des Maisons Souveraines du Monde, 13 volumes, Paris 1966ff
  • Alfred Friese: Studies on the history of the rule of the Franconian nobility, Stuttgart 1979 (history and society, Bochum historical studies, volume 18), p. 98ff

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friese Alfred: Studies on the history of rule of the Frankish nobility. The mainland-Thuringian region from the 7th to the 11th century. Klett-Cotta Stuttgart 1979, p. 98 ff.
  2. ^ Rapporteur - the forerunner of the Chancellor among the Merovingians
  3. ↑ compare the Landrada / Sigram marriage two generations later (and the accompanying footnote) and the article Ingram (Franke)
  4. ↑ See also: Robert I., Graf im Oberrheingau, in Genealogy Middle Ages
  5. ↑ See also: Robert II. Graf im Oberrheingau, in Genealogy Middle Ages
  6. ↑ compare the Landrada / Sigramnus marriage two generations earlier. The death of the son Chrodegang in 766 does not fit into the following generation (his cousins ​​died in 795 or 807 and Chrodegang was already active as a founder of Gorze in 748), rather into the generation of Dux Robert in Haspengau (757 attested, † before 764). The Landrada / Sigram / Chrodegang group was left standing here with respect for literature.
  7. ↑ Schwennicke describes Aleram as a member of the Nebelung family , by which he apparently means a younger line of the Arnulfinger family , descendants of Karl Martell 's younger brother Childebrand (see also: fr: Nibelungides ). MedLands Carolingian Nobility Chapter 1.O Family of Adelramn Comte (de Troyes) sees Aleram as the son of Aleran (Barcelona) († 852) and husband of a member of the Nebelung family, but not as the Count of Troyes.
  8. ↑ see there for the correctness of this information
  9. ^ Christian Settipani , La préhistoire des Capétiens, p. 410; at Schwennicke: ⚭ 922 Judith, † probably 925
  10. ↑ Prieuré de Saint-Étienne, from 1620 a Carmelite monastery, the Chapelle Saint-Étienne ( Monument historique ) is reserved for exhibitions today (Rue de l'Enfant / Place Ziem in Beaune), illustration: "File: Beaune - Chapelle Saint Etienne - 001.jpg "
  11. ↑ he and his children: European family tables III.2, 1983, plate 297
  12. ↑ Notre-Dame-la-d'Hors church and monastery northwest of the medieval city outside the walls; the monastery was demolished during the revolution , and the Palais de Justice stands on its site today
  13. ↑ European Family Tables III.2, 1983, Plate 297