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*[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:Long term abuse/Wooey Parks]]
{{current-related|person|Nobel Peace Prize}}
{{Infobox President|name= Martti Ahtisaari
|order=10th [[President of Finland]]
|nationality={{flag|Finland}}
|image=Martti Ahtisaari.jpg
|term_start=March 1, 1994
|term_end=March 1, 2000
|predecessor=[[Mauno Koivisto]]
|successor=[[Tarja Halonen]]
|office2=Finland's Ambassador to [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], [[Somalia]] and [[Mozambique]]
|term_start2=1973
|term_end2=1977
|predecessor2=
|successor2=
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1937|6|23}}
|birth_place=[[Viipuri]], [[Finland]]
|spouse=[[Eeva Ahtisaari|Eeva Irmeli Ahtisaari]]
|party=[[Social Democratic Party of Finland]]
|languagesspoken=
}}
'''Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari''' ([[help:IPA|pronounced]] {{Audio-vanilla|lang=Finnish|Fi-Martti_Ahtisaari.ogg|[ˈmɑrt:i ˈoivɑ ˈkɑleʋi ˈɑhtisɑ:ri]}}) (born on [[1937]] [[June 23]]) is a former [[President of Finland]] (1994–2000) and a [[United Nations]] diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work. His most recent appointment was as [[UN]] [[Special Envoy]] at the [[Kosovo status process]] negotiations, aimed at resolving a long-running dispute in [[Kosovo]], which declared its independence from [[Serbia]] in 2008. Later that year he was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts".<ref name="nobelprize1">[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2008/ 2008 Nobel Peace Prize]</ref>


==Account history==
== Youth and early career ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:91%"
Martti Ahtisaari was born in [[Viipuri]], Finland,<ref>Now [[Vyborg]], [[Russia]].</ref> while his father, Oiva, was a [[non-commissioned officer]] in the service corps. [[Oiva Ahtisaari]], whose grandfather had emigrated to Finland from southern [[Norway]], took Finnish citizenship in 1929, changing his surname from Adolfsen in 1935. The [[Continuation War]] took Martti's father to the front as a military mechanic, while his mother, Tyyne, moved to [[Kuopio]] with her son to escape immediate danger from the war.<ref name=geneologiafi>[http://www.genealogia.fi/vsk/44/v8-28.pdf President Ahtisaari's ancestors] a study by Suomen Sukututkimusliitto (the Finnish genealogy society).</ref> Kuopio was where Ahtisaari spent most of his childhood and first attended school.
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==Pages edited==
In 1952, Oiva moved to [[Oulu]] with his family for employment reasons. In Oulu, Martti Ahtisaari joined the local [[YMCA]]. After completing his military service (Ahtisaari holds the rank of [[Captain (Land)|captain]] in the [[Finnish Army]] Reserve), he began to study through a distance-learning course at the teachers' college in Oulu. There he was able to live at home while attending the two-year course which enabled him to qualify as a primary-school teacher in 1959. Besides his native language, Ahtisaari speaks [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], and [[German language|German]].
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*[[:Talk:When Sparrows Cry]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/When Sparrows Cry|links]])
*[[:Talk:Wooey Parks]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wooey Parks|links]])


*[[:Dance Movie]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Dance Movie|links]])
In 1960, he moved to [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]], to lead the YMCA's physical education training establishment, where he became accustomed to a more international environment. As well as the managing of the students' home, the job involved training teachers, which in itself suited him well. He returned to Finland in 1963 and went to [[Helsinki]] Polytechnic and also was active in organizations responsible for aid to developing countries. In 1965, he joined the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of [[Finland]] in its Bureau for International Development Aid, eventually becoming the assistant head of the department. In 1968, he married Eeva Irmeli Hyvärinen (1936- ). The couple has one son, [[Marko Ahtisaari]], a noted musician and producer.
*[[:Reptar versus the Snow Serpents]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Reptar versus the Snow Serpents|links]])


*[[::Category:Mothra]]
== Diplomatic career ==
In 1973, President [[Urho Kekkonen]] appointed Ahtisaari as Finland's ambassador to [[Tanzania]] and accredited him also to [[Zambia]], [[Somalia]] and [[Mozambique]]. During his term (1973-1977) he formed contacts with the Namibian independence group [[South-West Africa People's Organisation|SWAPO]] in [[Dar Es Salaam]]. In 1977, he was appointed [[United Nations Commissioner for Namibia]], based in [[New York]], and served until 1981. However, [[History of South Africa in the apartheid era|apartheid South Africa]], which occupied [[South-West Africa]] (Namibia) in defiance of the [[Security Council]], refused to recognise Ahtisaari or any of his [[UNCN]] predecessors.


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From 1984 to 1986, Ahtisaari served as Under-Secretary of State in charge of International Development Cooperation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland. In January 1987, UN Secretary-General [[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]] appointed Ahtisaari as [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Under-Secretary-General for Administration and Management]], which lasted until 1991 June 30.
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Following the death of [[UN Commissioner for Namibia]], [[Bernt Carlsson]], on [[Alternative theories of the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103#South-West Africa (Namibia)|Pan Am Flight 103]] on December 21, 1988 – on the eve of the signing of the [[New York Accords|Namibian independence agreement]] at [[UN headquarters]] – Ahtisaari was sent to [[Namibia]] in April 1989 as the [[Special Representative of the Secretary-General|UN Special Representative]] to head the [[United Nations Transition Assistance Group]] (UNTAG). Because of an alleged incursion of [[SWAPO]] troops from [[Angola]], the South African appointed Administrator-General (AG), [[Louis Pienaar]], sought Ahtisaari's agreement to the deployment of [[SADF]] troops to stabilize the situation. Ahtisaari took advice from British prime minister, [[Margaret Thatcher]], who was visiting the region at the time, and approved the SADF deployment. A period of intense fighting ensued when at least 375 [[SWAPO]] insurgents were killed.<ref>[[History of Namibia#Transition to independence|Shaky start on the road to independence]]</ref>
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==Watchlist==
Perhaps because of his reluctance to authorise this SADF deployment, Ahtisaari was alleged to have been targeted by the South African [[Civil Cooperation Bureau]] (CCB). According to a hearing in September 2000 of the South African [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]], two CCB operatives (Kobus le Roux and Ferdinand Barnard) were tasked not to kill Ahtisaari, but to give him "a good hiding". To carry out the assault, Barnard had planned to use the grip handle of a metal saw as a knuckleduster. In the event, Ahtisaari did not attend the meeting at the Keetmanshoop Hotel, where Le Roux and Barnard lay in wait for him, and thus Ahtisaari escaped injury.<ref>[http://www.doj.gov.za./trc/amntrans/2000/200928ct.htm Targeted by the [[Civil Cooperation Bureau]] ]</ref>
*[[:Talk:Apparition (film)]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Apparition (film)|links]])

*[[:Talk:Astral (film)]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Astral (film)|links]])
After the independence elections of 1989, Ahtisaari was appointed an honorary Namibian citizen. [[South Africa]] gave him the [[Oliver Tambo|O R Tambo]] award for "his outstanding achievement as a diplomat and commitment to the cause of freedom in Africa and peace in the world".<ref>[http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=226 Outstanding achievement award]</ref>
*[[:Talk:Astral (movie)]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Astral (movie)|links]])

*[[:Talk:Lemonheart]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Lemonheart|links]])
== President of Finland ==
*[[:Talk:Rob Zombie's The Most Dangerous Game]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Rob Zombie's The Most Dangerous Game|links]])
Ahtisaari's presidential campaign in [[Finland]] began when he was still a member of the council dealing with [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]]. Finland's on-going [[recession]] caused established political figures to lose public support, and the presidential elections were now direct, instead of being conducted through an [[electoral college]]. In 1993, Ahtisaari accepted the candidacy of the [[Social Democratic Party of Finland|Social Democratic Party]]. His politically untarnished image was a major factor in the election, as was his vision of Finland as an active participant in international affairs. Ahtisaari narrowly won over his second round opponent, [[Elisabeth Rehn]] of the [[Swedish People's Party (Finland)|Swedish People's Party]].
*[[:King Cobra (Toho)]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/King Cobra (Toho)|links]])

*[[:Robo-Yeti]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Robo-Yeti|links]])
His term as president began with a schism within the [[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre Party]] government led by prime minister [[Esko Aho]], who did not approve of Ahtisaari's being actively involved in foreign policy. There was also some controversy over Ahtisaari's speaking out on domestic issues such as unemployment. He travelled extensively in Finland and abroad, and was nicknamed "Matka-Mara" (''"Travel-Mara"''). His monthly travels throughout the country and his meetings with ordinary citizens (the so-called ''maakuntamatkat'' or "provincial trips") nonetheless greatly enhanced his political popularity.
*[[:Monster from a Prehistoric Planet]]

*[[:Ai Maeda (actress)]]
In January 1998 Ahtisaari was criticized by some NGOs, politicians and notable cultural figures because he awarded medals of honour to the Forest Minister of Indonesia and to the main owner of Indonesian RGM-company. April company was criticized by non-govermental organizations for destroying rain forests and Indonesia itself was criticized heavily for human right violations, especially in [[East-Timor]]. Ahtisaari's party chairman [[Erkki Tuomioja]] said that giving medals was questionable since he feared the act may confuse the image of Finnish human rights policy. Students of the arts had demonstrations in Helsinki against the decision to give medals.<ref>Helsingin Sanomat, kotimaa, 15th of January, 1998, 1. edition, "Mielenosoitus: Kunniamerkit takaisin Indonesiasta"</ref><ref>Helsingin Sanomat, Talous, 21. of march, 2000, 3. edition, "Ahtisaari saanee vastaehdokkaan UPM:n hallitus-vaaliin" (tässä jutussa on vain Luontoliiton osuus)</ref>
*[[:Aika Mitsui]]

*[[:Aki Maeda]]
President Ahtisaari supported Finland's entry into the [[European Union]], and in a referendum in 1994, 56 percent of Finnish voters were in favour of membership. During Ahtisaari's term as president, [[Boris Yeltsin]] and [[Bill Clinton]] met in [[Helsinki]]. He also negotiated alongside [[Viktor Chernomyrdin]] with [[Slobodan Milošević]] to end the [[Kosovo War|fighting]] in the [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] province of [[Kosovo]] in 1999.
*[[:Bee]]

*[[:Brittany Snow]]
Often encountering resistance from the Finnish parliament, which preferred a more cautious foreign policy, as well as from within his own party, Ahtisaari did not seek re-election in 2000. He was succeeded by the foreign minister [[Tarja Halonen]], who became the first female president of Finland.
*[[:Chupacabra]]

*[[:Cody Linley]]
== Post-presidential career ==
*[[:Fire ant]]
Since leaving office, Ahtisaari has accepted positions in various international organisations.
*[[:Hummingbird]]
In 2000, the [[United Kingdom|British]] government appointed him to the team overseeing the inspections of [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] weapons decommissioning in [[Northern Ireland]]. Ahtisaari also founded [[Crisis Management Initiative]] (CMI), an independent, non-governmental organisation with a goal in developing and sustaining peace in troubled areas.
*[[:Mae Whitman]]

*[[:Michael Chiklis]]
On 2000 December 1, Ahtisaari was awarded the [[Fulbright Program#Fulbright Prize|J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding]] by the Fulbright Association in recognition of his work as peacemaker in some of the world’s most troubled areas.
*[[:Mirai Shida]]

*[[:Misako Uno]]
In 2005, Ahtisaari successfully led peace negotiations between the [[Free Aceh Movement]] (GAM) and the [[Indonesia]]n government through his non-governmental organization CMI. The negotiations ended on 2005 August 15 with a treaty on withdrawal of the armed Indonesian forces while GAM demands for an independent [[Aceh]] were dropped.
*[[:Queen ant]]

*[[:Queen bee]]
In November 2005, [[UN Secretary-General]] [[Kofi Annan]] appointed Ahtisaari as Special Envoy for the [[Kosovo status process]] which was to determine whether Kosovo should become independent or remain a province of [[Serbia]]. (Kosovo had been administered by the United Nations since the 1999 Kosovo War.) In early 2006, Ahtisaari opened the UN Office of the Special Envoy for Kosovo ([http://www.unosek.org UNOSEK]) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], from where he conducted the Kosovo status negotiations. Those opposed to Ahtisaari's settlement proposal, which involved an internationally-monitored independence for Kosovo, sought to discredit him. Allegations made by Balkan media sources of corruption and improper conduct by Ahtisaari were described by [[US State Department]] spokesman Tom Casey as "spurious", adding that Ahtisaari's plan is the "best solution possible" and has the "full endorsement of the United States".<ref>[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2007/jul/88362.htm US State Department press briefing]</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' suggested that this criticism of Ahtisaari on the part of the Serbs had led to the "bogging down" of the Kosovo status talks.<ref name=NYTimessept>. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/02/world/europe/02kosovo.html?ex=1158984000&en=d4d08af1a6c4944b&ei=5070 ''The New York Times'' - Serbs Criticize UN Mediator, Further Bogging Down Kosovo Talks]</ref>
*[[:Rachel Covey]]

*[[:Rei Kikukawa]]
In July 2007, however,when the troika of the [[EU]], [[Russia]] and the [[United States]] agreed to find a new format for the talks, Ahtisaari announced that he regarded his mission as over. Since neither the UN nor the troika had asked him to continue mediations in the face of Russia's persistent refusal to support independence for Kosovo, he said he would nonetheless be willing to take on "a role as consultant", if requested.<ref>[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2706414,00.html Contact Group Meets on Kosovo's Future as Tensions Rise]</ref> After a period of uncertainty and mounting tension, Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia in February 2008.<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-07-02-voa66.cfm US Pleased With Post-Independence Progress In Kosovo]</ref>
*[[:Rumi Hiiragi]]

*[[:Shia LaBeouf]]
As a former head of state, Ahtisaari is a member of the [[Club of Madrid]].<ref>[http://www.clubmadrid.org The Club of Madrid comprises 66 democratic former heads of state and government]</ref>
*[[:Suzuka Ohgo]]

*[[:Skin-walker]] ([[:Yenaldooshi]])
Ahtisaari strongly defended the actions of United States at the crisis that preceded the current war of Iraq.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv3.fi/uutiset/arkisto.shtml/arkistot/kotimaa/2003/03/159756 |title=Ahtisaari puolustaa Yhdysvaltain toimia |publisher=MTV3.fi |date=2003-03-16 |accessdate=2008-10-10}}</ref> After the war had started, Ahtisaari gave a statement in November: "Since I know that about a million people have been killed by the government of Iraq, I do not need much those weapons of mass destruction".<ref>''[[Helsingin Sanomat]]'', 2003 August 1.</ref> (Iraq's weapons of mass destruction were the primary reason the USA gave to justify its attack.) Finnish intellectual and the professor of history [[Juha Sihvola]],<ref>http://www.helsinki.fi/teol/steol/mind/members/sihvola.html.</ref> who thinks the current war in Iraq was not justified, criticized Ahtisaari's conclusions about the morality of the war, saying that they were "astounding".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arkisto.vihrealanka.fi/2003/33/kolumni.html |title=Vihreä Lanka 15.8.2003 - kolumni |publisher=Arkisto.vihrealanka.fi |date= |accessdate=2008-10-10}}</ref>
*[[:Worker bee]]

[[Johan Galtung]], Norwegian founder of peace studies, has heavily criticized Ahtisaari's way of handling peace processes. Galtung claims that "Ahtisaari does not solve conflicts but drives through short-term solutions that please western countries". He further says that Ahtisaari "lets the EU abuse himself". According to Galtung, Ahtisaari does not hesitate to favor solutions that bypass the United Nations and international law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voima.fi/content/view/full/2493 |title=Voima - Voima / arkisto / Vuosikerta 2008 / Voima 2/2008 / Charmantti Martti |publisher=Voima.fi |date= |accessdate=2008-10-10}}</ref>

In 2008 Ahtisaari was awarded an honorary degree by [[University College, London]]. That same year he received the 2007 [[UNESCO]] [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize]], for "his lifetime contribution to world peace".<ref>[http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/ajankohtaista/tiedotteet/tiedote/en.jsp?toid=2213&c=0&moid=2217&oid=240323 Valtioneuvosto - Ahtisaari received the UNESCO Peace Prize]</ref>

It was announced on 2008 October 10 that he was to be awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], that includes a medal, a personal diploma, and 10 million Swedish crowns ($1.4 million) in prize money. The Committee plans to award the prize to Ahtisaari on 2008 December 10 at Oslo City Hall in Norway. Ahtisaari twice worked to find a solution in Kosovo -- first in 1999 and again between 2005 and 2007. He also worked with others this year to find a peaceful solution to the problems in Iraq, the committee said. According to the Committee, Ahtisaari and his group, Crisis Management Initiative, also contributed to resolving other conflicts in Northern Ireland, Central Asia, and the Horn of Africa.

== Awards ==
*2000: [[Fulbright_Program#Fulbright_Prize|J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding]]
*2000: [[Four Freedoms Award]]
*2000: [[Hessen Peace Prize]]<ref>http://www.cmi.fi/?content=speech&id=11.</ref>
*2004: [[Oliver Tambo|OR Tambo Award]]
*2008: [[Delta Prize for Global Understanding]]
*2008: [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize]]
*2008: [[Nobel Peace Prize]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.ahtisaari.fi Martti Ahtisaari's homepage]
*[http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributors/contributor_comm.php4?id=689 Martti Ahtisaari's Project Syndicate op/eds]
*[http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/laureates/laureates-2008/announce-2008/ Martti Ahtisaari wins 2008 Nobel Peace Prize]

{{start box}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[President of Finland]]|before=[[Mauno Koivisto]]|years=1994–2000|after=[[Tarja Halonen]]}}
{{end box}}

{{Finnish Presidents}}
{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 2001-2025}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Ahtisaari, Martti
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Ahtisaari, Martti Oiva Kalevi
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Former [[President of Finland]] (1994–2000) and a [[United Nations|UN]] diplomat and mediator
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[1937]] [[June 23]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Vyborg|Viipuri]], [[Finland]] (now Vyborg, Russia)
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahtisaari, Martti}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Presidents of Finland]]
[[Category:Finnish politicians]]
[[Category:Finnish diplomats]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav]]
[[Category:Knights of the Elephant]]
[[Category:People from Viipuri (Finnish city)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Star of Romania Order]]
[[Category:Social democrats]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]

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Revision as of 15:32, 10 October 2008

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