Germander

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Germander
Sage gamander flowers (Teucrium scorodonia)

Sage gamander flowers ( Teucrium scorodonia )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Ajugoideae
Genre : Germander
Scientific name
Teucrium
L.

The germander ( Teucrium ) constitute a genus within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). In terms of flower morphology, it is characterized by the apparent absence of the upper lip of the corolla. The approximately 250 species are distributed almost worldwide, with the focus on biodiversity in the Mediterranean area. The plant name "germander" comes from the Greek word chamaedrys ( noble germander ) with reference to oak-like leaves .

description

Illustration of the grape gamander ( Teucrium botrys )
Illustration from Donovan S. Correll, Helen B. Correll: Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States , p. 1410 by Teucrium cubense
Illustration from Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles , 1827, plate 223 from Teucrium vesicarium
Illustration from Henri-Joseph Redouté, 1798 from Teucrium resupinatum

Vegetative characteristics

In germander species is rarely one- to two-year or mostly perennial herbaceous plants , semi-shrubs or shrubs . There are rhizomes or spur formed. The independently upright or ascending shoot axes are usually square, simple or branched from the base. The plant parts are aromatic or badly scented.

The opposite leaves are stalked or almost sessile. The leaf blades are heart-shaped to lanceolate. The leaf margin is entire, notched, serrated differently or pinnately split. There is pinnate veins .

Generative characteristics

Usually two to six, rarely up to ten flowers are in pseudo-whorls in the axils of foliage-like bracts or in terminal racemose or racemose total inflorescences composed of racemose partial inflorescences . Often the number of flowers in the dummy whorls is reduced to one. The bracts are rhombic-ovate to linear-lanceolate with smooth or serrated edges. There are flower stalks.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused tubular to bell-shaped and the calyx has ten nerves. The calyx throat is hairy bald to wreath-shaped. The calyx teeth are similar and the calyx is radial symmetry, or the calyx is two-lipped. If the calyx is two-lipped, the upper lip is tridentate and the uppermost calyx is the largest and the lower lip is bidentate. The color of the flower crowns is very diverse. The crown has a short corolla tube without a hair ring on the inside. The corolla tube can be shorter or longer than the calyx. Only the lower lip is clearly developed. The upper lip is inconspicuous, short and split. The tips are moved towards the lower lip, giving the impression that the lower lip is five-lobed and the upper lip is completely missing. The crown tongue is five-lobed, the middle lobes being circular or spatula-shaped, or rarely with two columns, and the four lateral lobes are only relatively small. The four stamens protrude from the corolla tube and one pair is slightly longer than the other. The pollen is operculat. The upper ovary is spherical and slightly four-lobed. The stylus is the same length to slightly longer than the stamens. The stylus ends in two short, equal to slightly unequal scars branches . A discus is well developed or absent.

Klaus fruit breaks down into four Klausen. The Klausen are obovate to more or less spherical, their surface is veiny-wrinkled or smooth, hairy or glabrous. The lateral areoles are 0.3 to 0.8 times as long as the Klausen. Endosperm is mostly present. An elaiosome is missing.

The chromosome numbers are 2n = 10 to 104, the most common being 2n = 26 or 32.

ecology

The flowers are predominantly proterandric . The pollination is often done by bees and bumblebees .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Teucrium was established by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Teucrium L. are: Botrys Fourr. , Chamaedrys Mill. , Iva Fabr. Nom. illeg., Kinostemon Kudô , Melosmon Raf. , Monipsis Raf. , Monochilon Dulac , Oncinocalyx F. Muell. , Poliodendron Webb & Berthel. , Polium Mill. , Scordium Mill. , Scorodonia Hill , Scorbion Raf. , Spartothamnella Briq. , Spartothamnus A. Cunn . ex Walp. nom. illeg., Teucridium Hook. f. , Trixago Raf.

The genus Teucrium belongs to the subfamily Ajugoideae within the family Lamiaceae .

Depending on the author, the genus Teucrium is divided into a few to many sections.

The approximately 250 Teucrium species are distributed almost worldwide. The focus of biodiversity is in the Mediterranean area. Few species thrive in the tropics. There are about 18 species in China. There are 50 species in Europe. In Central Europe there are grape germander ( Teucrium botrys ), noble germander ( Teucrium chamaedrys ), mountain germander ( Teucrium montanum ), garlic germander ( Teucrium scordium ) and sage germander ( Teucrium scorodonia L.).

There are about 250 species of Teucrium :
Teucrium aroanium
Teucrium asiaticum
Teucrium betonicum
Teucrium bicolor
Grape germander ( Teucrium botrys )
Teucrium brevifolium
Teucrium canadense
Teucrium capitatum
Teucrium carthaginense
Noble germander ( Teucrium chamaedrys )
Teucrium compactum
Teucrium corymbosum
Teucrium cossonii
Teucrium creticum
Teucrium divaricatum
Teucrium dunense
Yellow germander ( Teucrium flavum )
Shrubby germander ( Teucrium fruticans )
Teucrium heterophyllum
Teucrium hircanicum
Habit, opposite leaves and inflorescences of Teucrium hircanicum
Teucrium japonicum
Teucrium lamiifolium
Teucrium marum
Mountain germander ( Teucrium montanum )
Mountain germander ( Teucrium montanum )
Teucrium orientale
Teucrium pseudochamaepitys
Teucrium pyrenaicum
Teucrium racemosum
Teucrium ramosissimum
Garlic germander ( Teucrium scordium )
Sage germander ( Teucrium scorodonia )
Teucrium subspinosum
Teucrium yemense
  • Teucrium abolhayatensis Ranjbar & Mahmoudi : It was first described from Iran in 2017.
  • Teucrium abutiloides L'Hér. : This endemic occurs only in Madeira .
  • Teucrium africanum Thunb. : It occurs only in the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape and Western Cape .
  • Teucrium afrum (Emb. & Maire) Pau & Font Quer : There have been three subspecies since 1989/90:
    • Teucrium afrum (Emb. & Maire) Pau & Font Quer subsp. afrum : It occurs from central to southern Spain and in Morocco .
    • Teucrium afrum subsp. rhiphaeum (Font Quer & Pau) Castrov. & Bayon : It occurs in Morocco.
    • Teucrium afrum subsp. rubriflorum (Font Quer & Pau) Castrov. & Bayon : It occurs in Morocco.
  • Teucrium ajugaceum F.M.Bailey & F.Muell. : It occurs only in the Australian state of Queensland .
  • Teucrium aladagense Vural & H.Duman : It was first described from Turkey in 2015.
  • Teucrium albicaule Toelken : It is common in Australia .
  • Teucrium albidum Munby : Home is Algeria .
  • Teucrium alborubrum Hemsl. (In the Flora of China as Kinostemon alboruber (Hemsl.) CYWu & S.Chow ): It only occurs in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Hubei.
  • Teucrium × alexeenkoanum Juz. (= Teucrium canum × Teucrium chamaedrys )
  • Teucrium algarbiense (Cout.) Cout. : The home is southern Portugal and southwestern Spain .
  • Teucrium alopecurus Noë : Home is Tunisia .
  • Teucrium alpestre Sm .: The home is Crete .
  • Teucrium × alvarezii Alcaraz, Sánchez-Gómez, Torre & S.Ríos (= Teucrium capitatum subsp. Capitatum × Teucrium murcicum )
  • Teucrium alyssifolium Stapf : The home is southwestern Turkey .
  • Teucrium andrusi Post : The homeland is southeastern Turkey.
  • Teucrium angustissimum Schreb. : The home is Spain.
  • Teucrium anlungense C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives on open mountain slopes at altitudes of 600 to 1500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan . In traditional Chinese medicine, it is a medicinal plant.
  • Teucrium annandalei Mukerjee : The home is Myanmar .
  • Teucrium antiatlanticum (Maire) Sauvage & Vindt : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium antilibanoticum Mouterde : Home is Syria .
  • Teucrium antitauricum Ekim : The homeland is southern Turkey.
  • Teucrium apollinis Maire & Weiller : The home is Libya .
  • Teucrium aragonense Loscos & J.Pardo : Home is northeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium arduinoi L .: It is common on the western Balkan peninsula .
  • Teucrium argutum R.Br. : It is common in eastern Australia.
  • Teucrium aristatum Pérez Lara : The home is southern France and Spain.
  • Teucrium aroanium Orph. ex Boiss. : The home is southern Greece .
  • Teucrium asiaticum L .: The only home is the Balearic Islands .
  • Teucrium atratum Pomel : The range includes Algeria and Tunisia .
  • Teucrium aureiforme Pomel  : The homeland is Algeria.
  • Teucrium aureocandidum Andr. (Syn .: Teucrium cylindraceum Greuter & Burdet ): It iswidespreadin northwestern Africa .
  • Teucrium aureum Schreb. (Syn .: Teucrium polium . Subsp aureum (Schreb) Arcang.. ): There are two subspecies since 1984:
    • Teucrium aureum Schreb. subsp. aureum (Syn .: Teucrium flavescens Schreb. , Teucrium flavicans Lam. , Teucrium lagascae Sennen , Teucrium queraltae Sennen , Teucrium capitatum var. flavescens (Schreb.) Nyman ): It occurs from Spain via France to Italy .
    • Teucrium aureum subsp. turdetanum Devesa & Valdés Berm. (Syn .: Teucrium angustifolium (Willk.) Peris, Figuerola & Stübing nom. Illeg., Teucrium lerrouxii Sennen , Teucrium turdetanum (Devesa & Valdés Berm.) Peris , Teucrium polium var. Montanum Boiss. , Teucrium polium subsp. Montanum (Boiss .) Rivas Goday & Rivas Mart. , Teucrium luteum subsp. Montanum (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet , Teucrium luteum subsp. Turdetanum (Devesa & Valdés Berm.) Greuter & Burdet , Teucrium aureum var. Angustifolium Willk. , Teucrium aureum subsp. angustifolium (arbitrary) Puech ex Valdés Berm. & Sanches Crespo ): It was first described in 1984. It occurs only from southern to southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium × badiae Sennen (= Teucrium aragonense × Teucrium aureum )
  • Teucrium balearicum (Coss. Ex Pau) Castrov. & Bayon : It only occurs in the Balearic Islands.
  • Teucrium balfourii Vierh. : She is endemic to Socotra .
  • Teucrium balthazaris Sennen : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium barbarum Jahand. & Maire : The home is Morocco.
  • Teucrium barbeyanum ash. & Deaf. ex EJDurand & Barratte : The home is Libya.
  • Teucrium × bergadense Sennen (= Teucrium aragonese × Teucrium polium )
  • Teucrium betchei (F.Muell.) Kattari & Salmaki : It occurs in eastern Australia.
  • Teucrium betonicum L'Hér. : This endemic occurs only in Madeira.
  • Teucrium bicolor Sm .: The homeland is Chile .
  • Teucrium bicoloreum Pau ex Vicioso : It is native to eastern and south-eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium bidentatum Hemsl. : It thrives in hillside forests at altitudes of 1000 to 1300 meters in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi , Guizhou, Hubei , Sichuan and Yunnan. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is a medicinal plant.
  • Teucrium bogoutdinovae Melnikov : It wasfirst describedfrom Moldova in 2014.
  • Grape germander ( Teucrium botrys L. )
  • Teucrium brachyandrum Puech : The home is France.
  • Teucrium bracteatum Desf. : The distribution area extends from Morocco to Algeria and southern Spain.
  • Short-leaved germander ( Teucrium brevifolium Schreb. ): It is widespread in the southern Aegean Sea , in Greece , in Asia Minor and in northeastern Africa.
  • Teucrium × bubanii Sennen (= Teucrium aureum × Teucrium chamaedrys )
  • Teucrium bullatum Coss. & Balansa : The home is Morocco.
  • Teucrium burmanicum Mukerjee : The home is Myanmar.
  • Teucrium buxifolium Schreb. : The home is south-eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium campanulatum L .: The range extends from North Africa to Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sicily and southern Italy .
  • Teucrium canadense L .: There are four varieties:
    • Teucrium canadense L. var. Canadense (Syn .: Teucrium bracteosum Raf. , Teucrium cinereum Raf. , Teucrium lanceolatum Raf. & Collins nom. Illeg., Teucrium littorale E.P.Bicknell , Teucrium menthifolium E.P.Bicknell , Teucrium mexicanum Sessé & Moc. , Teucrium petiolare Raf. , Teucrium riparium Raf. , Teucrium speciosum Hill , Teucrium roseum E.P.Bicknell , Teucrium undulatum Raf. , Teucrium canadense var. angustatum A. Gray , Teucrium canadense var. littorale Fernald ): It is distributed from Canada to the USA to northern Mexico and Cuba widespread.
    • Teucrium canadense var. Hypoleucum Griseb. (Syn .: Teucrium nashii Kearney , Teucrium canadense var. Nashii (Kearney) Shinners ): It occurs in the southeastern USA.
    • Teucrium canadense var. Occidentale (A.Gray) EMMcClint. & Epling (Syn .: Teucrium occidentale A.Gray , Teucrium boreale E.P.Bicknell , Teucrium canadense subsp. Occidentale (A.Gray) WAWeber , Teucrium canadense subsp. Viscidum (Piper) Roy L.Taylor & MacBryde , Teucrium canadense var. Boreale ( EPBicknell) Shinners ): It is common in the United States.
    • Teucrium canadense var. Virginicum (L.) Eaton (Syn .: Teucrium virginicum L. ): It occurs in the eastern USA.
  • Teucrium canum fish. & CAMey. : It is common in the Caucasus .
  • Headed germander ( Teucrium capitatum L. ): There are three subspecies:
    • Teucrium capitatum L. subsp. capitatum (Syn .: Teucrium achaemenis Schreb. , Teucrium album Poir. , Teucrium belion Schreb. nom. illeg., Teucrium cymosum Pers. , Teucrium majorana Pers. , Teucrium polycephalum Pomel , Teucrium capitatum var. lazari Sennen & Mauricio , Teucrium capcrium subsp . gussonii Nyman , Teucrium capitatum subsp. gypsicola Mateo & Arán ): It is widespread from the Mediterranean region through Eastern Europe and Western Asia, the Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia to Afghanistan .
    • Teucrium capitatum subsp. gracillimum (Rouy) Valdés Berm. (Syn .: Teucrium capitatum var. Gracillimum Rouy , Teucrium pycnophyllum Schreb. , Teucrium valentinum Schreb. , Teucrium capitatum subsp. Valentinum (Schreb.) PPFerrer, E. Laguna, Roselló, Gómez Nav., A.Guillén & JBP ): You occurs only in southeastern Spain.
    • Teucrium capitatum subsp. majoricum (Rouy) Nyman (Syn .: Teucrium majoricum Rouy , Teucrium pii-fontii (P.Palau) Greuter & Burdet , Teucrium willkommii Porta ): It occurs only in the Balearic Islands.
  • Teucrium carolipaui Vicioso ex Pau : There are two subspecies:
    • Teucrium carolipaui Vicioso ex Pau subsp. carolipaui : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
    • Teucrium carolipaui subsp. fontqueri (Sennen) Rivas Mart. : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium carthaginense Lange : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium x carvalhoi A.F. Carrillo & al. (= Teucrium balthazaris × Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum )
  • Teucrium cavanillesianum Font Quer & Jeronimo : This endemic occurs only in the Sierra de Gádor in Spain.
  • Teucrium cavernarum P.H.Davis : It occurs only in southern Turkey.
  • Noble germander ( Teucrium chamaedrys L. , Syn: Teucrium veronicifolium Salisb. Nom. Illeg.): There are about 15 subspecies:
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. albarracinii (Pau) Rech. f. : It occurs from Spain to France.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. algeriense Rech. f. : It occurs in Algeria.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys P.H. Davis subsp. chamaedrys It is widespread from Europe to West Asia .
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. germanicum (F.Herm.) Rech. f. : It occurs in France, Belgium and Germany .
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. gracile (Batt.) Rech. f. : It occurs in Morocco as well as Algeria.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. lydium O.Schwarz : It occurs from Greece to Turkey.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys var. Multinodum Bordz. : It occurs only in western Transcaucasia.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. nuchense (K. Koch) Rech. f. : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. olympicum Rech. f. : It occurs in Greece.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. pectinatum Rech. f. : It occurs from France to Italy.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. pinnatifidum (Sennen) Rech. f. : It occurs in Spain, the Balearic Islands and southern France and is extinct in Corsica.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. sinuatum (Celak.) Rech. f. : It occurs from eastern Turkey via Iraq to northern Iran.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. syspirense (K.Koch) Rech. f. : It occurs in Crimea and from Turkey to northern Iran.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. tauricola Rech. f. : It occurs from southwest to southern Turkey and in Syria.
    • Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. trapezunticum Rech. f. : It occurs in north-eastern Turkey and in western Transcaucasia.
  • Teucrium chardonianum Maire & Wilczek : The range extends from Morocco to Mauritania .
  • Teucrium charidemi Sandwith : This endemic occurs only in Cabo de Gata in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium chasmophyticum Rech. F. : It was first described in 1980 from northern Iraq.
  • Teucrium chlorocephalum Celak. : This endemic occurs only in the southern Spanish province of Málaga .
  • Teucrium chlorostachyum Pau & Font Quer : There have been two subspecies since 1997:
    • Teucrium chlorostachyum Pau & Font Quer subsp. chlorostachyum : It occurs in Morocco.
    • Teucrium chlorostachyum subsp. melillense (Sennen ex Maire) Ouqlidi, Mathez & T.Navarro : It occurs in Morocco.
  • Teucrium chrysotrichum Lange : It occurs only in southern Spain.
  • Teucrium cincinnatum Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium clementiae Ryding : It was first described in 1998. It occurs only in eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia .
  • Teucrium coahuilanum B.L. Turner : It wasfirst describedin 2005 from the Mexican state of Coahuila .
  • Teucrium × coeleste Schreb. (= Teucrium angustissimum × Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum )
  • Teucrium compactum Clemente ex Lag . : It occurs in southeastern Spain and North Africa.
  • Teucrium coniortodes Boiss. & Blanche : The home is Syria.
  • Teucrium × conquense M.B. Crespo & Mateo (= Teucrium capitatum × Teucrium gnaphalodes )
  • Teucrium × contejeanii Giraudias (= Teucrium montanum × Teucrium pyrenaicum )
  • Teucrium corymbiferum Desf. : The home is north-western Africa.
  • Teucrium corymbosum R.Br. : The distribution area extends from New Guinea to Australia.
  • Teucrium cossonii D.Wood : It occurs only in the Balearic Islands .
  • Teucrium creticum L .: It is common in the eastern Mediterranean.
  • Teucrium cubense Jacq. : It is distributed from southeastern California via Texas and Mexico to Costa Rica and on the Caribbean islands as well as from southern Brazil and Uruguay to northern Argentina .
  • Teucrium cuneifolium Sm .: This endemic occurs only in Crete .
  • Teucrium cyprium Boiss. : This endemic occurs only in western Cyprus .
  • Teucrium cyrenaicum (Maire & Weiller) Brullo & Furnari : It occurs only in northeastern Libya .
  • Teucrium davaeanum Coss. : It occurs only in northeastern Libya.
  • Teucrium dealeanum Emb. & Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium decaisnei C.Presl : The distribution area is Libya, Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula .
  • Teucrium decipiens Coss. & Balansa : The home is Morocco.
  • Teucrium demnatense Coss. ex batt. : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium divaricatum Sieber ex Heldr. : There are four subspecies:
    • Teucrium divaricatum subsp. athoum (Hausskn.) Bornm. : This endemic occurs in Greece only on Mount Athos .
    • Teucrium divaricatum subsp. canescens (Celak.) Holmboe : This endemic occurs only in Cyprus .
    • Teucrium divaricatum Sieber ex Heldr. subsp. divaricatum : It occurs in eastern Greece, on Crete , on the East Aegean Islands , in Turkey in Israel and in northeastern Libya .
    • Teucrium divaricatum subsp. graecum (Celak.) Bornm. : It occurs in east-central Greece, in southern Turkey and in Syria.
  • Teucrium × djebalicum Font Quer (= Teucrium afrum subsp. Rubriflorum × Teucrium pseudoscorodonia ).
  • Teucrium doumerguei Sennen : It occurs only in northern Morocco.
  • Teucrium ducellieri Batt. : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium dumulosum (Rech. F.) Brullo & Guarino (Syn .: Teucrium polium f. Dumulosum Rech. F. ): It has had the status of a species since 2000. This endemic occurs only in Crete .
  • Teucrium dunense Sennen : Since 2015 there are two subspecies:
    • Teucrium dunense Sennen subsp. dunense : It occurs in southwest Europe from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands to France.
    • Teucrium dunense subsp. sublittoralis P.P. Ferrer , R.Roselló, E. Laguna, Gómez Nav., A.Guillén & JB : It was first described in 2015 from Spain.
  • Teucrium eburneum Thulin : This endemic occurs only in northeastern Somalia.
  • Teucrium edetanum M.B.Crespo, Mateo & T.Navarro : It occurs only in eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium × eloualidii Sánchez-Gómez & T.Navarro (= Teucrium freynii × Teucrium lanigerum )
  • Teucrium embergeri (Sauvage & Vindt) El Oualidi, T.Navarro & A.Martin : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium eremaeum Diels : The homeland is southwestern Australia.
  • Teucrium eriocephalum Willk. : There have been four subspecies since 1988:
    • Teucrium eriocephalum subsp. almeriense (CEHubb. & Sandwith) T. Navarro & Rosua (Syn .: Teucrium almeriense C.E.Hubb. & Sandwith , Teucrium ellmanii C.E.Hubb. & Sandwith ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1988. It occurs only in southern Spain.
    • Teucrium eriocephalum Willk. subsp. eriocephalum : It occurs only in southern Spain.
    • Teucrium eriocephalum subsp. lutescens (Coincy) S.Puech (Syn .: Teucrium eriocephalum var. lutescens Coincy , Teucrium polium subsp. lutescens (Coincy) O.Bolòs & Vigo ): It occurs only in southern Spain.
    • Teucrium eriocephalum subsp. serranum (Pau) T. Navarro & Rosua (Syn .: Teucrium serranum Pau ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1988. It occurs only in southern Spain.
  • Teucrium × estevei Alcaraz, Sánchez-Gómez & JSCarrión (= Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum × Teucrium libanitis ).
  • Teucrium eximium O.Schwartz : It only occurs in Yemen .
  • Teucrium expassum Pau : Since 2015 there are two subspecies:
    • Teucrium expassum Pau subsp. expassum : It only occurs in northern and eastern Spain.
    • Teucrium expassum subsp. neilense Mateo & MBCrespo : It was first described from Spain in 2015.
  • Teucrium faurei Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium fililobum F. Muell. ex Benth. : The homeland is southwestern Australia.
  • Yellow germander ( Teucrium flavum L. ): The four subspecies are common in the Mediterranean area:
    • Teucrium flavum L. subsp. flavum : It occurs from south-eastern France, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy to the western Balkan peninsula and from Tunisia to Libya.
    • Teucrium flavum subsp. glaucum (Jord. & Fourr.) Ronniger : It occurs from the western to the central Mediterranean region from Spain via the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia , Italy to the former Yugoslavia as well as Greece and from Algeria to Morocco.
    • Teucrium flavum subsp. gymnocalyx Rech. f. : It occurs in southeastern Greece and on Crete.
    • Teucrium flavum subsp. hellenicum Rech. f. : It occurs from Greece via Crete and East Aegean Islands to western Turkey.
  • Teucrium fragile Boiss. : It occurs only in southern Spain.
  • Teucrium franchetianum Rouy & Coincy : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium francisci-werneri Rech. F. : It occurs only in southern Greece.
  • Teucrium francoi M.Seq., Capelo, JCCosta & R.Jardim : It wasfirst describedfrom Madeira in 2008.
  • Teucrium freynii E. Rev. ex will. : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Shrubby germander ( Teucrium fruticans L. ): This shrub up to 2.5 meters high is widespread in the western and central Mediterranean region.
  • Teucrium gattefossei Emb .: The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium glandulosum Kellogg : The range extends from southern California and Arizona to the Mexican state of Baja California .
  • Teucrium gnaphalodes L'Hér. : It is common on the Iberian Peninsula.
  • Teucrium × gnaphaureum M.B. Crespo & Mateo (= Teucrium aureum × Teucrium gnaphalodes )
  • Teucrium goetzei Gürke : It occurs only in southwestern Tanzania .
  • Teucrium gracile Barbey & Fors.-Major : This endemic occurs only on Karpathos .
  • Teucrium grandifolium R.A. Clement : Home is from Tibet to Bhutan .
  • Teucrium grandiusculum F. Muell. & Tate : There have been two subspecies since 1985:
    • Teucrium grandiusculum F. Muell. & Tate subsp. grandiusculum : It occurs in the Australian states of South Australia and Northern Territory .
    • Teucrium grandiusculum subsp. pilosum Toelken : It was first described in 1985 from the Australian state of South Australia.
  • Teucrium grisebachii Hieron. ex Epling : The home is northern Argentina.
  • Teucrium grosii Pau : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium × guemesii J.F. Jiménez , AFCarrillo, MACarrión (= Teucrium carolipaui subsp. Fontqueri × Teucrium lanigerum )
  • Teucrium gypsophilum Emb. & Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium haenseleri Boiss. : It is common on the Iberian Peninsula.
  • Teucrium halacsyanum Heldr. : It occurs only in western Greece.
  • Teucrium haradjanii Briq. ex Rech. f. : The distribution area includes Turkey and Syria.
  • Teucrium helichrysoides (Diels) Greuter & Burdet  : The range extends from North Africa to Chad ( Tibesti ).
  • Different-leaved germander ( Teucrium heterophyllum L'Hér. ): There have been three subspecies since 2000:
    • Teucrium heterophyllum subsp. brevipilosum Gaisberg : It was first described by the Canaries in 2000 .
    • Teucrium heterophyllum L'Hér. subsp. heterophyllum : It occurs only in southern Madeira .
    • Teucrium heterophyllum subsp. hierrense Gaisberg : It was first described by El Hierro in 2000 .
  • Teucrium heterotrichum Briq. ex Rech. f. : The home is Syria.
  • Teucrium heynei V.S.Kumar & Chakrab. : It occurs from southern India to Thailand.
  • Teucrium hieronymi Sennen : It occurs only in south-eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium hifacense Pau : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium hijazicum Hedge & RAKing : The home is the Arabian Peninsula .
  • Teucrium hircanicum L .: The range extends from northeastern Turkey to northern Iran.
  • Teucrium homotrichum (Font Quer) Rivas Mart. : It occurs only in eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium huotii Emb. & Maire : This endemic occurs only in the Rif in Morocco.
  • Teucrium integrifolium Benth. : It thrives in thickets at an altitude of about 1000 meters only in the Chinese province of Guizhou .
  • Teucrium intricatum Lange : This endemic occurs only in the Sierra de Gádor in southern Spain.
  • Teucrium japonicum Houtt. : There are four varieties:
    • Teucrium japonicum Houtt. var. japonicum : it is distributed in southern China, Japan and Korea .
    • Teucrium japonicum var. Microphyllum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It occurs in the Chinese provinces from Gansu to Henan.
    • Teucrium japonicum var. Pilosum Pamp. : It occurs in southern China.
    • Teucrium japonicum var. Tsungmingense C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It occurs in southeastern China.
  • Teucrium joannis (Sauvage & Vindt) El Oualidi, T.Navarro & A.Martin : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium jolyi Mathez & Sauvage : The distribution area is the western Sahara .
  • Teucrium jordanicum (Danin) Faried : Since 2015 there are two varieties:
    • Teucrium jordanicum (Danin) Faried var. Jordanicum : This new combination took place in 2015. The variety occurs only in western Jordan.
    • Teucrium jordanicum var. Sinaicum (Danin) Faried : This new combination took place in 2015. The variety occurs only on the Sinai Peninsula.
  • Teucrium junceum (A.Cunn. Ex Walp.) Kattari & Heubl : It occurs in eastern Australia.
  • Teucrium kabylicum Batt. : The home is Algeria .
  • Teucrium karpasiticum Hadjik. & Hand : It wasfirst describedfrom Cyprus in 2008.
  • Teucrium kotschyanum Poech : The range includes western and southern Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Aegean islands.
  • Teucrium kraussii Codd : It occurs in Swaziland and in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga .
  • Teucrium krymense Juz. : The homeland is the Crimea and the northwestern Caucasus region.
  • Teucrium kyreniae (PHDavis) Hadjik. & Hand : It received the rank of a species in 2008. This endemic occurs only in northern Cyprus.
  • Teucrium labiosum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives in hillside forests at altitudes of around 1200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Teucrium laciniatum Torr. : It is common in the USA .
  • Teucrium lamiifolium d'Urv. : The distribution area extends from southeast Bulgaria to Turkey.
  • Teucrium lanigerum Lag . : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium laxum D.Don : It is common in the Himalayas .
  • Teucrium leonis Sennen : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium lepicephalum Pau : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium leucocladum Boiss. : There have been two varieties since 1997:
    • Teucrium leucocladum var. Glandulosum Danin : It was first described in 1997 from the Sinai Peninsula.
    • Teucrium leucocladum Boiss. var. leucocladum : It occurs from southwestern Jordan and Israel via Egypt to Saudi Arabia.
  • Teucrium leucophyllum Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : There is an indication of the location from western-central Turkey, it is probably extinct.
  • Teucrium libanitis Schreb. : It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium lini-vaccarii Pamp. : It occurs only in northern Libya.
  • Teucrium lucidum L .: The home is the French and Italian Southwest Alps .
  • Teucrium lusitanicum Schreb. : There are three subspecies since 1998:
    • Teucrium lusitanicum subsp. aureiforme (Rouy) Valdés Berm. : It occurs only in southern Spain.
    • Teucrium lusitanicum subsp. clementiae T. Navarro, El Oualidi : It was first described in 1998 from the Sierra de Gata in southeastern Spain.
    • Teucrium lusitanicum Schreb. subsp. lusitanicum : It is common on the Iberian Peninsula.
  • Teucrium luteum (Mill.) Epee : There are three to eight subspecies:
    • Teucrium luteum subsp. flavovirens (Batt.) Greuter & Burdet : It occurs in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.
    • Teucrium luteum subsp. gabesianum (S.Puech) Greuter : It occurs in Tunisia.
    • Teucrium luteum (Mill.) Degen subsp. luteum (Syn .: Teucrium trifoliatum (Vahl) Willd. ): It occurs in the western Mediterranean in Spain, France, Sicily, Tunisia and Algeria.
  • Teucrium macrophyllum (CYWu & S.Chow) JHZheng (Syn .: Teucrium pilosum var. Macrophyllum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow ): Since 2002 (JH Zheng: Flora Hubeiensis , 3, p. 447) it has the rank of a species and is common in central China.
  • Teucrium macrum Boiss. & Hausskn. : It only occurs in western Iran.
  • Teucrium × maestracense M.B. Crespo & Mateo (= Teucrium aureum × Teucrium expassum )
  • Teucrium maghrebinum Greuter & Burdet : The homeland is Algeria and Morocco.
  • Teucrium × mailhoi Giraudias (= Teucrium aureum × Teucrium pyrenaicum )
  • Teucrium malenconianum Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium manghuaense Y.Z.Sun ex S.Chow : There are two varieties in the Chinese province of Yunnan:
    • Teucrium manghuaense var. Angustum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives in laurel forests at altitudes below 2000 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
    • Teucrium manghuaense Y.Z.Sun ex S.Chow var. Manghuaense : It thrives in laurel forests at altitudes of around 2800 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
  • Cat germander ( Teucrium marum L. ): It occurs only on western Mediterranean islands and on Murter in Croatia .
  • Teucrium mascatense Boiss. : The homeland are the states of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf to Oman .
  • Teucrium massiliense L .: The home is the western Mediterranean and Crete.
  • Teucrium × mateoi Solanas, MBCrespo & De la Torre (= Teucrium carolipaui × Teucrium homotrichum )
  • Teucrium melissoides Boiss. & Hausskn. : The distribution area extends from southeastern Turkey to northwestern Iran.
  • Teucrium micranthum B.J.Conn : It occurs only in the Australian state of Queensland .
  • Teucrium microphyllum Desf. : The distribution area extends from southwest Turkey to the southern Aegean islands.
  • Teucrium micropodioides Rouy : This endemic occurs only in Cyprus.
  • Teucrium mideltense (Batt.) Humbert : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium miragestorum Gómez Nav., Roselló, PPFerrer & Peris : It was first described from Spain in 2013.
  • Teucrium mitecum Tattou & El Oualidi : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium moleromesae Sánchez-Gómez, T.Navarro, JFJiménez, JBVera, Mota & del Río : It was first described from Spain in 2013.
  • Mountain germander ( Teucrium montanum L. ): There have been two subspecies since 1991:
    • Teucrium montanum subsp. helianthemoides (Adamovic) Baden (Syn .: Teucrium helianthemoides Adamovic ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1991. It occurs in Greece.
    • Teucrium montanum L. subsp. montanum : The range extends from the Mediterranean to Central Europe.
  • Teucrium montbretii Benth. : There have been five subspecies since 2012:
    • Teucrium montbretii subsp. heliotropiifolium (Barbey) PHDavis : This endemic occurs only on the island of Kárpathos .
    • Teucrium montbretii subsp. judaicum P.H.Davis : It occurs only in Israel.
    • Teucrium montbretii subsp. libanoticum P.H.Davis : It only occurs in Lebanon.
    • Teucrium montbretii Benth. subsp. montbretii It occurs in southern Turkey and northwestern Syria.
    • Teucrium montbretii subsp. pamphylicum P.H.Davis : It occurs only in southwestern Turkey.
    • Teucrium montbretii subsp. yildirimlii Dinç & Dogu : It was first described in 2012 from Turkey.
  • Teucrium × mugronense P.P. Ferrer, Roselló, Gómez Nav. & Guara (= Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum × Teucrium expassum )
  • Teucrium muletii Roselló, PPFerrer, E. Laguna, Gómez Nav., A.Guillén & Peris : It was first described in 2013 from eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium multicaule Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : There are two subspecies:
    • Teucrium multicaule Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. subsp. multicaule : It occurs in central Turkey and northern Syria.
    • Teucrium multicaule subsp. planifolium Post : It occurs in Syria.
  • Teucrium murcicum Sennen : It occurs only in southeastern Spain and on the Balearic Islands.
  • Teucrium musimonum Humbert ex Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium myriocladum Diels : It is common in western Australia.
  • Teucrium nanum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives on grassy slopes in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Teucrium × navarroi Sánchez-Gómez, Güemes, AFCarrillo, Coy & A.Hern. (= Teucrium rivas-martinezii × Teucrium thymifolium )
  • Teucrium novorossicum Melnikov : It was first described in 2014 from the northern Caucasus region.
  • Teucrium nudicaule Hook. : The home is Chile .
  • Teucrium nummularifolium Baker : It is native to the eastern and southern Arabian Peninsula.
  • Teucrium odontites Boiss. & Balansa : It only occurs in southern Turkey.
  • Teucrium oliverianum Went. ex Benth. : The distribution area extends from the Arabian Peninsula to Iran.
  • Teucrium omeiense Y.Z.Sun : There are two varieties:
    • Teucrium omeiense var. Cyanophyllum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives in moist forests at altitudes of 2300 to 2600 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
    • Teucrium omeiense Y.Z.Sun var. Omeiense : It thrives in damp forests at altitudes of 1200 to 2000 meters in the Chinese province of Sichuan.
  • Teucrium orientale L .: There are three varieties and two subspecies:
    • Teucrium orientale var. Glabrescens Hausskn. ex Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey, Syria and western Iran.
    • Teucrium orientale subsp. gloeotrichum Rech. f. : It occurs from western to central Iran.
    • Teucrium orientale L. var. Orientale : The range extends from Western Asia to the Caucasus.
    • Teucrium orientale var. Puberulens Ekim : It occurs in central Turkey, Transcaucasia and Iran.
    • Teucrium orientale subsp. taylorii (Boiss.) Rech. f. : It occurs in Transcaucasia, Iraq and Iran.
  • Teucrium ornatum Hemsl. (in the Flora of China as Kinostemon ornatum (Hemsl.) Kudô ): The distribution area extends from China to Vietnam. In China it thrives on wooded slopes at altitudes of 700 to 2600 meters in the provinces of Anhui, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Teucrium oxylepis Font Quer : Home is Spain.
  • Teucrium ozturkii A.P. Khokhr . : It was first described in 1997. This endemic occurs only in Erzurum, Turkey .
  • Teucrium paederotoides Boiss. : The distribution area extends from southern Turkey to Syria.
  • Teucrium parviflorum Schreb. : The distribution area extends from Western Asia to Transcaucasia .
  • Teucrium parvifolium (Hook. F.) Kattari & Salmaki (Syn .: Teucridium parvifolium Hook. F. ): This new combination took place in 2016. It occurs on both main islands of New Zealand .
  • Teucrium pernyi Franch. : It thrives in hilly areas and in fields in China at altitudes of 200 to 1100 meters.
  • Teucrium persicum Boiss. : It only occurs in southern Iran.
  • Teucrium pestalozzae Boiss. : It occurs only in southwestern Turkey.
  • Teucrium petelotii Doan ex Suddee & AJPaton : It was first described from Vietnam in 2007.
  • Teucrium pilbaranum B.J.Conn : It was first described in 1999. This endemic occurs only on the Fortescue River in the Australian state of Western Australia .
  • Teucrium plectranthoides Gamble : This endemic is only in the Tirunelveli Hills in the southern Indian district Tirunelveli before.
  • Teucrium polioides Ryding : It was first described from Somalia in 1998.
  • Teucrium polium L .: There are five subspecies:
    • Teucrium polium subsp. aurasiacum (Maire) Greuter & Burdet : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia.
    • Teucrium polium subsp. chevalieri Maire : It occurs in Algeria.
    • Teucrium polium subsp. clapae S.Puech : This endemic occurs only in south-eastern France.
    • Teucrium polium L. subsp. polium (Syn .: Teucrium aegypticum Pers. , Teucrium caespitulosum Dufour , Teucrium cephalotes Pomel , Teucrium chulilia Cav. ex Spreng. , Teucrium collinum Salisb. nom. Superfl., Teucrium compositum Pomel , Teucrium commune Rouy , Teucrium cylindricum Lam. ex Steud. , Teucrium foliosum Pomel , Teucrium gussonei Nyman , Teucrium lavandulatum Pourr. ex Benth. , Teucrium polium-trifoliatum Vahl , Teucrium polycephalon Medik. , Teucrium pulverulentum Coss. ex Barceló , Teucrium purpurascens Medik. , Teucrium purpureum link , Teucrium soloitanum (Maire) T Navarro & Rosua , Teucrium stoechadifolium Pomel , Teucrium subtriphyllum Lag. , Teucrium teuthrion Schreb. , Teucrium tomentosum Lam. ): It occurs in the western Mediterranean region (Spain, Corsica, France, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco).
    • Teucrium polium subsp. purpurascens (Benth.) S.Puech : It occurs in southern France.
  • Teucrium popovii R.A.King : It is only found in Saudi Arabia.
  • Teucrium × portusmagni Sánchez Gómez & al. (= Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum × Teucrium freynii )
  • Teucrium procerum Boiss. & Blanche : The range extends from Israel to northwestern Iran.
  • Teucrium proctorii L.O.Williams : Home is Guatemala .
  • Teucrium pruinosum Boiss. : The distribution area extends from Turkey to Israel.
  • Teucrium pseudaroanium Parolly, Erdag & Nordt : It was first described from Turkey in 2007.
  • Teucrium × pseudoaragonense M.B. Crespo & Mateo (= Teucrium angustissimum × Teucrium expassum )
  • Teucrium pseudochamaepitys L .: It is widespread in the western Mediterranean area.
  • Teucrium pseudoscorodonia Desf. : The distribution area is northwestern Africa and southwestern Spain.
  • Teucrium × pseudothymifolium Sánchez-Gómez, Güemes & AFCarrillo (= Teucrium rotundifolium × Teucrium thymifolium )
  • Teucrium puberulum (F.Muell.) Kattari & Bräuchler (Syn .: Spartothamnus puberulus F.Muell. , Spartothamnella puberula (F.Muell.) Maiden & Betche ): This new combination took place in 2016. It occurs in Australia.
  • Teucrium pugionifolium Pau : Home is Spain.
  • Teucrium × pujolii Sennen (= Teucrium aragonense × Teucrium chamaedrys )
  • Teucrium pumilum Loefl. ex L .: The home is Spain.
  • Teucrium pyrenaicum L .: There have been two subspecies since 1980/1:>
    • Teucrium pyrenaicum subsp. guarensis P.Monts. : It was first described in 1980/1. It occurs from the southern Pyrenees to northeastern Spain.
    • Teucrium pyrenaicum L. subsp. pyrenaicum : It occurs from northeastern Spain to southwestern France.
  • Teucrium quadrifarium Buch.-Ham. : The distribution area extends from Pakistan to southern China.
  • Teucrium racemosum R.Br. : It is common to Australia.
  • Teucrium radicans Bonnet & Barrette : Home is Tunisia.
  • Teucrium ramaswamii M.B. Viswan . & Manik. : It wasfirst describedin 2009 from Tamil Nadu, India.
  • Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. : The distribution area is northwest Africa.
  • Teucrium reidii Toelken & D. Dean Cunn. : It wasfirst describedin 2008 from the Australian state of South Australia .
  • Teucrium resupinatum Desf. : The distribution area is northwestern Africa and southern Spain.
  • Teucrium rhodocalyx O.Schwartz : This endemic occurs only in southeastern Yemen .
  • Teucrium rifanum (Maire & Sennen) Maire & Sennen (Syn .: Teucrium maroccanum Sennen & Mauricio nom. Nud., Teucrium rifeum Maire & Sennen ): This endemic only thrives in the Rif mountains in Morocco.
  • Teucrium rigidum Benth. : The distribution area extends from the eastern Mediterranean to northern Iraq.
  • Teucrium × rigualii De la Torre & Alcaraz (= Teucrium carolipaui × Teucrium libanitis )
  • Teucrium × riosii De la Torre & Alcaraz (= Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum × Teucrium carolipaui )
  • Teucrium rivas-martinezii Alcarez & al. : It was first described in 1984 from southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium rivasii Rigual ex Greuter & Burdet : It occurs only in south-eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium × riverae De la Torre & Alcaraz (= Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum × Teucrium dunense )
  • Teucrium rixanense Ruíz Torre & Ruíz Cast. : It occurs only in southern Spain.
  • Teucrium × robledoi De la Torre & Alcaraz (= Teucrium capitatum subsp. Gracillimum × Teucrium homotrichum )
  • Teucrium ronnigeri Sennen : There have been two subspecies since 2009:
    • Teucrium ronnigeri subsp. lagunae (Roselló, Peris & Stübing) MBCrespo & PPFerrer (Syn .: Teucrium lagunae Roselló, Peris & Stübing ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 2009. It occurs in Spain.
    • Teucrium ronnigeri Sennen subsp. ronnigeri : It only occurs in eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium rotundifolium Schreb. : Since 1986 there are two subspecies:
    • Teucrium rotundifolium Schreb. subsp. rotundifolium (Syn .: Teucrium cinereum Boiss. , Teucrium granatense (Boiss.) Boiss. & Reut. , Teucrium rotundifolium subsp. granatense (Boiss.) Emb. , Teucrium rotundifolium subsp. ruiziorum Fern.Casas ): It occurs only in southern Spain and Morocco before.
    • Teucrium rotundifolium subsp. transatlanticum Emb. ex Greuter, Burdet & G.Long : It was first described from Morocco in 1986.
  • Teucrium rouyanum Coste & Soulié : It only occurs in southern France .
  • Teucrium royleanum Wall. ex Benth. : The distribution area extends from eastern Afghanistan via Pakistan to Nepal.
  • Teucrium × rubrovirens Pau (= Teucrium capitatum × Teucrium huotii )
  • Teucrium rupestre Coss. & Balansa : The home is Morocco.
  • Teucrium × sagarrae Font Quer (= Teucrium carolipaui × Teucrium lepicephalum )
  • Teucrium salaminium Hadjik. & Hand : It was first described from Cyprus in 2011.
  • Teucrium salviastrum Schreb. : The home is Portugal.
  • Teucrium sandrasicum O.Schwarz : It occurs only in southwestern Turkey.
  • Teucrium sanguisorbifolium (Pau & Font Quer) Dobignard (Syn .: Teucrium rotundifolium var. Sanguisorbifolium Pau & Font Quer , Teucrium rotundifolium subsp. Sanguisorbifolium (Pau & Font Quer) Cohen ): It has been a species since 2009. It comes in Morocco in front.
  • Teucrium santae Quezel & Simonn. ex Greuter & Burdet : It was first described in 1985 from Algeria.
  • Teucrium sauvagei Le Houér. : The home is Tunisia.
  • Teucrium scabrum Suddee & AJPaton : It wasfirst describedin 2008/9 from western Thailand .
  • Teucrium schoenenbergeri Nabli : It was first described in 1990 from Tunisia.
  • Garlic germander ( Teucrium scordium L. ): The range extends from Europe to northern China.
  • Sage germander ( Teucrium scorodonia L. ): There have been four subspecies since 1982:
    • Teucrium scordium subsp. glabrescens (Murata) Rech. f. : It occurs in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
    • Teucrium scordium subsp. scordioides (Schreb.) Arcang. : It is distributed from south-east Europe and north-west Africa across west and central Asia to north-west China.
    • Teucrium scordium L. subsp. scordium : It is distributed from western, central and southern, eastern to southeastern Europe and in western Asia and northern China.
    • Teucrium scordium subsp. serratum (Benth.) Rech. f. : It occurs from northeastern Iran via Afghanistan and Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Teucrium × scorolepis Pajarón & A.Molina (= Teucrium oxylepis × Teucrium scorodonia )
  • Teucrium serpylloides Maire & Weiller : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium sessiliflorum Benth. : It occurs from southern to southeastern Australia.
  • Teucrium shanicum Mukerjee : It occurs in Thailand and Myanmar.
  • Teucrium siculum (Raf.) Cast. : The homeland is Italy with Sicily and Greece .
  • Teucrium similatum T. Navarro & Rosua : The home is Spain.
  • Teucrium simplex Vaniot : It thrives in damp locations in laurel forests at altitudes of around 2000 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan.
  • Teucrium sirnakense Özcan & Dirmenci : It was first described in 2015 from Turkey.
  • Teucrium socinianum Boiss. : The home is Syria.
  • Teucrium socotranum Vierh. : It is endemic to northern and eastern Socotra .
  • Teucrium somalense Ryding : It occurs only in northwestern Somalia .
  • Teucrium spinosum L .: The range includes the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands .
  • Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. : There have been four subspecies since 1988:
    • Teucrium stocksianum subsp. incanum (Hedge & Lamond) Rech. f. : It occurs in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
    • Teucrium stocksianum subsp. patulum (Hedge & Lamond) Rech. f. : It occurs in southern Iran and Pakistan.
    • Teucrium stocksianum subsp. stenophyllum R.A.King : It was first described from Oman in 1988.
    • Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. subsp. stocksianum  : It occurs from the Arabian Peninsula via Iran and Afghanistan to Pakistan and north-western India.
  • Teucrium subspinosum Pourr. ex Willd. : It occurs only on the Balearic Islands Mallorca and Cabrera .
  • Teucrium taiwanianum T.H. Hsieh & TCHuang : It wasfirst describedfrom Taiwan in 1988.
  • Teucrium tananicum Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium teinense Kudô : Home is north to north-central Japan.
  • Teucrium terciae (Sánchez-Gómez, MACarrión & A.Hern.) Sánchez-Gómez, MACarrión & A.Hern. (Syn .: Teucrium buxifolium . Var terciae Sánchez-Gómez, MACarrión & A.Hern. , Teucrium buxifolium var. Fraternum Pau ): The rank of a kind she has received of 2003. It occurs only in southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium teresanum Blanca, Cueto & J.Fuentes : It was first described from Spain in 2016.
  • Teucrium teucriiflorum (F.Muell.) Kattari & Salmaki (Syn .: Spartothamnus teucriiflorus F.Muell. , Spartothamnella teucriiflora (F.Muell.) Moldenke ): This new combination took place in 2016. It occurs from western to central Australia.
  • Teucrium thieleanum B.J.Conn : It wasfirst describedin 2006 from the Australian state of Victoria .
  • Teucrium thymifolium Schreb. (Syn .: Teucrium Hervieri Briq. & Debeaux ): It occurs in central, eastern and south-eastern Spain.
  • Teucrium thymoides Pomel : The homeland is Algeria.
  • Teucrium townsendii Vasey & Rose (Syn .: Teucrium affine Brandegee , Teucrium townsendii subsp. Affine (Brandegee) Moran ): This endemic occurs only on the Mexican Revillagigedo Islands .
  • Teucrium trifidum Retz. : It is common in southern Africa .
  • Teucrium tsinlingense C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : There are two varieties:
    • Teucrium tsinlingense var. Porphyreum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It grows at altitudes of about 1800 meters only in Gansu .
    • Teucrium tsinlingense C.Y.Wu & S.Chow var. Tsinlingense : It thrives in moist field margins at altitudes of about 1200 meters only in Shaanxi .
  • Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday : This endemic occurs only in the northeastern part of the Spanish province of Almería .
  • Teucrium ussuriense Kom .: It iswidespreadin the Russian region of Primorsky and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Liaoning and Shanxi .
  • Teucrium veronicoides Maxim. : The distribution area extends from China to Japan.
  • Teucrium vesicarium Mill. (Syn .: Teucrium hirtum Willd. Ex Spreng. , Teucrium inflatum Sw. , Teucrium mollifolium Larrañaga , Teucrium palustre Kunth nom. Illeg., Teucrium picardae Krug & Urb. , Teucrium tenuipes Epling , Teucrium villos . , Teucrium vesicarium var. Palustre Epling ): It iswidespreadin the Neotropics .
  • Teucrium vincentinum Rouy : It occurs only in southwestern Portugal.
  • Teucrium viscidum flower : There are six varieties:
    • Teucrium viscidum var. Leiocalyx C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives at altitudes of around 1700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
    • Teucrium viscidum . Var longibracteatum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It grows in forests only in Hunan .
    • Teucrium viscidum var. Macrostephanum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives in the thicket on slopes in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
    • Teucrium viscidum var. Miquelianum (Maxim.) H.Hara : It occurs in South Korea and Japan.
    • Teucrium viscidum var. Nepetoides (H.Lév.) CYWu & S.Chow : It thrives in damp forests at altitudes of 700 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang.
    • Teucrium viscidum flower var. Viscidum It is distributed from tropical to subtropical Asia and New Guinea.
  • Teucrium wattii Prain : It occurs in Assam and Myanmar .
  • Teucrium webbianum Boiss. (Syn .: Teucrium dentatum Porta & Rigo , Teucrium webbianum var. Dentatum (Porta & Rigo) Willk. ): It occurs only from southern to southeastern Spain.
  • Teucrium werneri Emb .: The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium wightii Hook. f. (Syn .: Teucrium tomentosum Wight nom. Illeg.): It occurs in southern India, Thailand as well as in northern Sumatra and perhaps in the Chinese province of Guangdong (not in the Flora of China ).
  • Teucrium yemense Deflers (Syn .: Teucrium spicastrum Hedge & AGMill. ): The distribution area includes the Arabian Peninsula and extends from southeastern Sudan, Djibouti and Ethiopia to northwestern Somalia.
  • Teucrium zaianum Emb. & Maire : The homeland is Morocco.
  • Teucrium zanonii Pamp. : It occurs only in northeastern Libya.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • Thomas Gaskell Tutin , David Wood: Teucrium L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 129–135 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos-Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora. Over 1600 species of plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06223-6 .
  • Nina Davies, Gemma Bramley, Don Kirkup: Teucrium L. In: Interactive Key to the Genera of Lamiaceae by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Xi -wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Teucrium. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 56–61 (English, harvard.edu [PDF] online at efloras.org ).
  2. ^ Friedrich Kluge , Alfred Götze : Etymological dictionary of the German language . 20th edition. Edited by Walther Mitzka . De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1967; Reprint (“21st unchanged edition”) ibid 1975, ISBN 3-11-005709-3 , p. 230.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Nina Davies, Gemma Bramley, Don Kirkup: Teucrium L. In: Interactive Key to the Genera of Lamiaceae by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc m d me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Teucrium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  5. ↑ Craspedia macrocephala in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  6. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  7. ^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  8. ^ Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 , p.  480 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k data from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010), copyright © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: data sheet at Euro + Med PlantBase . last accessed on January 24, 2018
  10. ↑ a b c Species list for Teucrium in the Red List of South African Plants
  11. ↑ a b Ralf Jahn, Peter Schönfelder: Excursion flora for Crete . With contributions by Alfred Mayer and Martin Scheuerer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1995, ISBN 3-8001-3478-0 .
  12. ↑ a b c TG Tutin, D. Wood: Teucrium. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 129–135 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Commons : Gamander ( Teucrium )  - collection of images, videos and audio files