Neuberg Abbey

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Neuberg Abbey
Neuberg Abbey on the Mürz
Neuberg Abbey on the Mürz
location AustriaAustria Austria
Lies in the diocese Graz-Seckau
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '47 "  N , 15 ° 34' 43"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '47 "  N , 15 ° 34' 43"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		704
Patronage Assumption Day
founding year 1327
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1786
Mother monastery Heiligenkreuz Abbey
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery

The Neuberg Monastery or Neuberger Münster is a former Cistercian monastery (OCist) in the market town of Neuberg an der Mürz in the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag district in Styria . It was founded in 1327 and dissolved in 1786 as part of the Josephine Reform . The collegiate church, a high Gothic hall church , now serves as the parish church of the local community. The monastery was used as an imperial hunting lodge until 1869 and is used in various ways in the 21st century as a so-called monastery courtyard. The Cistercian monastery complex is a gothic ensemble under monument protection ( list entry ).

history

The monastery was founded in 1327 by the Habsburg Duke Otto the Happy on the occasion of the birth of his son Friedrich . The Duke gave the monastery many grounds in the upper Mürz Valley and transferred the lower jurisdiction over all goods to the abbot of the monastery. As a subsidiary of Heiligenkreuz Abbey , from where the first monks came, it belonged to the filiation of the Morimond Primary Abbey . In 1327 12 monks and the abbot Heinrich lived in Neuberg, in the Meierhof of Wernhard from the mountain. The monastery formed the core of the settlement in the upper Mürz Valley. The parishes of Neuberg ( St. Anna , then Maria am green Anger ), Mürzzuschlag , Langenwang and Krieglach , with care positions in chapels and Mürzsteg, belonged to the deanery incorporated by the Cistercians into the 19th century .

The first church, the Bernhardi Chapel, was built around 1330 . In 1336 today's sacristy was consecrated as the first sacred space. In 1344 the chapter house was consecrated by Bishop Konrad von Gurk, in whose crypt the founder, Duke Otto the Merry, was buried in 1347. The completion of the hall church came to a standstill in the middle of the 14th century due to a plague of locusts and a plague epidemic. In September 1379 the division of the Habsburg lands between Albrecht III was here in the Treaty of Neuberg . and Leopold III. agreed. In 1396 a large part of the monastery fell victim to a devastating fire, but the church was largely spared. Only after the middle of the 15th century could the church under Emperor Friedrich III. The completion is dated 1471. The wooden roof structure , from the first half of the 15th century, with more than 1100 m³ larch wood, is the largest and most important wooden roof structure in the German-speaking area. The life-size sandstone statue of the Neuberg Madonna and several winged altars have been preserved from the Gothic period . The cloister with the chapter house has precious reliefs, which are among the most important examples of sculpture from the 14th century in Austria.

The interior of the minster is dominated by the early baroque high altar , which was built in 1612.

After a checkered history, the monastery was closed by Emperor Joseph II in 1786 and given to the Styrian Religious Fund. The monastery church became the parish church of Neuberg. Neuberg remained the dean's seat (but administered in Spital am Semmering ) and the seat of the Neuberg lordship. This was subordinate to the montanist state aristocrat, under the direction of the Imperial and Royal Court Chamber for Coin and Mining. A wing in the southeast of the monastery complex was converted into a hunting lodge for Emperor Franz Joseph around 1850 . The rest of the monastery housed administrative authorities, namely the government administration and an Imperial and Royal Eisenwerk Oberverweseramt, and apartments for officials and clergy, magazines and the like.

After 1918, the Republic of Austria became the owner and it was assigned to the Austrian Federal Forests  (ÖBf), which managed their territory here. In 1996, the facility was extensively renovated for the Styrian State Exhibition .

At the end of 2007, the Republic and the Federal Forests handed over the properties of the Stift and the former imperial hunting lodge to the Aigner Immobilien Group with a few conditions and requests . About the former wellness and Mayrkurhotel Gesundheitshof Neuberg , the former monastery tavern , there was a legal dispute with the artist because of the renovation of the house in the style of Friedensreich Hundertwasser . In autumn 2009 the operating company filed for bankruptcy. Since October 2010 it has been part of the monastery complex again under the name Stiftshof .

Todays use

With the gradual renovation of the extensive monastery area, a concept was developed for use so that private and commercial users can rent the premises of the monastery. In the monastery, the Kaiserhof Schauglashütte , a nature museum, the Pölzl Museum and various gardens, which opened in 1991 and comes from a private collection, can be visited. The expansion was carried out by Herbert Schliefsteiner . There are 50 rooms in the Stiftshof for overnight stays.

architecture

The former monastery building corresponds to the layout of the mother monastery of Heiligenkreuz Abbey and was largely adapted to offices and apartments, whereby the medieval structure was actually retained despite the fires. The cloister south of the church forms a rectangular courtyard with a ratio of 8 to 9 bays. The north and east wings of the courtyard were consecrated in 1344. The south and west wings were built in the second half of the 14th century. Around 1640 the monastery buildings were extended with a low upper floor.

Collegiate church

The articles Pfarrkirche Neuberg an der Mürz and Stift Neuberg # Stiftskirche overlap thematically. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. ɱ 11:35, April 20, 2019 (CEST)

The former collegiate church is the current parish church of the Neuberg an der Mürz parish . Like all Cistercian monastery churches, it is dedicated to the feast of the Assumption of Mary and is located in the Mürz Valley dean's office in the Graz-Seckau diocese .

The house of worship is a three-aisled, high-Gothic hall church with a half-hipped roof . Over the crossing sits on the roof, a roof turret . The east-facing church has a rectangular floor plan and was simply designed in accordance with the rules of the order.

Church exterior

The church is made of limestone blocks and has massive walls. Only in the choir room does the wall appear less massive due to the three large choir windows. The facade of the block-shaped building is structured on all four sides by four-stepped buttresses , which are crowned by pinnacles . The base zone is cranked on the south, west and east facades . On the north side of the church, a late Gothic chapel extension from the second half of the 15th century, the Loreto chapel, adjoins the nave. It is two-story, the upper floor can be reached via a spiral staircase in the northeast corner. There are buttresses on the building edges of the extension.

The three-storey west facade is structured by a blind arch , a high-Gothic rose window , the pointed arch portal and buttresses. The stepped ogival portal has an empty tympanum . The crab-studded gable is crowned with an eyelash and is flanked by pinnacles. At the pointed arched portal you can still see the remains of a vestibule that was demolished in the 19th century. There is a console above the rose window in the middle facade zone , which is empty today. The so-called Neuberger Madonna was located in this until the 17th century . During a hurricane-like storm it was blown to the ground and remained undamaged.

Church interior

Interior with high altar
Organ and rosette

The light-flooded, nine-bay church interior is divided into three naves by eight pairs of piers. Between the fifth and the sixth pair of pillars is a wider space, through which a transept is indicated, separating the nave and choir. This is emphasized by reinforcing the columns and belt arches . However, the entire room is seen as a hall. As is customary in Cistercian churches, the choir of the church is currently closed. There is a rib vault above the church . The individual ribs are profiled like a pear rod. The church is 67.50 meters long and 24.20 meters wide. The central nave alone is 9.75 meters wide. The top of the church is 19.50 meters.

Vault paintings are visible on the walls. On the west wall there is a fresco that is dated with the year 1505. It is partially covered by the organ gallery built in around 1670. The fresco has the shape of a winged altar. In the center, the holy Mary is depicted with the baby Jesus. The crucifixion is shown to the left and Saints George and Christophorus to the right. Below is a depiction of the fourteen helpers in need . The fresco was made in the style of the Danube School .

Furnishing

George altar

The altar was first given this name in 1622. The altarpiece was painted by Franz Daily from Wiener Neustadt . The picture is flanked by statues of Saints Godefriedus and Laurentius . These are a little younger than the picture.

Johannes Nepomuk Altar

In the middle there is a gilded statue of St. John Nepomuk . The statue is framed by rich carved decorations. The statue and carvings were made around 1730. The essay shows the tongue of St. John Nepomuk, which is a symbol of the martyr's secrecy.

Barbara Altar

The altar was created analogously to the altar of St. John Nepomuk around 1730. A gilded statue of St. Barbara with a tower is shown in a richly decorated carved frame . In the top there is a depiction of a chalice, also an attribute of the saint.

Late baroque altar

This altar was created around 1725. A Gothic representation of the Mother of God with child is inserted into these. The sculpture, created around 1450, probably comes from a former winged altar.

Front left side altar

The altar was erected in 1668. It is an early baroque altar with spiral columns. The shrine sculpture and two wings of a former winged altar from 1505/06 were integrated into this. The figure represents Jesus crucified. On the left under the cross are the holy women , on the right St. Mary, St. John , and St. Longinus , who points to Christ, and Mary Magdalene , who embraces the cross. In the background, the city of Jerusalem is shown after the artist imagines it.

The outside of the wings are decorated with baroque decor. The inside of the former wings are primed gold and show a cycle of passion. At the top of the left wing is "Jesus praying on the Mount of Olives" with the three sleeping disciples. Below is the scene "Jesus before Kajaphas ". In this representation three henchmen hold Christ. Kajaphas sits in front of him and a priest holds up a list of accusations. The temple guard is indicated by helmets and halberds . The face of a guard is roughly executed. "Jesus before Pontius Pilate " is shown above on the right wing . One of the soldiers carries a flag with the imperial double-headed eagle. The artist wanted to imply that Jesus was sentenced to death in the name of the Roman emperor. However, the double-headed eagle has only been the symbol of the Holy Roman Empire since 1433 . A prison is depicted under the podium on which Pontius Pilate and Jesus stand. According to the inscription, Barabbas can see out of this. In the lower picture the carrying of the cross is shown. He is pulled and pushed by the Roman soldiers who are dressed as mercenaries from around 1500. The image also shows Simon of Cyrene helping Jesus to carry the cross. In the background, St. John is shown, who leads Mary behind the cross.

On the back of the former wing, the weekday side of the former winged altar, there are four representations from the legend of the cross. The first picture shows the "finding of the cross on the Calvary". On the left is the Empress Helena with court. On the right is a man at work digging the sunk cross from a well. Two other men watch him do it. The picture below shows the entry of Empress Helena into Jerusalem. She is riding a white horse. An angel with a banner hovers over the city gate. In the second wing, the "miraculous healing through the cross" is shown in the upper picture. The picture below shows a scene from the "Fight for the Cross". The emperor Herakleios defeats the king Chosroe and thereby recaptures the cross stolen by him. The fight between two knights on a bridge is shown in the foreground. The altar is dated on the front and back. The painter of the wings seems to have had a close relationship with the master of miracles from Mariazell .

Front right side altar

The right side altar was erected in 1668. The shrine sculpture and two wings of a former winged altar from 1518 have been inserted into the early baroque altar. The shrine sculpture shows the removal of the body of Jesus from the cross. The donor of the altar is shown in the lower left corner, smaller than all the other figures. In the middle sits Mary, who holds the body of her son, Jesus, on her lap. Mary Magdalene kisses the hand of Christ and behind Mary stands John the Evangelist. On the Sunday side, the main page, as with the left altar, a passion cycle is shown. The first picture on the top left shows the "hostage of Jesus". The "crucifixion of Christ" is shown below. On the right-hand side, the “crowning of thorns” is painted above, “Christ on the cross” below. On the back of the altar, the former weekday side of the winged altar, scenes from the life of St. Bernard of Clairvaux are depicted. The picture above shows the construction of the Clairvaux monastery in the presence of the saint. Below is the “miracle of the cross” of St. Bernard. The crucified Christ bends down from the cross to St. Bernard and hugs him. In the upper picture on the other side of the wing, the clothing of St. Bernard is shown. Underneath is the "Miracle of Mary" to be seen. In the depiction the saint kneels before the Blessed Mother, who is his breast . The picture was damaged by a neurotic at the time of Joseph II . The face of St. Bernard and the breast of Our Lady were scratched out. On the reverse, the altar is dated with the year 1518 and a Veronika Ikon is depicted.

Anna altar

The altar was erected in 1668. On the altarpiece, St. Anne is shown with her husband Joachim and St. Mary as a child. In the lower picture, St. John the Baptist is shown preaching. The flanking figures depict St. John the Baptist and a holy king. The altar's inscription reads: “Beata progenies, unde Christ natus est”. ( German : "Happy the ancestors from whom Christ comes").

Mary Altar

The altar was erected around 1650. At the top of the early baroque altar is a statue of St. Bernard of Clairveaux. In the niches to the left and right of it are white-colored wooden statues of Saints Joseph and Joachim. The central niche is decorated with gilded acanthus decor. In the middle niche stands the “Neuberger Madonna” with a height of 172 cm. This is a stone statue from the period between 1330 and 1340. It originally stood on a console on the west facade of the church. It fell to the ground during a hurricane, but remained undamaged. The statue was then placed in its current location. The statue is considered to be the forerunner of the so-called "Beautiful Madonna" in the soft style . The rococo tabernacle with inlay work is about a hundred years younger than the altar. The inscription on the altar reads: “sie deum accedere times respices Mariam”. (German: "If you are afraid to step up to God, look at Maria").

Image of Saint Robert

On the left wall of the nave hangs a picture of St. Robert , one of the founders of the Cistercian order. The big picture hangs in an ornate frame. The picture bears the following inscription: “S. Robertus sacri Cisterciensium ordinis fundator 1098. "(German:" The holy Robert, founder of the order of the Cistercians, 1098. ") The saint is shown in the picture together with Mary, since it is one of the basic rules of the order that Jesus through his Mother is adored. The picture and frame were created around 1680. Below the picture is a gallery in the high baroque style. It was built in 1734. On the wall below there are two tombstones of abbots with the symbols of impermanence. Here the abbots Johann Ludwig Holtz († 1671) and Balthasar Huebmann († 1663) are buried.

pulpit

The pulpit dates from around 1670. It is carried by an angel statue. On the front parapet of the pulpit there are eight rounded niches with small figures of the evangelists and the church teachers. Two of these are missing. There are gold-plated volutes on the sound cover. There are angels in the niches of the structure. On the top of the cover is a statue of St. Bernard, who is represented with his attributes.

All Saints Altar

The late baroque altar itself dates from 1751. The altarpiece was created in 1738 and was painted by Johann Veit Hauckh . Mary is represented as a queen. Many saints can be seen in the picture, including St. Bernard, St. Benedict , the twelve apostles, the Doctors of the Church, St. Lawrence with the rust and St. Andrew with the cross. In the monastic breviary there is the following inscription: “Benedicite sancti domino - sing your saints, praise the Lord.” In the lower left of the altarpiece, Otto the Merry is shown with the construction plan of the collegiate church. The Holy Trinity is depicted in the upper picture . The altarpiece is flanked by statues of the Archangels Gabriel and Raphael . There is also a late Gothic statue on the altar depicting John the Evangelist. It is not painted and comes from a Gothic crucifixion group.

Large late baroque altar from 1750

The altar dates from 1750. The altarpiece was painted by the artist Johann Veit Hauckh. The “Annunciation” is shown in the altarpiece. The picture is flanked by baroque statues of St. Michael and a guardian angel with a child. God the father is shown in the upper picture . On the altar is a late Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary, which is an assistant figure of a former crucifixion group.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Neuberg an der Mürz Abbey  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monument complex "Stift Neuberg an der Mürz" on bda.org.at
  2. ^ Lower Austria - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. (PDF), ( CSV ). Federal Monuments Office , status: 23 January 2019.
  3. ↑ Georg Goeth: The Duchy of Styria: geographically-statistically-topographically represented and provided with historical explanations. Volume 1 (Brucker Kreis, 1st part), Verlag Heubner, 1840, p. 333 ff (in the chapter Steuergemeinde Neuberg ; digitized, Google, complete view ) - detailed contemporary description.
  4. ^ A b c E. Linhardt: Neuberg an der Mürz . In: Christian art centers in Austria . 4th edition. No. 173 , 2003, pp. 32 .
  5. ↑ a b Goeth, 1840, p. 332.
  6. ↑ Goeth, 1840, p. 333.
  7. ^ Alois Niederstätter: The rule of Austria. Prince and country in the late Middle Ages. Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-8000-3974-5 , p. 178 ff .
  8. ↑ Goeth, 1840, p. 334.
  9. ↑ This was already famous in the 19th century for its quality craftsmanship. So z. B. Goeth, 1840, p. 334.
  10. ↑ Goeth, 1840, p. 337.
  11. ↑ Goeth, 1840, chapter Herrschaft Neuberg, p. 340 ff.
  12. ↑ History: Schloss Neuberg ( Memento of the original from September 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website Neuberg Abbey - Neuberg Castle . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stift-neuberg.at
  13. ^ Entry on Herbert Schliefsteiner in the Austria Forum  (biography) accessed on November 15, 2011.
  14. ↑ Parishes in the Mürz Valley Dean's Office
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g The art monuments of Austria. Dehio Steiermark (excluding Graz) 1982 . Neuberg an der Mürz, Former Cistercian abbey with general plan, former Collegiate Church of the Assumption of Mary with cloister and chapter house with floor plan, former monastery building. P. 316.
  16. ↑ a b c d e f Leopold Mazakarini: Art guide of the former Neuberg an der Mürz monastery. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 6f.
  17. ↑ a b c d Leopold Mazakarini: Art guide of the former Neuberg an der Mürz monastery. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 9.
  18. ↑ a b c Leopold Mazakarini: Art guide of the former Neuberg an der Mürz monastery. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, pp. 9–12.
  19. ↑ Leopold Mazakarini: Art leader of the former monastery Neuberg. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 11f.
  20. ↑ Leopold Mazakarini: Art leader of the former monastery Neuberg. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 12.
  21. ↑ Leopold Mazakarini: Art leader of the former monastery Neuberg. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 12f.
  22. ↑ Leopold Mazakarini: Art leader of the former monastery Neuberg. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 13.
  23. ↑ Leopold Mazakarini: Art leader of the former monastery Neuberg. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 14.
  24. ↑ Leopold Mazakarini: Art leader of the former monastery Neuberg. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 15f.
  25. ↑ Leopold Mazakarini: Art leader of the former monastery Neuberg. Vienna, Kellner publishing house, p. 16.