Wittmannsdorf (Märkische Heide)

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Wittmannsdorf
Municipality Märkische Heide
Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 36 ″  N , 14 ° 3 ′ 19 ″  E
Height : 49 m
Incorporation : September 1, 1973
Incorporated into: Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen
Postal code : 15913
Area code : 035476
Wittmannsdorf village church

Wittmannsdorf ( Witanojce in Lower Sorbian ) is a part of the municipality of Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen , a district of the unofficial municipality of Märkische Heide in the Dahme-Spreewald district ( Brandenburg ). The place was an independent municipality until it merged with Bückchen in 1973. The Wittmannsdorf district must not be confused with the Wittmannsdorf district of the city of Luckau .

Wittmannsdorf on the Urmes table sheet 3950 Groß Leuthen from 1846
Wittmannsdorf station (around 1900)

geography

Wittmannsdorf is located around 17 km southwest of Beeskow , 21 km southeast of Storkow (Mark) and around 19 km northeast of Lübben (Spreewald) . The district of Wittmannsdorf borders in the north on Plattkow , in the east on Schuhlen-Wiese , in the south on Groß Leuthen , all named places are districts of the municipality Märkische Heide, in the southwest on Bückchen and in the west on Pretschen , a district of the municipality Märkische Heide. Wittmannsdorf is via the L442, which branches off the B 179 in Gröditsch , via Bückchen, Wittmannsdorf, Schuhlen-Wiese to the B 87 and from there on to Goyatz , where it ends at the B 320 . In Wittmannsdorf the L443 branches off to the north, and from this road the K6117 branches off to Pretschen again in the village.

There are no larger bodies of water in the district. The Buschhäuser Gräben starting east of the town center runs to the northeast and drains into the Rocher Mühlenfließ . Another ditch begins directly at the village and drains west to the Gröditscher Landgraben , which over a longer stretch forms the boundary of Pretschen. Another ditch forms the southern border to the Bückchen district.

history

The oldest document that mentions Wittmannsdorf dates from 1384 (according to the historical local dictionary) or from 1346 (Wittmisdorff). He is called "Wyttenstorff" at this point. The name of the place can be derived from a German first name Witram, Witmar or Witmann. According to Rudolf Lehmann , the village was originally a dead end village .

1708 lived in Wittmannsdorf two farmers, eleven Kossäten and three Büdner . In 1718 there were two Hüfner , nine Kossät and three Häusler . The village had an estimate of 1,000 gulden , a comparatively high amount (the neighboring village of Wiese had an estimate of 500 gulden). In 1723 there were 18 fireplaces in the village, including the Vorwerk, which can usually be equated with residential buildings. In 1755 Wittmannsdorf had 127 inhabitants. The average harvest in Dresden bushels was: 810 bushels of grain, 8 bushels of wheat, 78 bushels of barley, 60 bushels of oats, 54 bushels of peas, 38 bushels of heather (= buckwheat ), 12 bushels of hops and 14 bushels of flax . In 1795 three Freihäusler were named. In 1809, the population of Wittmannsdorf consisted of two whole farmers (= full farmers), twelve total farmers, two half-cottagers and four cottagers or Büdners.

The Schmettausche map series from 1767/87 shows a windmill on the Mühlberg, some distance east of the village. It was evidently moved closer to the village. In 1846 it was located north of the village center, on Kossenblatter Straße (roughly opposite the building at Kossenblatter Straße 18). In 1820 there were 27 campfire sites and 199 residents. A school is mentioned in 1826 (mentioned again in 1861). In 1840 there were 29 houses in which 256 people lived. According to Berghaus, the manor was 2755 acres in 1853 . During the great floods in the summer of 1854, 141 acres of meadows in the surrounding lowlands were inundated. The damage in Wittmannsdorf (municipality) and manor district was estimated at 700 thalers. In the manor district alone, 800 quintals of hay were lost. In 1861 only 26 houses (probably an error in the source) and 254 inhabitants were counted. Notably, there was also a Jewish family of five. In 1864 the windmill is mentioned and a sheep farm close to the village. The topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. again gives 29 houses and 254 inhabitants for 1864. In 1879 the general address book mentions there was a distillery in the village.

Manor with distillery, church and school on one postcard (around 1900)
Population development from 1818 to 1971
year 1818 1846 1871 1890 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971
Residents 199 255 265 248 230 242 252 423 393 385 364

After the Second World War , the estate was expropriated and 28 new farmer positions were created instead . With the LPG Type I “Progress”, the first LPG in the Lübben district was founded on August 27, 1952 in Wittmannsdorf.

Ownership history from the 16th to 17th centuries

In 1505, the then Duke of Glogau and Troppau (and later King of Poland) Sigismund I , Anna, wife of Georg Langen, approved the villages of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf as personal items . When, on the other hand, the Saxon Elector Friedrich III. (the wise) and the dukes Johann and Georg of Saxony who enfeoffed von Langen with their entire hand in 1494: Nickel the Elder at Münchehofe , Nickel the Younger and Friedrich zu Krausnick and the brothers Christoph, Hans and Anton zu (Märkisch) Buchholz , however Wittmannsdorf was not owned by the family of Langen. Wittmannsdorf must have been acquired by the von Langen between 1495 and 1505.

On March 21, 1517, the Lower Lusatian bailiff Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko enfeoffed Georg Langen with the villages of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf with accessories on the occasion of the death of King Vladislav II . After the death of King Ludwig II in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Georg Langen again received a new loan from Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko for his goods Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf. Georg Langen died in 1538 and now his sons Melchior and Leonhardt were enfeoffed with Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf by Landvogt Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko. In 1542 the brothers Melchior and Leonhardt sold the estates inherited from their father Georg, the villages of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf to Friedrich the Elder. J. von Streumen zu Trebatsch ; his brother Heinrich was also enfeoffed. Leonhard Langen was married to Walpurgis von Streumen, and probably a brother-in-law of the brothers Friedrich and Heinrich von Streumen. Friedrich von Streumen also owned the village of Groß Leine and shares in the villages of Mittweide and Skuhlen , which he sold in 1544/45. He was married to Anna von Löser. In 1576, a Valentin von Streumen died, probably the son of Friedrich von Streumen. He was the guarantor for Albrecht von Quast, who owed Bernd von Drauschwitz money and which, according to the documents, he could not repay. Now Bernd von Drauschwitz sued Winkelhof (near Spremberg) against the guardians of Valentin von Streumen's children, who were still underage, for payment of the guarantee. How high the guarantee was is not known. A commission appointed in this legal dispute decided that Bernd von Drauschwitz had to be satisfied with a payment of 50 thalers. Valentin von Streumen's property was heavily in debt and so the governor agreed to sell the Pretschen property to Abraham von Bredow. This was enfeoffed with Pretschen (and probably Wittmannsdorf) in 1579. In 1585 he sold both villages for 14,000 thalers to Joachim von Holzendorf. On January 23, 1589, he received the loan letter for the two villages of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf, and his brothers Dietrich and Steffanus were also enfeoffed. Joachim von Holzendorf died in 1622 and bequeathed Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf to his son Samuel von Holzendorf, chief tax collector and assessor of the Lower Lusatia regional court. In 1636 he had to sell Wittmannsdorf to his cousin Christian von Holzendorf for 6,000 thalers. In 1642 he also wanted to sell Pretschen, but initially found no one who was willing and financially able to pay for the Pretschen manor in cash. It was not until 1649 that he was also able to sell Pretschen to his son-in-law Joachim Friedrich Freiherr von Blumenthal for 18,000 thalers. His son Christoph Caspar inherited not only Pretschen, but also a number of other goods, such as Pröttlin (Prignitz), Deibow (part of the community Milow (near Grabow) , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Stavenow (Prignitz), Trechwitz (part of the community monastery Lehnin ), Neuendorf (near Halberstadt; no longer exists) and Paretz . He was also able to acquire Wittmannsdorf again. In 1660 he married Luise Hedwig Freiin von Schwerin in the Berlin Cathedral . He was appointed provost of the cathedral in Brandenburg an der Havel and was the Kurbrandenburg ambassador. Due to his special merits, Christoph Caspar Freiherr von Blumenthal received a seat on the table of gentlemen in the Lusatian state parliament for life from the Saxon elector in 1689, although he did not have any rule in Lower Lusatia; a unique event in the history of Niederlausitz. Christoph Caspar Freiherr von Blumenthal and Luise Hedwig Freiin von Schwerin had six children, four sons and two daughters. The son Otto died on September 12, 1683 in the battle of the Kahlenberg . The son Friedrich died as a colonel in Brandenburg in Brabant . When his father's property was divided, he initially received Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf. Now the third brother Adam Ludwig followed in the possession of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf. The fourth brother Bogislaw had received Pröttlin, Deibow and Paretz.

In 1683 Gustav Heros was sworn in as administrator of the Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf manors. In 1701 Adam Ludwig had Sofie Wilhelmine von Schöning, daughter of the Brandenburg War Minister and General Field Marshal Hans Adam von Schöning and Johanna Margarethe von Pöllnitz on Tamsel (now Dąbroszyn ) in what was then Neumark . In 1703 Ludwig Reichsgraf von Blumenthal leased Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf to the castle Georg Graßmann. Adam Ludwig fell in 1704 as a colonel in Brandenburg in the (second) battle of Höchstädt .

18th century

The only son of Adam Ludwig and Sofie Wilhelmine was Friedrich von Blumenthal (* 1702), who now inherited Stavenow, Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf. From 1708 to 1718 the Pretschen estate was leased to Ludwig Eckardt. And from 1723 to 1725 Johann Andreas Kreiselmeyer followed as tenant. Friedrich von Blumenthal died unmarried and without descendants. Heir to his property was his cousin who was also called Friedrich, son of Bogislaw. But even this one died without a physical heir. Now Adam Ludwig and Heinrich Albrecht, sons of Adam Heinrich von Blumenthal and Barbara Hedwig von Hindenburg from the Horst house, raised claims to the inheritance. They alleged that their guardian made a feudal error and failed to lend them while she was a minor. Initially, the request was rejected by the Chamber Procurator. Above all, the Saxon-Polish secret cabinet minister Heinrich Reichsgraf von Brühl had secured the right to the Blumenthal property in Lower Lusatia. The process now came. Brühl returned the right of succession to the elector. Finally, the Elector of Saxony, Friedrich August, agreed to a feudal payment by paying 5,000 thalers and assuming all debts on the goods. On July 1, 1757, the brothers Adam Ludwig and Heinrich Albrecht resigned their hereditary homage and feudal obligation because of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf. Adam Ludwig von Blumenthal took possession of the two villages. His first marriage was to Sofie Esther von Hoym and his second marriage to Katharina Constantia von Woedtke. It was also the second marriage for Constantia; her first marriage was to Franz von Günthersberg. Adam Ludwig made it up to the Prussian state and war minister and was knight of the High Order of the Black Eagle (bestowed: 1739). In 1759 the father Adam Ludwig gave the two villages Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf to his son Hans August Freiherr von Blumenthal. He died in Berlin in 1760. Hans August von Blumenthal rose in the military hierarchy to lieutenant colonel and later became commander of the Gardes du Corps . Finally, in 1786, he was raised to the rank of Count of Prussia. Hans August was married to Ulrike Countess von Wartensleben. The von Blumenthal had Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf managed by administrators. He died in Berlin in 1788. Heir was the only son Heinrich (* 1765, † 1830), who in 1798 sold Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf to Johann Sigismund Paschke. Johann Sigismund (born October 26, 1741 in Zützen near Luckau, † July 6, 1814 in Pretschen) had married Johanna Christiane Henriette Lepsky in Schlepzig in 1771. He was the administrator on Hollbrunn in the Lieberose estate .

19./20. century

In 1808 their eldest son, Johann Karl Sigismund Pretschen, and the second eldest son, Johann Friedrich, also took over the village of Wittmannsdorf in 1808. He was married to Modeste Müller from Vetschau. Johann Friedrich died in 1842. As early as 1840, Wittmannsdorf had passed to his son August Paschke. In 1845 the Wittmannsdorf estate was compulsorily auctioned and went to the son of August von Paschke, Carl August (* 1811 in Wittmannsdorf; † 1880 in Blankenburg (Harz) ) for 45,025 thalers . At that time the estate comprised a total of 2755 acres , of which 1091 acres were fields and 1233 acres were forest. In the run-up to the foreclosure auction ("subhastation") the property was estimated at 45,391 thalers in total in 1844. Of this, 34,185 thalers were used for the land and 11,206 thalers for the buildings and inventory. Carl August Paschke allegedly sold the estate to a Lehmann in 1857. In any case, in 1856 Carl August Paschke was still in possession of Wittmannsdorf. Lehmann's successor at Gut Wittmannsdorf was the Oekonomierat and Lieutenant a. D. Franz Wilhelm Schwitzke (also Schwietzke), who is proven from 1879. He was succeeded in 1906 by his son-in-law Hans Osterroth. Franz Wilhelm Schwitzke died in 1909. Hans Osterroth died in 1914 and his widow sold the estate, which at the time was 705 hectares in size, to the Norwegian merchant and real estate agent Harald Johnsen in Berlin. In 1930 the Harald Johnsen limited partnership went bankrupt. A successor to the property has not yet been determined.

Political history

Wittmannsdorf lies on the northern border of (today's) Niederlausitz. At the end of the Middle Ages, the Beeskow dominion to the north also belonged to Niederlausitz. In Saxon times, Wittmannsdorf belonged to the Krummspreeischen Kreis , which was later called the Lübben district. After the transition to Prussia in 1815, the district membership did not change. Wittmannsdorf remained with the district of Lübben even during the district reforms of 1950 and 1952. On September 1, 1973, Wittmannsdorf and Bückchen merged to form the municipality of Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen. In 1990 the Lübben district was renamed the Lübben district. In 1992 a total of 17 municipalities including Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen formed the administrative community Amt Märkische Heide . In 1993 the three districts of Lübben , Luckau and Königs Wusterhausen were merged to form the new district of Dahme-Spreewald . In 2002 the Minister of the Interior of Brandenburg approved the merger of eight communities to form the new community of Märkische Heide. The merger took effect on October 26, 2003. The other municipalities of the office were incorporated into the new municipality by law, also with effect from October 26, 2003. The office Märkische Heide was dissolved at the same time. Since then, Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen has been part of the Märkische Heide community. A local council with three members is elected in the village. Mayor (2014) is Fred Nimtz. Wittmannsdorf is a part of the municipality of Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen.

On October 26, 2003, Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen merged with 16 other communities to form the new community of Märkische Heide. Since then, Wittmannsdorf has been an inhabited part of the municipality in the Wittmannsdorf-Bückchen district of the Märkische Heide municipality.

Church history

Village street with church (around 1900)

Wittmannsdorf was the mother church in the Middle Ages until well into modern times. The parish parish included: Bückchen, Plattkow, Pretschen and Wiese. Pretschen was still the mother church around 1350 and was only added to the parish district later. Wittmannsdorf today belongs to the parish of Groß Leuthen in the Evangelical Church District of Niederlausitz .

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Dahme-Spreewald lists two architectural and three ground monuments in the Wittmannsdorf district:

Architectural monuments

  • No. 09140554 To church 8 Rectory with farm building
  • No. 09140305 To church 28 Village church. The core of the village church of Wittmannsdorf probably dates from the 15th century, but was redesigned by the neo-Gothic renovation of 1889. It is a hall church with a retracted west tower made of field stone, and a rectangular brick choir added in 1889 and a brick porch on the south side. The interior is flat-roofed with neo-Gothic furnishings from the time of the renovation.

Soil monuments

  • No. 12497 Hallway 2: Bronze Age settlement , Mesolithic rest and work area
  • No. 12498 Hallway 2: German Middle Ages Church, German Middle Ages village center, Modern Age Church, Modern Village Center, German Middle Ages cemetery, Modern Cemetery.
  • No. 12517 Hallway 2: Bronze Age burial ground

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 3, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855 ( online at Google Books ) (hereinafter abbreviated to Berghaus, Landbuch, 3 with the corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 1. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (in the following abbreviated Historisches Ortlexikon Niederlausitz, 1 with corresponding page number).
  • Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Publishing house of the Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933 (hereinafter abbreviated to Lippert Urkundenbuch III, with corresponding page number).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Place names Niederlausitz
  2. ^ A b c Service portal of the state administration of the state of Brandenburg: Municipality of Märkische Heide
  3. ↑ a b Ernst Eichler : The place names of Niederlausitz. VEB Domowina publishing house, Bautzen 1975, p. 89.
  4. ^ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. G. Hayn, Berlin 1820, p. 218.
  5. ↑ August Schumann: Complete state, post and newspaper encyclopedia of Saxony, vol. 13. Wiesenburg to Zwutzsch. Gebr. Schumann, Zwickau 1826, online at Google Books , p. 206.
  6. ↑ a b Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. J. Scheu, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books , p. 673
  7. ↑ a b Berghaus, Landbuch 3, p.673 .
  8. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch 3, p. 139 .
  9. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch 3, p. 144 .
  10. ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. Cit. 1867, online at Google Books , p. 203.
  11. ↑ a b P. Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of manor and estate owners in the German Empire. I. Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , p. 238
  12. ↑ Historisches Ortlexikon Niederlausitz, 1, p. 224.
  13. ↑ a b Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.3 District Dahme-Spreewald, PDF
  14. ^ Friedrich Redlich : Social development and names of the agricultural production cooperatives with special consideration of Niederlausitz. In: The name in language and society. German-Slavic research on onomatology and settlement history, Volume 27, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1973, pp. 203-219, especially p. 206
  15. ^ Lippert, Urkundenbuch, III, p. 186.
  16. ^ Lippert, Urkundenbuch, III, p. 235.
  17. ↑ a b Lippert, Urkundenbuch, III, p. 236.
  18. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Swearing-in of the administrator of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf, Gustav Heros. 1683
  19. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Lease of the Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf goods by Ludwig Reichsgraf von Blumenthal to the locksmith Georg Graßmann. 1703-1704
  20. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: reports from the leaseholder of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf, Ludwig Eckardt, to the von Blumenthal family on economic issues. 1708-1718
  21. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Economic affairs of Pretschen and Wittmannsdorf under the tenant Johann Andreas Kreiselmeyer. 1723-1725
  22. ^ German gender book (Genealogisches Handbuch bürgerlicher Familien), Volume 156, 1971, p. 275, snippets at Google Books
  23. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. Cit. 1844, online at Google Books , p. 175
  24. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. Reinhold Kühn, Berlin 1857, online at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , p. 112
  25. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch 3, p.674 .
  26. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Frankfurt ad Oder. Year 1856, Extraordinary Supplement to Official Gazette No. 41 of October 8, 1856, online at Google Books , p. 20
  27. ↑ Klaus Neitmann : "Has been the ornament of the country". Lübben (Spreewald) as reflected in archival sources. Bebra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2006, online at Google Books , p. 111
  28. ↑ Formation of the offices of Niemegk and Märkische Heide. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of October 29, 1992. In: Official Journal for Brandenburg. Joint ministerial journal for the state of Brandenburg. Volume 3, number 94, December 8, 1992, p. 2128.
  29. ^ Formation of a new community in Märkische Heide. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of September 4, 2002. In: Official Journal for Brandenburg. Joint ministerial journal for the state of Brandenburg. Volume 13, number 39, September 18, 2002, p. 843, PDF .
  30. ↑ Sixth law on state-wide municipal reform concerning the districts of Dahme-Spreewald, Elbe-Elster, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Oder-Spree and Spree-Neiße (6th GemGebRefGBbg) of March 24, 2003 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, I (Laws). 2003, No. 05, p. 93
  31. ↑ Main statute of the municipality of Märkische Heide from February 17, 2009, PDF ( Memento from December 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  32. ^ Rudolf Lehmann: Studies on the history of the church organization and administration of the Lausitz in the Middle Ages. St. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig 1986 (= studies on the history of the Catholic diocese and monastery, volume 28), ISBN 3-7462-0127-6 , p. 25
  33. ^ Parish parish Groß Leuthen
  34. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg. District of Dahme-Spreewald. Status: December 31, 2016, PDF ( Memento from July 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive )