Schönberg (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Schönberg

Schönberg is the name of an ancient Saxon nobility that can be traced back to the 13th century. Some members of the family were bishops , cardinals , bailiffs, or chamberlain . Between 1542 and 1761, several members of the von Schönberg family headed the Saxon mining administration as mining captain or chief miner.

origin

According to their own tradition, the von Schönberg family came from Schönburg Castle in the diocese of Naumburg . At the same time, the Lords and Counts of Schönburg also claim to come from this castle. In the documents of the bishops of Naumburg , from 1157 on, "Sconenbergs" are named as noble free , later only as ministerials .

Other considerations suggest that the von Rothschönberg family came from the Mark Meissen , which was called Schönberg until the 17th century .

history

Hugo von Sconenberg is then named in later documents after the Rudelsburg , where he was Burgmann . The St. Michaelskapelle in the Cistercian monastery Altzella near Nossen , consecrated in 1218, is the first known burial place of the Schönbergs, the "Schönberg Chapel". With the Sifrid von Schönberg repeatedly mentioned in documents of the Altzella monastery from 1282 to 1284 the genealogically secured line of trunks begins. Since then, the Schönbergs have been primarily a family in the Mark Meissen and Lusatia .

Sachsenburg

The first known possessions were Rothschönberg (documented since 1254) and Zschochau - after that the two main branches are called. In the 14th century - probably as a replacement for the rule Schellenberg (later Augustusburg ) - the rule Sachsenburg (1368 to 1610) and Sayda / rule Purschenstein (until 1945) were added. Caspar von Schönberg had the late Gothic Sachsenburg built on the remains of an older castle by the Saxon master builder Hans Reynhart around 1480. In Frankenberg / Sa. , which belonged to the Sachsenburg rule, Caspar von Schönberg had the Frankenberg manor , also known as the new building , built in 1553 .

In 1377 the Schönbergs acquired Reinsberg Castle , which remained in the family for over 500 years until 1945; In 1572 it was divided into Oberreinsberg and Niederreinsberg. From 1473 to 1564 they owned the Stollberg estate . Also in 1473 they acquired the dominion of Frauenstein , where they built Frauenstein Castle from 1585 , which passed into electoral ownership in 1647. From 1533 to 1907 they owned the Gelenau / Erzgeb manor . and from 1580 for almost 100 years the rule of Pulsnitz in the Lausitz. Between 1585 and 1650 the Mittelfrohna manor was owned by the family. In the 16th century, the Schonbergk family also owned the Mohrenhaus in Niederlößnitz . Between 1630 and 1807, Bieberstein Castle , near Reinsberg, was owned by the von Schönberg family, who largely renovated it in the 17th century. Between 1676 and 1720 she owned the Majoratsgut Großhartmannsdorf . In 1797 the family also acquired the ruins of the Rudelsburg , on which they had served as ministerial service at the beginning of their history in the Middle Ages , and made them a Fideikommiss (the Kösener Seniors' Convents Association was founded here in 1848 ; the castle was expropriated in 1945).

Hanns Heinrich Caspar Christoph Graf von Schönberg (born April 9, 1924, Wasserjenisch, Silesia) was adopted on March 15, 1939 by his uncle Karl Detlev Siegfried Sahrer von Sahr at Dahlen Castle and, like his descendants, bears the name Sahrer without objection under nobility law by Sahr von Schönberg . Dahlen Castle in northern Saxony was expropriated in 1945 and burned down in 1973. Descendants acquired the neighboring Leuben Castle in 2017 .

In 1945 the descendants of Sifrid are still in Rothschönberg (since approx. 1250), Purschenstein (before 1389), Ober- and Niederreinsberg (1377), Wilsdruff (approx. 1420), Limbach (1445), Herzogswalde (1445), Niederzwönitz (1473, the mansion reacquired 1992), Krummenhennersdorf (1458–1601; 1800), Thammenhain (1666, reacquired after 1990), Bornitz (1669), Tanneberg (1675), Reichstädt (1717, reacquired 1998), Kreipitzsch with the Rudelsburg (1797) and Pfaffroda (after 1352; in the possession of an adopted son Alfons Diener von Schönberg since 1917, reacquired from his descendants in 2017) and Mockritz (1856; in the possession of an adopted son Hendrik Camp von Schönberg since 1925, reacquired in 1993 by Theda von Kuenheim, née Camp von Schönberg and Eberhard von Kuenheim ).

The von Schönberg family was one of the most widely branched and wealthy families of the Saxon nobility. It remained so until the expropriation without compensation through the land reform of 1945. From 1989 some members or relatives of the family returned to Saxony (to Thammenhain , Reichstädt , Niederzwönitz and Pfaffroda ). The permanent exhibition "Searching for traces in Saxony: The von Schönberg family in eight centuries" , with numerous family portraits, is shown at Nossen Castle .

Family owned goods until 1945 (selection)

Bought back after 1990

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows in gold a lion divided by red and green . On the helmet with red and gold covers a red lion's trunk.

  • Coat of arms in the Ingeram Codex from 1459

  • Coat of arms from the Book of Arms of the Holy Roman Empire around 1560

  • Coat of arms from Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605

  • Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1903

Personalities

Cardinal Nikolaus von Schönberg (1472–1537)

Bishops and cardinals

Chief Miners of the Ore Mountains in Freiberg

French line

  • Caspar von Schönberg ad H. Schönau [Gaspard de Schomberg, Comte de Nanteuil-le-Haudouin] (1540-1599). He played a decisive role in Henry IV of France converting to the Catholic faith and thus giving France back her inner peace. He helped prepare the Edict of Tolerance of Nantes (1598). His brother Hans Wolf von Schönberg was also temporarily in French service, but then returned to Saxony.
  • Henri de Schomberg , Count of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin and Durtal [Heinrich von Schönberg] (1573–1632), son of Caspar von Schönberg. As surintendant des finances and marshal, he was one of the most important men in France at the time. Cardinal Richelieu said of him: “God distinguished him in great state events, the most important events of our century; Schomberg was a nobleman and famous for his loyalty to Germany. As surintendant of finances, he demonstrated the old integrity that no longer seemed from that time. "
  • Charles de Schomberg , Duke of Halluin [Karl von Schönberg] (1601–1656); Son of Henri. French general and Marshal of France.

Further representatives according to lines and branches

Not related to the Saxon Schönbergs representative of the Württemberg personal nobility

Unrelated families with similar names

To this (unrelated) family belonged Hans Meinhard Graf von Schönberg (1582–1616), electoral Palatinate and Electorate Brandenburg field chief and court master of Elector Friedrich V of the Palatinate and his son Friedrich von Schomberg (Frédéric-Armand de Schomberg), (1615– 1690), Marshal of France, General in Brandenburg and Great Britain, 1st Duke of Schomberg and his son Meinhard von Schomberg (Ménard de Schomberg) (1641–1719), English general, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, 1st Duke of Leinster, 2. Count de Mértola (via his daughter Mary, born 1692, ancestor of the Counts of Degenfeld -Schonburg)

Notes and sources

  1. ↑ The Mittelfrona manor at www.sachsens-schlösser.de
  2. ↑ website Mayoratsguts Großhartmannsdorf
  3. ^ Nossen Castle - events and exhibitions
  4. ↑ From members of the family v. Schönberg and the related family Diener von Schönberg (Pfaffroda)

literature

Web links

Commons : Schönberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Where did the von Schönberg coat of arms come from? (Sage)  - sources and full texts