E. Nacke automobile factory

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E. Nacke automobile factory
legal form
founding 1891 (as machine works E. Nacke )
resolution 1948
Reason for dissolution Conversion into public property
Seat Kötitz , Germany
management
  • Clara neck
  • Reinhold Nacke
Number of employees 250 (1929)
Branch Automobile manufacturer

The E. Nacke automobile factory was a German manufacturer of automobiles and commercial vehicles from Kötitz near Coswig .

Emil Nacke behind the wheel of a Coswiga, 1910

Company history

Emil Nacke had been the owner of the "Maschinenfabrik E. Nacke" in Kötitz for the manufacture of machines for the paper industry since 1891 .

The car production

Emil Nacke behind the wheel of a Coswiga, around 1903. Passengers: Pastor Schüttoff and family from Constappel near Gauernitz
The Nacke Double-Phaeton 35 HP for Emperor Menelik II of Abyssinia (standing on the left behind the steering wheel)
The Nacke Double-Phaeton 35 HP for Emperor Menelik II of Abyssinia

Nude's great interest was in the automotive industry, which was just developing. He brought back a two-seater from the French brand Panhard & Levassor from his visit to the Paris Motor Show . An automobile construction department was then set up in the machine factory, and the first Saxon passenger car was completed in 1900. It was a two-seater with a 2-cylinder gasoline engine of 8-10 hp with chain power transmission and a top speed of 30-35 km / h. Nacke named his first automobiles after the neighboring community of the Coswiga production site at the time . Just one year later, this car was exhibited at the automobile exhibition in Berlin . In 1901, production consisted of four different types of cars, and in the 1910 brochure the range already includes seven different types of cars.

In 1902 Nacke invented the principle of the inner shoe brake .

In order to prove the safety and reliability of the passenger cars, there were several competitor drives across Europe. The three Herkomer competitions (1905–1907) and the Prinz Heinrich rides from 1908 onwards were particularly well-known. The E. H. Nacke automobile factory not only took part, but also successfully won plaques. This shows their rank among the automobile manufacturers of the time. At the age of 63, Nacke drove the Herkomer trip himself in 1907. He was able to win well-known racing drivers such as Alexander Graumüller for further races .

The reliability of the vehicles, such as the Nacke Double-Phaeton 35 HP, was particularly important. In 1908, Emperor Menelik II of Abyssinia (today Ethiopia ) received the car as a gift from a German businessman. As can be seen in the prospectus, quite impassable stretches had to be overcome on the way there. At the same time, a British expedition was on its way to Ethiopia with the same goal. The Siddeley 18 HP car did not survive the trip that well. That is why Menelik II opted for the German vehicle, which was delivered to the Ethiopian imperial court in 1913. At that time, Emil Hermann Nacke was already a member of the board of the Association of German Motor Vehicle Industrialists . Despite its good reputation, Nacke could not gain a foothold in the field of passenger cars. The car production was therefore stopped in 1913.

The truck and bus production

Nacke-Omnibus: excursion by the Coswiger gymnastics club, stop in Arbesau at the Austrian monument , 1912

As early as 1905, truck construction was started in addition to car construction. The automotive department also manufactured buses, municipal vehicles, fire brigades, and motor fire engines, and production at the machine shop continued. It served as a solid financial pillar in relation to the motor vehicle construction, which was operated more as a " hobby ".

A particular gem from Coswig was the ten-seater Jagdomnibus built in 1906 for the Saxon king. This omnibus was ordered by the royal stables office of the Dresden court. The body for this was supplied by the Dresden luxury car factory H. Glasses . In the body shop attached to the company's own factory, other well-known body factories also manufactured bodies for the neck buses and trucks.

It is also noteworthy that Nacke set up its own bus lines. The Nacke-Omnibus for 12 people with a 40 HP engine ran in 1912 on the Königstein - Schweizermühle route in Saxony, where it succeeded the Bielatalbahn , which was closed in 1904 . In 1912 there was the first scheduled trial operation on the Meißen - Brockwitz - Weinböhla line, which was finally taken over by the Saxon Railway Administration in 1913. Two Nacke omnibuses were used, equipped with the new type of worm drive developed in the Pekrun machine factory in Coswig , which made a mountain support superfluous; the bodies were built by the Schumann company in Zwickau. This was followed on July 12, 1912 by the Tharandt - Kurort Hartha bus line , which replaced a horse bus line established in 1900 and, after changing ownership several times, is still in operation today as line 345 of the regional traffic Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains (RVSOE).

During the First World War, the Nacke company supplied the imperial army with a large number of 4-ton trucks. Chain drives were required for these subsidy trucks .

In the post-war period, the company increased the production of commercial vehicles. Many well-known Dresden factories, breweries and haulage companies bought their vehicles from Nacke. Feldschlößchen , Felsenkeller and Universelle are examples . But makes from Coswig also operated in Calcutta, Porto and London. The model range from 1926 comprised 2.5, 3.5 and 5 ton truck chassis with their own gasoline engines and several body variants. Among other things, Nacke produced fire engines, timber trucks, dump trucks, brewery vehicles and buses and sold its trucks worldwide.

In 1929 the global economic crisis and outdated production methods made themselves felt in the company, which then had 250 employees, and in 1930 commercial vehicle production had to be stopped.

After that, Nackes sister Clara and her son Reinhold Toller continued to run the machine factory. In 1945 the company was placed under trust and almost completely dismantled. When the company was taken over into public ownership in 1948, the company name Maschinenfabrik E. Nacke was no longer in the commercial register .

From the long production period, the chassis of a 4.5-tonne truck with auger drive built in 1927 in the Dresden Transport Museum is the only known vehicle that still exists. Copies of the lavishly designed brochures from the E. Nacke automobile factory, Coswig i. S. , some of which are also in the holdings of the Dresden Transport Museum.

See also

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Guide through Coswig, Kötitz, Neu-Coswig and the surrounding area  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Emil Hermann Nacke - Saxony's first automobile manufacturer
  2. ^ Frieder Schmidt:  Nacke, Emil. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 686 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ^ Joachim Breuninger, Katja Margarethe Mieth; Saxon State Office for Museums (Hrsg.): Dresden Transport Museum . Dresden. Experience the mobile world (=  Saxon museums . Volume 22 ). Janos Stekovics, 2012, ISBN 978-3-89923-302-5 , pp. 171 .