Třešť
| Třešť | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Kraj Vysočina | ||||
| District : | Jihlava | ||||
| Area : | 4699 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 18 ' N , 15 ° 29' E | ||||
| Height: | 545 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,766 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 589 01 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Jihlava - Telč | ||||
| Railway connection: | Kostelec u Jihlavy – Slavonice | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 4th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Vladislav Hynk (as of 2014) | ||||
| Address: | Revoluční 20 589 14 Třešť |
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| Municipality number: | 588032 | ||||
| Website : | www.trest.cz | ||||
Třešť (German Triesch ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located 14 kilometers southwest of Jihlava and belongs to the Okres Jihlava .
geography
Třešť is located north of the Javořická vrchovina at the transition to the Brtnická vrchovina in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . The town is located in the valley of the Třešťský potok ( Trieschbach ), which is dammed above Třešť in the Váňovský rybník ( Wanauer pond ). The Velký Špičák ( Great Spitzberg , 734 m) rises to the northeast . The Moravian Thaya has its source at the Hřeben, southeast of the town .
Neighboring places are Jezdovice in the north, Vílanec , Loučky and Beranovec in the northeast, Suchá , Prostředkovice and Stonařov in the east, Otín and
history
Třešť probably originated in the middle of the 13th century. The parish church of St. Martin was also built during this time. The village was on trade routes to Humpolec and Lovětín. The place was first mentioned in documents in 1349 in the Moravian land table in Brno . In 1355 Záviš von Třešť sold the rule to Štěpán von Březnice. He sold the property in 1358 to the margrave Johann Heinrich , who sold it to Jaroslav von Sternberg in the same year . In 1391 silver mining started in Jezdovice. In 1402 the Sternbergers von Triesch were involved in the attack on Iglau . After the Jews were expelled from Iglau, the rulers allowed them to settle in Triesch in 1424. The Jewish cemetery was established in the 15th century. From 1464 Triesch was called a town.
In 1493 the Vencelík von Vrchoviště acquired the Triesch rule from the Sternbergers. Under their rule, the fortress, which has been documented since 1513, was built, which was converted into a four-winged renaissance castle in 1586. After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Vencelík's property was confiscated and sold to the Carinthian Herbersteiner line in 1626 . They were followed in 1657 by the Geyer von Edelbach , from whom it acquired the Austrian Herbersteiner line in 1669. In 1660 the palace was rebuilt in baroque style. In 1686 the Jewish ghetto was established, in which a synagogue was built in 1693. In 1793 a fire destroyed parts of the city. The tradition of building Christmas cribs began in Triesch in 1802. First the cribs were built using painted paper mache, and from 1860 wooden cribs were made.
In 1811 a wooden observation tower was built on the Großer Spitzberg, which collapsed in a storm in 1834. In the city fire of 1824, the Katharinenkirche and the synagogue were destroyed. From 1831 the Triesch estate was administered ex officio and sold to the von Sternbach family in 1844.
From the middle of the 19th century, several factories were built in Triesch. In 1832 Josef Schumpeter founded a fulling mill and dye works. In 1840 the Turkish citizen Samuel de Mayo built a match factory. The Moric Knapp furniture and watch case factory followed in 1868, from which the Stern & Knapp corporation emerged in 1872.
In 1863, 56 houses were destroyed in a city fire. In 1872 the first Czech citizen school in Moravia was built in the market town . In 1880 there were 4,374 inhabitants in Triesch. In 1898 the Schumpeter textile factory burned down. The entrepreneur Berthold Münch from Höditz acquired the ruins and rebuilt them. In 1901, Emperor Franz Joseph I gave Triesch city rights and the city arms.
After the end of the First World War, a strong labor movement developed in Triesch, which can be traced back in particular to the work of Stanislav Kostka Neumann . In 1924 the match factory stopped production and the building was bought by the carpenter Ignac Meissner, who started making radio boxes there from 1927. After the German occupation in 1939, Jewish companies were expropriated. Ignac Meissner's factory was transferred to a German owner. In the same year, the cloth manufacturer Rudolf Münch was executed. On May 14, 1942, the transport of Jews from Triesch to the German extermination camps began. With that the Jewish community of Triesch died out. In 1945 a revolutionary people's committee was founded in Triesch, which took up the armed uprising against the German occupiers in the last days of the war. 23 residents of the city were killed in the fighting. After the May uprising was put down, 33 of the rebels were executed in the courtyard of the prison.
After the end of the Second World War, the Lords of Sternbach, who had fled to Austria, were expropriated and the castle was nationalized. In 1949 Třešť was elevated to a district town. In 1958 the first Roma families were settled in Třešť. In 1960 the Okres Třešť was dissolved. In 1983 the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences became the legal entity of the castle. In the same year the synagogue was handed over to the Czechoslovak Hussite Church .
In 2003, for the first time since the Second World War, a burial took place in the Jewish cemetery in Třešť. The remains of Wolfgang Münch, a descendant of the Münch entrepreneurial family, were transferred from England to Třešť.
Town twinning
- Pieterlen , Switzerland
- Obergünzburg , Germany
There is also a friendship between cities with Raabs an der Thaya in Austria.
City structure
The town of Třešť consists of the districts Buková ( Bukau ), Čenkov ( Zenkau ), Salavice ( Sollowitz ) and Třešť ( Triesch ).
Attractions
- The Třešť Castle was built in place of a fortress built in 1513 and its present form in 1860. Today it is used by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic as a hotel and congress center with a restaurant
- Parish church of St. Martin, built in the 13th century and redesigned in Baroque style in 1771
- Church of St. Catherine of Siena, built in 1526 under the Vencelík von Vrchoviště as an Evangelical Lutheran church
- Schumpeter House, the house where Joseph Schumpeter was born , has been the municipal information center since 2003, the location of the Vysočina_Museum and a Christmas crib exhibition
- The former synagogue was built in Empire style in 1825 after the fire in the ghetto in 1824. It has served the Hussite Church as a place of worship since 1983
- Jewish cemetery , laid out in the 18th century
- Baroque statues of the Immaculate Conception and St. John of Nepomuk, on the dam, created 1729–1734
- Way of the Cross from St. Martin's Church on Galgenberg, laid out in 1878
- Grave chapel of the Schumpeter family in neo-Renaissance style, in the cemetery
- Memorial to the victims of the May Uprising of 1945 on the prison yard, erected in 1975
- Memorial to the deportation of the Jews to the concentration camps, erected in 1992
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Šimon Partlic (1588 – around 1649), Czech astronomer
- Johann Horzalka (1798–1860), Austrian composer
- Emil Kosa (1851-1919), painter
- Salomon Krenberger (1861–1931), curative educator
- Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Austrian economist
- Victor Stern (1885–1958), communist and philosopher
- Václav Richter (1900–1970), Czech historian
- Otto Šimánek (1925–1992), Czech actor
- František Radkovský (* 1939), Catholic bishop
Lived and worked in the city
- Franz Kafka (1883–1924) regularly visited his uncle, the Triescher country doctor, MUDr. Siegfried Loewy