Wenden (Sauerland)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Wenden
Wenden (Sauerland)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Wenden highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 58 '  N , 7 ° 52'  E

Basic data
State : North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region : Arnsberg
Circle : Olpe
Height : 411 m above sea level NHN
Area : 72.56 km 2
Residents: 19,609 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 270 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 57482
Area code : 02762
License plate : OE
Community key : 05 9 66 028
Community structure: 30 districts
Address of the
municipal administration:
Hauptstrasse 75
57482 Wenden
Website : www.wend.de
Mayor : Bernd Clemens ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Wenden in the Olpe district
Rheinland-Pfalz Hochsauerlandkreis Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein Märkischer Kreis Oberbergischer Kreis Attendorn Drolshagen Finnentrop Kirchhundem Lennestadt Olpe Wenden (Sauerland)map
About this picture

Wenden is a municipality in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , and belongs to the Olpe district in the Sauerland . It is the southernmost municipality in the Sauerland.

geography

Turn

Geographical location

Wenden is located in the southern part of the Olpe district within the Sauerland-Rothaargebirge nature reserve . The Bigge tributary Wende flows through it, into which the Bach Albe (from the north) flows within the village . In the north-west of the municipality there is the “ Autobahnkreuz Olpe-Süd ”, where the A 4 and A 45 intersect.

Neighboring communities

Community structure

The municipality was divided into the following localities:

  • Ottfingen / Wilhelmstal,
  • Römershagen / Döingen,
  • Dörnscheid,
  • Rothemühle / Rothenborn,
  • Schönau / Altenwend,
  • Vahlberg,
  • Turn,
  • Wendenerhütte

history

middle Ages

Location Wendens (green) on the Uerdinger line, the language border to Siegerland, Wildenburg and Bergisches Land. According to the Wenker map, the municipality of Wenden (except Römershagen ) is north of the Benrath line , but some districts are south of the Uerdinger line .

Wenden was first mentioned in a document in 1151 as Wendenne in a submission list of the Stift auf dem Berge in Herford . This had several possessions at Wenden. For some time there has been the thesis that Wenden was mentioned as early as 1011 in the foundation's charter. This is disputed by other parties and it is argued that the Wendener Höfe mentioned there are properties near what is now Bad Oeynhausen . Local research questions both dates and speaks cautiously of a first mention between the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century.

The parish church of Wenden was originally a branch church of Olpe. The age of the church tower indicates that the original church building was built in the 12th century. It was still referred to as a chapel in 1313. The patronage changed in the course of time from Saint John the Baptist to Saint Severin , because the right of occupation lay with the Severinsstift in Cologne. Wenden belonged to the Waldenburg office , which was subject to the rule of the Archbishops of Cologne. They installed a judge in Wenden.

Early modern age

In 1536, the Wenden court included the village of Wenden, Elben, Schönau, Girkhausen, Altenhof, Gerlingen, Römershagen, Hünsborn, Ottfingen, Brün, Hillmicke, Heid, Rothenborn and Dörnscheid.

In the 16th century, Wenden belonged to the domain of the von Fürstenberg family , who held various electoral offices. At the time of Kaspar von Fürstenberg in particular , a number of witch trials took place. However, the modest sources do not make more precise statements possible at the moment. About 20 cases are assumed for the climax of the witch hunt (1628–1631). Anna Margaretha Schmidt , for example, was executed in neighboring Olpe .

Border location

Wenden was shaped by its border location. Initially, this applied from a territorial point of view. At Wenden, the Sauerland in Cologne and the Siegerland in Nassau bordered each other. At the Dreiherrenstein near Römershagen, the Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia , Nassau-Siegen and the Lordship of Wildenburg came together in the early modern period . In the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, the border from Nassau was protected against the Electoral Cologne Duke of Westphalia by military forces and similar fortifications. Parts of the Kölschen Heck were in the municipality. An old Saxon-Franconian tribal and language border also ran here. The Low German and Upper German language areas collide here. After the Reformation there was also a denominational boundary between areas that remained Catholic and Protestant areas.

Mining history

In the area of ​​today's municipality of Wenden there were mining activities in various places. Little is known about early mining, however. Various sites of racing fire furnaces prove that this must have existed . The focus was east of Gerlingen, near Hünsborn , near Huppen and Büchen and along the Wende to Altenhof. The investigation of the Wilsmicke racing fire place near Elben revealed a date between the 11th and 13th centuries. In the Gerlingen area, too, mining is likely to go back to the high Middle Ages. In the Hünsborn area, chemical investigations showed that ores from the Siegerland were smelted there. Traces of smithies and smelters can also be found from later times.

Hammer mill of the Wendener Hütte

With one exception, written reports for the mining industry don't begin until after the Thirty Years War . Later, several small districts can be distinguished in the municipality. The largest number of pits was between Thieringhausen and Elben in the Altenberg area. The small area extended into the Olpe area. The Altenbergerzug extended over a length of about 3.2 km between Gerlingen and Elben. Above all, brown stone and spate iron stone were found there. The first reports come from the year 1668. Parts of the mines were owned by the Fürstenberg family, later in the von Brabecks family . The Remy family, who owned the Wendener Hütte, and other civil trades also owned mines there. Mining continued there with interruptions until 1920.

Another area was south of the road between Möllmicke and Wenden. The core was the Junkernbergerzug . This has a length of 1.8 km. In 1734 Johannes Ermert, the founder of the Wendener Hütte, was enfeoffed with the Schmidtseifen mine . In the 19th century, the search for ore experienced a brief boom there. The mining was stopped in 1868. A third area was near Ottfingen with the Vahlberg train . Mining is said to have taken place there as early as the 15th century, but there is no evidence. Reports have only existed since the 18th century. The Remy family was also active here. The monastery Drolshagen invested late 18th century here up to 40,000 Reichstaler to reduce iron ore for smelting in a big way. However, this failed due to dewatering problems . The bankruptcy of the monastery project resulted in legal disputes that lasted for decades. The Vahlberg mine and the smelting plant continued to operate, albeit irregularly. The dismantling continued until the First World War. There is written evidence of an ironworks near Elben since 1668, which existed until the beginning of the 19th century. The most important hut was the Wendener hut, which was founded in 1728 and lasted until 1866.

At the beginning of the 20th century, attempts were made to mine platinum . The Schlegelsberg gallery (formerly the Burmester gallery) was created for this purpose. After a few years of unproductive mining, the extraction was stopped. Today the tunnel is a show mine.

19th and 20th centuries

Wenden was part of the Duchy of Westphalia until 1802 . After that, the Hessians were sovereigns for 14 years until they were replaced by the Prussians in 1816. During the Hessian era, the Wenden court came to the Olpe office .

Since 1817 Wenden has been part of the Olpe district , which emerged from the Bilstein district . In 1843/1844 the Wenden office was formed from the municipalities of Wenden and Römershagen. The new municipality of Wenden emerged from the merger of Wenden and Römershagen on July 1, 1969. Since then, it has precisely comprised the former Wenden office, which was dissolved at the same time.

The assembly-related approaches did not change the fact that the majority of the population lived from agriculture, especially since there was no notable industrial development after the end of the Wendener Hütte. Due to the poor soil conditions and the widespread real division, many families found it difficult to support themselves from agriculture.

Möllmicke ↔ Wenden (center)

religion

St. Severinus in Wenden

A large majority of the residents of the municipality of Wenden belong to the Roman Catholic denomination. With the exception of Möllmicke and Rothemühle, every larger town has a Roman Catholic church or chapel. In Hünsborn it is the parish church of St. Kunibertus . Protestant churches exist in Wenden and Rothemühle, and in Gerlingen, in addition to the Roman Catholic Church, there is also a New Apostolic meeting house. A regionally important place of pilgrimage for Roman Catholic Christians is the Dörnschlade , located between the districts of Hünsborn, Wenden and Altenhof in the middle of the forest. According to legend, a statue of the Virgin Mary stolen from the Wenden church was found there. The chapel is used for prayer by many believers. Among other things, the regional KAB also uses the Dörnschlade for the annual pilgrimage.

After the Second World War, numerous refugees from the former eastern German territories moved to the former Wenden office and settled mainly in the districts of Vahlberg and Rothemühle. This is how the Protestant chapel Rothemühle was created in the 1950s. In the 1980s, the Protestant community center in the central town of Wenden was added, which quickly overtook the chapel in Rothemühle. In 2006, the presbytery of the Evangelical Church Community of Olpe, to which Wenden belongs, passed the resolution to give up the church in Rothemühle. The Rothemühle Kapellenbauverein then assumed financial responsibility for the church, so that its existence is guaranteed.

Numerous Muslims and Greek Orthodox have lived in the municipality of Wenden since the 1960s. In the central town there is a mosque of the umbrella organization Association of Islamic Cultural Centers .

politics

Municipal council

town hall

In the local elections on May 25, 2014 , with a turnout of 51.9% (-8.2), the following result was achieved:

Party / list be right +/- Seats +/-
CDU 55.5% + 0.4 19th ± 0
SPD 23.8% - 2.7 8th - 1
Green 10.0% + 1.0 3 ± 0
UWG * 10.7% + 1.3 4th + 1

* Independent voter community

Mayors and municipal directors

From 1969 to 1994 the office of the head of administration in Wenden was called the municipal director . The mayors were honorary and had representative tasks as well as chairing the municipal council. There has been a full-time mayor since 1994. He heads the municipal council and is also head of administration. As the last municipality director, Peter Brüser was elected by the council of the municipality as the first full-time mayor, from the next local election the citizens then elected the mayor.

mayor Term of office Political party
Roderich Schrage 1969-1989 CDU
Kunibert Kinkel 1989-1994 CDU
Peter Brüser 1994-2015 CDU or independent
Bernd Clemens 2015- CDU
Community directors (1969–1992) Term of office
Rudolf Schneider 1969-1972
Winfried Metzenmacher 1972-1992
Peter Brüser 1992-1994

Town twinning

A partnership was established with Dingelstädt in Thuringia in the course of German unification . The partnership was initially very active, for example by exchanging administrative staff, and is now running at a low but constant level. For example, the mayor from Dingelstädt is a regular guest at the annual major event "Wendener Kirmes".

The partnership document was signed on June 28, 2016, which seals the development of a partnership between Wenden and the Hungarian municipality of Lepseny. The packaging company "SiBO" has branches in both Wenden and Lepseny, and owner Bernd Hesse initiated the partnership.

Coat of arms and banner

coat of arms

The municipality was granted the right to use a coat of arms with a certificate from the District President in Arnsberg dated April 6, 1970.

Blazon : “In red growing in half-length, a golden nimbly saint with a golden beard and head hair, in natural colors, in his right hand carrying a golden lamb on a golden book and holding a golden ball cross stick in the left, above with a golden fur, below with clothed in silver linen, this covered with a silver shield with a continuous black bar cross. "

The coat of arms shows the patron saint of the community, John the Baptist, with the coat of arms of the Electorate of Cologne, to which Wenden belonged for a long time. The municipality of Wenden took over this coat of arms from the Wenden office after the local government reform.

The municipality of Wenden was also granted the right to fly a flag in a certificate issued by the District President in Arnsberg on June 11, 1970.

Description of the banner: "Red-white-red in a ratio of 1: 3: 1 striped lengthways, with the municipal coat of arms in the middle of the upper half."

Culture and sights

theatre

Sauerland-Theater Hillmicke: amateur theater; always performs in November in the auditorium of the school center Wenden. Theater Association Hünsborn: amateur theater with children and youth theater group; Performances in March and April. Theater women Möllmicke: amateur theater, performances every two years in the auditorium of the Konrad-Adenauer-Schule Wenden as well as annually during the carnival in the village community hall in Möllmicke.

Museums

Wendener Hut Museum

The Wendener Hütte is a technical cultural monument and one of the oldest surviving charcoal blast furnace systems in German-speaking countries. It can be viewed free of charge during opening times.

music

The municipality of Wenden is known for the large number of music associations (Altenhof, Gerlingen, Heid, Hillmicke, Hünsborn, Ottfingen, Wenden), marching bands (Ottfingen, Wenden) and almost 40 choirs. Almost every larger district has a wind orchestra and several choirs.

Choirs

Around 30 music and choral associations, including numerous master choirs, still shape the community's cultural and social life through concerts and other performances.

Buildings

See also: List of architectural monuments in Wenden

Listed residential building Bergstrasse 8 (built 1757)

The pilgrimage chapel Dörnschlade was built in 1864 by the architect Vincenz Statz to replace an older and much smaller previous building. The chapel is located near Altenhof and can be easily reached via the road connecting Hünsborn and Wenden. On the Sundays after the Feast of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary (July 2nd) and the Birth of the Virgin Mary (September 8th), processions take place from Altenhof and Wenden to Dörnschlade, which then end with church services at Dörnschlade.

The parish church of St. Severinus was built by Franz Beyer around 1750 to 1752. The altars and most of the saints adorned the previous church, from which the massive tower also comes. (The new church was built over the old one, which was only demolished when the construction work was advanced.) The pulpit, the Madonna of the rays and the organ were added to the church around 1755. The model for the naming is likely to have been the Church of St. Severin in Cologne . The last major renovation took place from 1986 to 1988. The church was largely designed as it was built in the 18th century. The mansard roof of the five-bay hall church for church construction is unusual in Westphalia .

The Wendener Hütte charcoal blast furnace is an early industrial cultural monument and is presented as a museum.

The parish church of St. Antonius Einsiedler in the Gerlingen district was inaugurated in 1897.

Protected areas of nature

Biggequelle

In the municipality there are the ten designated nature reserves Kallerhöh and Limmicketal (82 ha), Großmicketal (134 ha), Wiehbruch (39 ha), Wendequell area (15 ha), Mittagsbrüche (56 ha), Dermichetal (18 ha), Biggequell area (12 ha ), Biggetal (35 ha), Benze and Binsebach (26 ha) and Steinkuhle and Hillmickebach (26 ha).

There are six natural monuments in Wenden . The natural monuments are single trees or groups of trees. There are also six protected landscape components (LB) in the municipality .

The entire municipality is part of the Sauerland-Rothaargebirge nature park . The Wenden - Drolshagen No. 4 landscape plan has existed for the municipal area since November 30, 2006. There, areas outside of the built-up districts and the scope of a development plan are designated as landscape protection areas, provided that there is no higher protection status such as a nature reserve. There are two landscape protection areas in Wenden. These are the landscape protection area Wenden - Drolshagen type A with 8,875 ha and the landscape protection area Wenden - Drolshagen type B with 1,004 ha. Part of the two landscape protection areas is located in the Drolshagen area. Landscape protection area type A, stands for general landscape protection , while type B stands for special landscape protection: protection of characteristic meadow valleys and special functional areas . In the type A landscape protection area, the erection of buildings and first afforestation, including the creation of new Christmas tree cultures, are prohibited. In type B there is also a ban on converting grassland and fallow grassland. The type B landscape protection area consists of several sub-areas, while the type A landscape protection area forms a coherent area in which all other protected areas and the built-up areas are located within the planning area.

There are also numerous biotopes protected because of their rarity, such as springs and rocks, in the municipality . Because of their rarity, they are under protection regardless of the protection categories mentioned above.

In addition to other bird species, the large birds gray heron , goshawk , red kite and common raven occur in Wenden .

Sports

An auditorium with approx. 600 seats and an attractive stage system, a large sports hall with a playing field and grandstand, as well as numerous new sports grounds and a swimming pool give clubs, residents and visitors a wide range of options for active leisure activities.

The football club FSV Gerlingen plays in the Westphalia League in the 2019/20 season .

Regular events

The Wendsche Kärmetze (Wendener Kirmes) is considered the largest folk festival in South Westphalia and is officially advertised accordingly. It takes place on the third Tuesday in August as well as on the Saturday and Sunday before. On Tuesday there is an animal show with awards for animals in different classes. The Wendsche Kärmetze differs from other fair events in that a market takes place all the time, where a wide variety of items are offered. In addition to the many market vendors, there are many fairground operators with their carousels and other attractions.

The Schönau Carnival is also known . Elaborately manufactured motif wagons and numerous foot groups create a kilometer-long lindworm on Rosenmontag, which meanders through the streets of the 1400-strong town of Schönau under the eyes of up to 15,000 visitors . The battle cry of the Schönau carnivalists is: Schönau Helau. The club song begins with the lines "From Schönau to Bockenbach - there is swaying and laughing" (Bockenbach is the neighboring town in Siegerland). In over 40 years, the Schönau-Altenwend carnival association has established itself as a fixture in carnival events in South Westphalia. Its two dance guards, Rote and Blaue Funken, represent the association at numerous regional and national events.

The Südsauerlandlauf usually takes place on the first weekend in November . This traditional run (2005: 30th edition) is organized by the SG Wenden. In the past few years, successful national races have always been welcomed (e.g. 2005: Sabrina Mockenhaupt ) Bambini run (500 m), school runs (2 km), fun run (5 km), main run (10 km) and Nordic walking (9 km ) attract up to 800 participants. This is the largest run in South Westphalia. Integrated as a run in the Endurance Cup .

Economy and Infrastructure

Fire station at the Floriansfest 2009

Until the time after the Second World War, the majority of the population lived from agriculture and forestry. As a result of the restructuring in agriculture, many farmers gave up their businesses. The number of out-commuters increased significantly. This only changed with the construction of the A 4 and A 45 motorways. As a result, the geographical traffic situation improved considerably and the municipality became more attractive as a business location. In Hünsborn and Gerlingen, industrial and commercial areas were created for the settlement of companies.

Established businesses

traffic

Street

The municipality of Wenden is accessed by two federal motorways:

  • of the A 4 (E 40) Aachen – Görlitz junction: Wenden (at the Olpe-Süd motorway junction) and
  • the A 45 (Sauerland line) (E 41) Dortmund – Aschaffenburg. Junction: Wenden (at the Olpe-Süd motorway junction).

However, there is no federal road through the municipality. Main roads are the roads L342, L512, L564, L714 and L905.

Bus and rail transport

There are numerous bus routes in local road transport that also connect Wenden with its neighboring communities and towns. The operators are the Verkehrsbetriebe Westfalen-Süd (VWS) based in Siegen and the rail subsidiary Busverkehr Ruhr-Sieg (BRS). Lines R 50, R53 and R 51 are the most important bus routes that run from Siegen , Kreuztal and Olpe to Wenden.

Today there is no longer any own rail transport in the municipality. There used to be a rail connection to today's Biggetalbahn . The Freudenberg - Rothemühle section was closed in 1987, the Rothemühle - Olpe section in 2000 and dismantled in 2005.

education

The municipality of Wenden has a total of three primary schools at four locations, a community secondary school, a secondary school and a comprehensive school. In addition, the Janusz Korczak School has a special needs school in the Olpe district at a sub-location in Wenden. The following schools and educational institutions are located in Wenden:

  • Elementary schools
    • Catholic primary school Gerlingen
    • Hünsborn Community Primary School (until July 31, 2017, Hünsborn Catholic Primary School)
    • Primary school association "Wendener Land" with the main location Wenden and Rothemühle. The Ottfingen sub-location was closed in summer 2016 at the suggestion of Mayor Bernd Clemens and the subsequent council resolution on April 20, 2016.
  • Further training
    • Secondary school: Konrad-Adenauer-Schule Community secondary school
    • Realschule: Realschule Wenden
    • Wenden comprehensive school
  • Special schools
    • Janusz Korczak School, sub-location Wenden, special needs school of the Olpe district

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Elsbeth Rickers (born April 20, 1916 in Essen, † September 18, 2014 in Drolshagen) was a German CDU politician. Only honorary citizen of the community.

literature

  • Fritz Wiemers: Home book of the office Wenden. Published by the Wenden i. Westf. Olpe o. J. (1951). (Supplementary reprint, published in cooperation with the municipality of Wenden, with an introduction by Raimund Quiter, Kreuztal 2004, ISBN 3-925498-80-X )
  • Berthold Keseberg: Municipality of Wenden. Mirror of time in words and pictures. Meinerzhagen 1986, ISBN 3-88913-104-2 . (The cover bears the volume name I, but more volumes that are announced in the foreword have not been published.)
  • Karl Heinz Kaufmann: Turn around. Where the Wendschen live. A local history and folklore reading book. Edited on behalf of the municipality of Wenden. Kreuztal 2001, ISBN 3-925498-69-9 .
  • Albert Stahl: Hünsborn honors St. Kunibertus - 100 years in the life of the Hünsborn parish in 2006
  • Norbert Scheele: Gerlingen in the past and present. (Wenden-) Gerlingen 1959.
  • Heinrich Solbach: Ottfingen. Edited by the local history working group. Schmallenberg-Fredeburg undated (approx. 1995).
  • Tonis Brüser u. a .: Dörnscheid - a village in which we live. Edited by the Dörnscheid village community. undated (approx. 1990).
  • Margret Kirschey u. a .: Römershagen 1144-1994. Edited by the working group "850 Years of Römershagen". Elben / Ww. 1994.
  • Karl Jung: Around the Elbener Kreuzberg. A village tells its story. Olpe 2000.
  • Wolf-Dieter Grün (Red.): The Heider School Chronicle. What the teacher wrote about Heid, Rothemühle, Trömbach, the Binz and Vahlberg, supplemented by some contemporary documents. Edited by the Friends' Association Heid and the Heimatverein Rothemühle eV, Wenden 2007.
  • Karljosef Böhler: The dream of white gold. The history of the only platinum mine in Germany in Wenden. Kreuztal 2004, ISBN 3-925498-84-2 .
  • Karl Jung: Between Poverty and Awakening. The Wendener Land in the parishes in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nümbrecht-Elsenroth 2001, ISBN 3-931251-78-0 .
  • Friedhelm Krause (Red.): Wenden - Insights into history. Edited on behalf of the municipality of Wenden. 3 volumes. Wenden 2012ff. (Vol. 1: Natural history and history up to 1803; Vol. 2: History 1803 to 1945 and Vol. 3: History 1945 to today.)
  • District of Olpe: Landscape plan Wenden - Drolshagen No. 4. , Olpe 2006.

Web links

Commons : Turn  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 .  ( Help on this )
  2. Wenden.de: Main statute of the municipality of Wenden, § 3 Division of the municipality into localities ( memento of the original from October 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 19, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.endung.de
  3. Winfried Metzenmacher: Community of Wenden: Yesterday - today and tomorrow. In: Sauerland 2/1978 p. 26
  4. ^ Peter Kracht: Sauerland, Siegerland and Wittgensteiner Land. Münster 2005 p. 223
  5. Raimund J. Quiter: When can Wenden celebrate an anniversary? A follow up on the age of Wenden. In: Heimatstimmen from the Olpe district 4/2006 p. 358
  6. ^ Albert Hömberg : Ecclesiastical and secular state organization (parish system and court system) in the original parish areas of southern Westphalia. Münster 1967, pp. 29f and 34.
  7. Reinhard Oberschelp (Ed.): The valuation registers of the 16th century for the Duchy of Westphalia. Part 1: the registers from 1536 and 1565. Münster 1971, pp. 211–217.
  8. Tanja Gawlich: The witch commissioner Heinrich von Schultheiss and the witch persecution in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to the secularization of 1803 . Münster 2009 p. 307f.
  9. Winfried Metzenmacher: Community of Wenden: Yesterday - today and tomorrow. In: Sauerland 2/1978 p. 26
  10. ^ Wilfried Reininghaus, Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. Münster 2008 pp. 405-413
  11. ^ Peter Kracht: Sauerland, Siegerland and Wittgensteiner Land. Münster 2005 p. 224
  12. Manfred Schöne: The Duchy of Westphalia under Hesse-Darmstadt rule 1802-1816. Olpe 1966.
  13. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia. Kurkölnisches Sauerland. Arnsberg 1986, pp. 96f, 175, 194.
  14. ^ Peter Kracht: Sauerland, Siegerland and Wittgensteiner Land. Munster 2005
  15. Mosque turn to moscheesuche.de
  16. ^ Site of the regional returning officer North Rhine-Westphalia
  17. ^ Main statute of the municipality of Wenden. Retrieved December 4, 2018 .
  18. District of Olpe: Landscape plan Wenden - Drolshagen No. 4. pp. 17–34.
  19. District of Olpe: Landscape plan Wenden - Drolshagen No. 4. P. 37–30.
  20. District of Olpe: Landscape plan Wenden - Drolshagen No. 4. pp. 45–54.
  21. District of Olpe: Landscape plan Wenden - Drolshagen No. 4. pp. 42–44.
  22. District of Olpe: Landscape plan Wenden - Drolshagen No. 4. pp. 65–68.
  23. Klaus Nottmeyer-Linden, Jochen Bellebaum, Andreas Buchheim, Christopher Husband, Michael Jöbges, Volker Laske: The birds of Westphalia . Nature in Book and Art, Neunkirchen 2002, ISBN 3-931921-06-9 .
  24. ^ Homepage of the municipality of Wenden ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  25. ^ Peter Kracht: Sauerland, Siegerland and Wittgensteiner Land. Münster 2005 p. 225
  26. Industry & Traffic onovern.de
  27. Wenden.de: Schools accessed on July 2, 2015