Population development of Berlin
The population of Berlin is shaped by the eventful history of Berlin . In Berlin 3,669,491 inhabitants lived on December 31, 2019, according to official population statistics on an area of 891.82 square kilometers. The city's population density was 4,115 people per square kilometer.
Berlin is the largest German city in terms of inhabitants and the largest city in the European Union . The agglomeration of Berlin has around 4.5 million inhabitants, the metropolitan region Berlin-Brandenburg , which completely encompasses both federal states, around 6 million inhabitants.
37,368 children were born in Berlin in 2014 (+6.6%). Since 2011, Berlin has recorded the greatest annual population growth among cities in German-speaking countries in absolute terms.
history
From 1220 to 1688
Around 1220 Berlin had an estimated 1,200 inhabitants. About the same number of people lived in Cölln . By 1300 the population of the two cities rose to around 4,000 (Berlin 2,600 and Cölln 1,400). In the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern era , the twin cities recorded severe population losses due to the numerous wars, epidemics and famine, and as a result only slow population growth. In the middle of the 15th century it became the residence of the Electors of Brandenburg . Because of their increasing importance, the population grew to 12,000 (9,000 according to the Statistical Yearbook) around the year 1600. The Thirty Years War (1618–1648) caused a sharp decline in the population of Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg .
Since then, the Brandenburg electors and Prussian kings have pursued a targeted immigration policy to promote both population growth and the economic development of the backward country. This policy influenced the population and mix of Berlin’s population over the next century and a half. At first, mainly Frisians and Dutch immigrated . From 1660 religious refugees came from different parts of Europe, whose free practice of religion was secured by numerous edicts of tolerance . After the expulsion in the 16th century, the Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1640–1688) had Jewish families resettled in 1671 to finance the development of the devastated country and the trade in goods. Around 1700 there were 585 Jews living in Berlin, the proportion of which rose steadily in the course of the 18th century and made up around 3% of the total population in 1770 .
The French Huguenots , who were courted for their knowledge and skills in the field of commercial production, played a particularly important role in economic and cultural development . They initially worked as small self-employed people or as masters in the textile and clothing industry. In addition to financial perks, they were granted special rights and social privileges (self-administration, their own schools, facilitation of exercising their trade). Due to the Edict of Potsdam of 1685, 15,000 Huguenots immigrated to Brandenburg by the end of the 17th century, of which around 6,000 settled in Berlin. In 1698 the proportion of French residents reached its peak at 25% . As another religious refugees of the 18th century came the beginning of 1600 Orangeois , 450 Palatine and 500 French Swiss added, who settled mainly in the suburbs.
Population numbers
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(respective territorial status)
The population from 1220 to 1688 are estimates. Before the unification in 1710, Berlin and Cölln were always added together.
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From 1709 to 1822
In 1688, around 20,000 people lived in both cities. With the unification of the cities of Berlin, Cölln, Friedrichswerder , Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt on January 1, 1710 , the population of the royal capital and residence city of Berlin rose to around 55,000. In 1747, the city's population exceeded 100,000, making it a major city . At the end of the 18th century there were already 170,000 inhabitants, making Berlin the sixth largest European city.
Population numbers (respective territorial status)
The population figures are census results and relate to the “total population present in the village”, i.e. including the garrison. The first known census took place in Berlin in 1709. Thereafter, counting was carried out at irregular intervals, annually from 1746 and every three years from 1822.
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1709 | 55.196 |
| 1712 | 61,000 |
| 1721 | 65,300 |
| 1726 | 72,000 |
| 1730 | 72,387 |
| 1732 | 77.993 |
| 1733 | 79.017 |
| 1735 | 86,000 |
| 1740 | 90,000 |
| 1746 | 97,000 |
| 1747 | 107.224 |
| 1748 | 107,635 |
| 1749 | 110,933 |
| 1750 | 113.289 |
| 1751 | 116,483 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1752 | 119.224 |
| 1753 | 122,897 |
| 1754 | 125,385 |
| 1755 | 126,661 |
| 1756 1 | 99.177 |
| 1757 1 | 94.219 |
| 1758 1 | 92,356 |
| 1759 1 | 94,433 |
| 1760 1 | 95,245 |
| 1761 1 | 98,238 |
| 1762 1 | 98.090 |
| 1763 | 119.219 |
| 1764 | 122,667 |
| 1765 | 125.139 |
| 1766 | 125,878 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1767 | 127.140 |
| 1768 | 130.359 |
| 1769 | 132,365 |
| 1770 | 133,520 |
| 1771 | 133,639 |
| 1772 | 131.126 |
| 1773 | 132.204 |
| 1774 | 134.414 |
| 1775 | 136.137 |
| 1776 | 137,468 |
| 1777 | 140.719 |
| 1778 1 | 124.963 |
| 1779 | 138,225 |
| 1780 | 140.625 |
| 1781 | 142,375 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1782 | 143,098 |
| 1783 | 144.224 |
| 1784 | 145.021 |
| 1785 | 146,647 |
| 1786 | 147,338 |
| 1787 | 146.167 |
| 1788 | 149.274 |
| 1789 | 149,875 |
| 1790 | 150,803 |
| 1791 | 155.211 |
| 1792 | 157,534 |
| 1793 | 157.121 |
| 1794 | 157.603 |
| 1795 | 156.218 |
| 1796 | 160,733 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1797 | 164.978 |
| 1798 | 169.019 |
| 1799 | 169,510 |
| 1800 | 172.132 |
| 1801 | 176,709 |
| 1802 | 177.029 |
| 1803 | 178,309 |
| 1804 | 182.157 |
| 1805 1 | 155.706 |
| 1806 1 | 155,000 |
| 1807 1 | 150,489 |
| 1808 1 | 145.941 |
| 1809 1 | 151.119 |
| 1810 1 | 162,971 |
| 1811 | 169,763 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1812 | 171,000 |
| 1813 | 178,641 |
| 1814 | 185,659 |
| 1815 | 197.717 |
| 1816 | 197,817 |
| 1817 | 195,689 |
| 1818 | 198.125 |
| 1819 | 201.138 |
| 1820 | 201,900 |
| 1821 | 205.965 |
| 1822 | 209.146 |
Military population from 1709 to 1893
Until the army reform from 1807 to 1814, the military population included all soldiers and invalids living in Berlin with their wives and children; thereafter, as a result of general conscription, the proportion of soldiers' families and thus of the military population decreased considerably.
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From 1825 to 1919
With the beginning of industrialization in the 19th century, the population grew rapidly. The enlargement of the urban area in 1861 played an important role, when Moabit , Wedding and Gesundbrunnen were incorporated. In 1871 Berlin became the capital of the German Empire and already had 825,000 inhabitants. The city experienced a strong economic boom and an enormous population influx until the First World War . Most of the immigrants came from the agricultural Prussian eastern provinces, which recorded a considerable excess of births due to the generally improved living conditions . In order to cope with the large influx of people, tenements were built in the north and east of the city , in which the urban proletariat lived. In the neighboring suburbs, factories and entire industrial settlements such as Siemensstadt or Borsigwalde were built , the residential areas of which expanded rapidly. In 1877 Berlin was a city of millions .
According to the census of 1895, the city had just under 1.7 million inhabitants, of whom 12,000 had Polish , 700 Russian and just under 2,000 had another Slavic language as their mother tongue . A total of around 23,000 residents (1.35%) stated a foreign mother tongue and almost 5,000 German and a foreign language. Almost 27,000 Berliners (1.6%) were foreigners, most of them from Austria-Hungary (13,000) and Russia (4,000). The entire Berlin metropolitan area had around 3.7 million inhabitants in 1914, almost as many as Paris .
In the census of December 5, 1917, a total local population of 1,744,085 people was determined. According to the economics department of the War Food Office, these included 58,152 military personnel and 4,017 prisoners of war. Between 1913 and 1917 the population decreased by 16 percent. In December 1919, 1.928 million people lived in Berlin.
Population numbers (respective territorial status)
The population figures are census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices. The information relates to the "local population" until 1831 and from 1871, and from 1834 to 1867 to the "customs clearance population".
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 1, 1825 1 | 220.277 |
| December 1, 1828 1 | 236.830 |
| December 1, 1831 1 | 248,682 |
| 3 December 1834 1 | 265.122 |
| 3 December 1837 1 | 283,722 |
| 3 December 1840 1 | 330.230 |
| 3 December 1843 1 | 353.149 |
| December 3, 1846 1 | 408.502 |
| December 3, 1849 1 | 423.902 |
| 3 December 1852 1 | 438,958 |
| 3 December 1855 1 | 447.483 |
| 3 December 1858 1 | 458,637 |
| 3 December 1861 1 | 547.571 |
| 3 December 1864 1 | 632.749 |
| 3 December 1867 1 | 702.437 |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 1, 1871 1 | 826.341 |
| December 1, 1875 1 | 966.858 |
| December 31, 1876 | 980.194 |
| December 31, 1877 | 1,008,566 |
| December 1, 1880 1 | 1,122,330 |
| December 1, 1885 1 | 1,315,287 |
| December 1, 1890 1 | 1,578,794 |
| December 2, 1895 1 | 1,677,304 |
| August 31, 1898 | 1,820,000 |
| 1 December 1900 1 | 1,888,848 |
| December 31, 1901 | 1,893,941 |
| December 31, 1902 | 1,911,628 |
| December 31, 1903 | 1,946,076 |
| December 31, 1904 | 1,988,742 |
| December 1, 1905 1 | 2,040,148 |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 1906 | 2,073,521 |
| December 31, 1907 | 2,076,437 |
| December 31, 1908 | 2,057,274 |
| December 31, 1909 | 2,057,610 |
| December 1, 1910 1 | 2,071,257 |
| December 31, 1911 | 2,084,045 |
| December 31, 1912 | 2,095,030 |
| December 31, 1913 | 2,079,156 |
| December 31, 1914 | 1,945,684 |
| December 31, 1915 | 1,835,094 |
| December 1, 1916 1 | 1,771,491 |
| December 5, 1917 1 | 1,744,085 |
| December 31, 1918 | 1,748,000 |
| October 8, 1919 1 | 1,902,508 |
| December 31, 1919 | 1,928,432 |
From 1920 to 1949
With the formation of the unified community of Greater Berlin , the number of inhabitants doubled by leaps and bounds on October 1, 1920 to 3.9 million. The area of the new township increased thirteen times: from 66.93 to 878.1 km². 811.17 km² with 1.9 million people had come to the new municipality from the province of Brandenburg ; that was two percent of the territory, but almost 44% of the population of Brandenburg. The new area almost corresponded to the size of the island of Rügen (926.4 km²). In 1920 Berlin had become the second largest city in the world in terms of area after Los Angeles and the third largest city in the world in terms of population - after London and New York .
The following municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants were merged with Berlin in 1920 (the population of the census of October 8, 1919 in brackets): Charlottenburg (322,766), Neukölln (262,127), Berlin-Schöneberg (175,092), Berlin-Lichtenberg (144,643), Berlin- Wilmersdorf (139,406), Spandau (95,474), Berlin-Steglitz (83,366), Berlin-Pankow (57,923), Berlin-Lichterfelde (47,213), Berlin-Weißensee (45,037), Berlin-Friedenau (43,833), Berlin-Reinickendorf (41,263 ), Berlin-Tempelhof (34,363), Cöpenick (32,583), Berlin-Treptow (30,701), Berlin-Oberschöneweide (25,612), Berlin-Friedrichsfelde (24,399), Berlin-Mariendorf (20,699), Berlin-Tegel (20,590), Zehlendorf (20,557), Berlin-Niederschönhausen (18,906), Friedrichshagen (14,844), Berlin-Britz (13,477), Adlershof (12,655), Berlin-Lankwitz (12,397), Berlin-Schmargendorf (11,583) and Berlin-Wittenau (10,190).
By 1942, Berlin's population had grown to a peak of 4.478 million.
Population numbers (respective territorial status)
The population figures are census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices. From 1920 onwards, the data relate to the “local population” and from 1925 to the resident population .
The results of the consumer group statistics , which were obtained from the food allocation data and published by the Federal Statistical Office in 1953, provide a more realistic assessment of the population development in World War II . According to the Large Consumer Group Statistics, the civilian population served in Berlin comprised 4.2066 million people at the beginning of February 1940, 3.9422 million at the beginning of February 1941, 3.9465 million at the beginning of February 1942, 4.1117 million at the beginning of February 1943 (including 223,500 foreigners) and at the beginning of February 1944 3.1095 million (including 176,500 foreigners).
According to the less precise Small Consumer Group Statistics, 3,958,294 civilians were cared for in Berlin at the beginning of February 1943, 3,686,200 at the end of August 1943, 3,143,311 at the beginning of February 1944, 2,774,282 at the end of August 1944, and 2,836,661 at the beginning of December 1944.
The post-war censuses of October 29, 1946 and September 13, 1950 are informative for the immense migration losses in Berlin during the Second World War. The respondents were asked about the place of residence of the respondents on September 1, 1939 - children born after this date being the place of residence of the father or assigned to the mother in the case of half-orphans or illegitimate children. In the 1946 census, 436,600 people were counted in the three western occupation zones of Germany who had lived in Berlin at the beginning of the war in 1939, in the Soviet occupation zone 306,823, of which 134,427 in Brandenburg and 74,091 in Saxony-Anhalt . In the 1950 census, based on the same definition, 518,218 people residing in Berlin in 1939 were counted in the federal territory created from the western occupation zones, of which 112,216 in Lower Saxony , 109,858 in North Rhine-Westphalia , 91,854 in Bavaria , 58,263 in Hesse , 58,156 in what would later become Baden -Wuerttemberg .
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 1920 | 3,879,409 |
| December 31, 1921 | 3,914,151 |
| December 31, 1922 | 3,953,920 |
| December 31, 1923 | 3,918,985 |
| December 31, 1924 | 3,986,458 |
| June 16, 1925 1 | 4,024,286 |
| December 31, 1925 | 4,082,778 |
| December 31, 1926 | 4,125,824 |
| December 31, 1927 | 4,195,725 |
| December 31, 1928 | 4,272,375 |
| December 31, 1929 | 4,328,760 |
| December 31, 1930 | 4,332,834 |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 1931 | 4,314,466 |
| December 31, 1932 | 4,273,701 |
| June 16, 1933 1 | 4,242,501 |
| December 31, 1933 | 4,221,024 |
| December 31, 1934 | 4,218,332 |
| December 31, 1935 | 4,226,584 |
| December 31, 1936 | 4,267,560 |
| December 31, 1937 | 4,314,432 |
| December 31, 1938 | 4,347,875 |
| May 17, 1939 1 | 4,338,756 |
| December 31, 1939 | 4,330,640 |
| December 31, 1940 | 4,330,810 |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 1941 | 4,383,882 |
| December 31, 1942 | 4,478,102 |
| December 31, 1943 | 4,430,204 |
| December 31, 1944 | 4,361,398 |
| August 12, 1945 1 | 2,807,405 |
| December 31, 1945 | 3,064,629 |
| October 29, 1946 1 | 3,170,832 |
| December 31, 1946 | 3,213,966 |
| December 31, 1947 | 3,271,179 |
| December 31, 1948 | 3,312,307 |
| December 31, 1949 | 3,328,193 |
Since 1950
Due to the effects of World War II and the division of the city, the population fell by 32.1 percent by 1978 to a low of 3.039 million. The population loss between 1950 and 1961 was mainly caused by emigration from East Berlin . While West Berlin recorded an increase of 2.3 percent, the population in East Berlin fell by 11.3 percent. This so-called " voting with the feet " was an expression of the dissatisfaction of many East Berliners. Since 1978, the city has again recorded an increase of more than 600,000 to over 3.644 million inhabitants at the end of 2018.
Table of residents (respective territorial status)
The following overview shows the population as of December 31 of each year (main residences) in the annual population update. The above-average increase in 1987 is due to the 1987 census , in which the population determined in West Berlin turned out to be seven percent higher than that which had been updated up to then.
The 2011 census had the opposite effect, as the official population was revised down by around 180,000 as of May 9, 2011. This reduction in population would lead to a loss of income for the state of Berlin through the state financial equalization of almost half a billion euros per year. The state of Berlin, together with the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, brought an action against the survey method before the Federal Constitutional Court. Lawsuits and appeals were filed by more than a thousand German municipalities. Several systematic survey errors have already been proven. In the last instance, the Federal Constitutional Court confirmed the methodology as constitutional and thus rejected the lawsuit.
| year | population | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| total | Male | Female | |
| 1950 | 3,336,026 | 1,417,862 | 1,918,164 |
| 1951 | 3,351,865 | 1,426,967 | 1,924,898 |
| 1952 | 3,374,178 | 1,438,055 | 1,936,123 |
| 1953 | 3,367,406 | 1,434,011 | 1,933,395 |
| 1954 | 3,350,957 | 1,427,030 | 1,923,927 |
| 1955 | 3,343,182 | 1,423,063 | 1,920,119 |
| 1956 | 3,345,650 | 1,423,258 | 1,922,392 |
| 1957 | 3,338,561 | 1,419,687 | 1,918,874 |
| 1958 | 3,316,353 | 1,408,251 | 1,908,102 |
| 1959 | 3,290,333 | 1,397,712 | 1,892,621 |
| 1960 | 3,274,016 | 1,392,342 | 1,881,674 |
| 1961 | 3,252,691 | 1,382,547 | 1,870,144 |
| 1962 | 3,235,231 | 1,382,761 | 1,852,470 |
| 1963 | 3,251,489 | 1,396,706 | 1,854,783 |
| 1964 | 3,270,959 | 1,412,025 | 1,858,934 |
| 1965 | 3,274,500 | 1,418,050 | 1,856,450 |
| 1966 | 3,265,398 | 1,416,018 | 1,849,380 |
| 1967 | 3,245,325 | 1,409,082 | 1,836,243 |
| 1968 | 3,225,354 | 1,403,862 | 1,821,492 |
| 1969 | 3,218,112 | 1,408,952 | 1,809,160 |
| 1970 | 3,208,719 | 1,406,837 | 1,801,882 |
| 1971 | 3,172,902 | 1,403,409 | 1,769,493 |
| 1972 | 3,152,489 | 1,398,128 | 1,754,361 |
| 1973 | 3,136,776 | 1,394,893 | 1,741,883 |
| 1974 | 3,118,134 | 1,389,738 | 1,728,396 |
| 1975 | 3,083,011 | 1,375,376 | 1,707,635 |
| 1976 | 3,056,973 | 1,366,687 | 1,690,286 |
| 1977 | 3,044,968 | 1,365,964 | 1,679,004 |
| 1978 | 3,038,689 | 1,368,071 | 1,670,618 |
| 1979 | 3,042,504 | 1,376,004 | 1,666,500 |
| year | population | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| total | Male | Female | |
| 1980 | 3,048,759 | 1,387,735 | 1,661,024 |
| 1981 | 3,050,974 | 1,395,290 | 1,655,684 |
| 1982 | 3,042,612 | 1,396,447 | 1,646,165 |
| 1983 | 3,040,035 | 1,399,930 | 1,640,105 |
| 1984 | 3,045,456 | 1,408,435 | 1,637,021 |
| 1985 | 3,075,670 | 1,429,426 | 1,646,244 |
| 1986 | 3,115,473 | 1,455,089 | 1,660,384 |
| 1987 | 3,273,630 | 1,532,320 | 1,741,310 |
| 1988 | 3,352,848 | 1,579,687 | 1,773,161 |
| 1989 | 3,409,737 | 1,615,062 | 1,794,675 |
| 1990 | 3,433,695 | 1,630,566 | 1,803,129 |
| 1991 | 3,446,031 | 1,640,247 | 1,805,784 |
| 1992 | 3,465,748 | 1,656,471 | 1,809,277 |
| 1993 | 3,475,392 | 1,664,981 | 1,810,411 |
| 1994 | 3,472,009 | 1,668,648 | 1,803,361 |
| 1995 | 3,471,418 | 1,674,278 | 1,797,140 |
| 1996 | 3,458,763 | 1,673,055 | 1,785,708 |
| 1997 | 3,425,759 | 1,659,470 | 1,766,289 |
| 1998 | 3,398,822 | 1,648,518 | 1,750,304 |
| 1999 | 3,386,667 | 1,644,575 | 1,742,092 |
| 2000 | 3,382,169 | 1,643,534 | 1,738,635 |
| 2001 | 3,388,434 | 1,648,169 | 1,740,265 |
| 2002 | 3,392,425 | 1,651,471 | 1,740,954 |
| 2003 | 3,388,477 | 1,651,203 | 1,737,274 |
| 2004 | 3,387,828 | 1,653,057 | 1,734,771 |
| 2005 | 3,395,189 | 1,659,643 | 1,735,546 |
| 2006 | 3,404,037 | 1,665,753 | 1,738,284 |
| 2007 | 3,416,255 | 1,672,226 | 1,744,029 |
| 2008 | 3,431,675 | 1,680,502 | 1,751,173 |
| 2009 | 3,442,675 | 1,686,256 | 1,756,419 |
| year | population | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| total | Male | Female | |
| 2010 | 3,460,725 | 1,695,438 | 1,765,287 |
| 2011 | 3,501,872 | 1,717,645 | 1,784,227 |
| Post Census 2011 | |||
| 2011 | 3,326,002 | 1,618,007 | 1,707,995 |
| 2012 | 3,375,222 | 1,644,690 | 1,730,532 |
| 2013 | 3,421,829 | 1,669,853 | 1,751,976 |
| 2014 | 3,469,849 | 1,696,218 | 1,773,631 |
| 2015 | 3,520,031 | 1,726,533 | 1,793,498 |
| 2016 | 3,574,830 | 1,755,700 | 1,819,130 |
| 2017 | 3,613,495 | 1,776,267 | 1,837,228 |
| 2018 | 3,644,826 | 1,792,801 | 1,852,025 |
| 2019 | 3,669,491 | 1,804,273 | 1,865,218 |
population
Survey methods
The population of Berlin is determined using two different survey methods. On the one hand, the municipal population registers of the Berlin districts provide the database for population development. However, the valid official population figure for the State of Berlin is determined by a survey procedure of the officially updated population after the last census . The Berlin-Brandenburg Statistics Office, based in Potsdam, is responsible for the publication of the data. The sum of the population register-based numbers therefore does not correspond to the official population of Berlin, but deviates more and more from reality with increasing distance from the last census due to missing stocks and missing files. It is estimated that between 100,000 and 250,000 unregistered residents live in Berlin. These are mainly immigrants from Africa, Asia, the Balkans and Latin America .
Population structure
The table shows the population structure of the population legally registered with main residence in Berlin.
| Residents | Percentage ownership % | |
|---|---|---|
| total | 3,688,976 | 100.0 |
| of which male | 1,823,912 | 49.4 |
| of which female | 1,865,064 | 50.6 |
| German | 2,998,766 | 81.3 |
| of which male | 1,460,794 | 48.7 |
| of which female | 1,537,972 | 51.3 |
| Foreigners | 690.210 | 18.7 |
| of which male | 363.118 | 52.6 |
| of which female | 327.092 | 47.4 |
Administrative districts
After the new Population Statistics Act came into force on January 1, 2014, the Berlin-Brandenburg Statistics Office is no longer able to determine updated population figures for the Berlin administrative districts. The following table contains the population of the administrative districts based on the municipal register. Due to the different survey methods, the sum of the population register-based population does not correspond to the official updated population for the entire state of Berlin.
| district | population | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|
 center
|
385,748 | 199,926 | 185.822 |
 Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
|
290.386 | 149.063 | 141,323 |
 Pankow
|
409.335 | 200,928 | 208,407 |
 Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
|
343,592 | 166,928 | 176,664 |
 Spandau
|
245.197 | 120.025 | 125.172 |
 Steglitz-Zehlendorf
|
310,071 | 146.861 | 163.210 |
 Tempelhof-Schöneberg
|
350.984 | 171,659 | 179,325 |
 Neukölln
|
329.917 | 164,447 | 165,470 |
 Treptow-Koepenick
|
273,689 | 134.178 | 139,511 |
 Marzahn-Hellersdorf
|
269,967 | 133.905 | 136.062 |
 Lichtenberg
|
294.201 | 146.170 | 148.031 |
 Reinickendorf
|
266,408 | 131,353 | 135,055 |
| district | Total number of residents | Proportion of foreigners / migration background |
Share of Germans | Germans without a migration background |
Germans with a migration background |
Foreign nationals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| center | 373,944 | 51.1% | 67.2% | 48.9% | 18.3% | 32.8% |
| Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg | 281,860 | 41.2% | 74.4% | 58.8% | 15.6% | 25.6% |
| Pankow | 398.732 | 18.9% | 87.8% | 81.1% | 6.7% | 12.2% |
| Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf | 338.405 | 40.0% | 75.6% | 60.0% | 15.6% | 24.4% |
| Spandau | 240.998 | 34.4% | 81.5% | 65.6% | 15.9% | 18.5% |
| Steglitz-Zehlendorf | 305.430 | 25.7% | 86.3% | 74.3% | 12.0% | 13.7% |
| Tempelhof-Schöneberg | 347,927 | 35.5% | 80.6% | 64.5% | 16.1% | 19.4% |
| Neukölln | 328,659 | 44.3% | 75.2% | 55.7% | 19.6% | 24.8% |
| Treptow-Koepenick | 262,543 | 12.9% | 91.9% | 87.1% | 4.8% | 8.1% |
| Marzahn-Hellersdorf | 264,461 | 17.0% | 91.0% | 83.0% | 8.0% | 9.0% |
| Lichtenberg | 283,334 | 22.4% | 85.8% | 77.6% | 8.1% | 14.2% |
| Reinickendorf | 262,683 | 31.0% | 83.4% | 69.0% | 14.5% | 16.6% |
level of education
According to the census, 24.1 percent of Berlin's residents had a university degree in 2011. In a comparison of the federal states, the Berlin population had the highest proportion of academics. In Germany as a whole, 15.1 percent of the population had a university degree.
Religious affiliation
| Distribution of religious affiliation in Berlin (2010) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| religion | proportion of | |||
| Non-denominational | 60% | |||
| Protestantism | 19% | |||
| Catholicism | 9% | |||
| Islam | 8th % | |||
| Judaism | 1 % | |||
| Other | 3% | |||
According to the State Statistical Office (as of 2010), 60% of Berliners are not members of a religious community, 23% are Protestant Christians, 9% Catholics and 8% are members of the Islamic community.
Of the residents of Berlin in 2016, around 16.1% were Protestants and 8.9% were Catholic . 75% belonged to other denominations and religions or were non-denominational .
labour market
The number of people in employment in Berlin was 1.85 million in 2015. That was 35,800 or 2.0% more than in the previous year. For the fourth time in a row, Berlin recorded the strongest growth rate in the number of people in employment among all German states. The number of employees subject to social security contributions at work in Berlin in 2016 was 1.37 million.
age structure
The following overview shows the age structure of Berlin as of December 31st of each year (main residences according to the population register). It should be noted here that the number of inhabitants according to the population register differs from the officially updated population due to different calculation methods. The latter was in 2004 with 3,387,828 inhabitants by 54,720 people above the number of registered residents. In 2004 the average Berliner was 41.7 years old.
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| Age from / to | Population 1995 |
Share in% |
Population 2000 |
Share in% |
2004 residents |
Share in% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-5 | 178,275 | 5.2 | 165.351 | 5.0 | 165.216 | 5.0 |
| 6-17 | 446.102 | 12.9 | 387,662 | 11.6 | 347.830 | 10.4 |
| 18-24 | 263.079 | 7.6 | 282.127 | 8.5 | 295,443 | 8.9 |
| 25-29 | 300,697 | 8.7 | 227,607 | 6.8 | 241,630 | 7.2 |
| 30-44 | 876.818 | 25.4 | 870.374 | 26.1 | 835,572 | 25.1 |
| 45-59 | 732.485 | 21.3 | 676.348 | 20.3 | 653.928 | 19.6 |
| 60-64 | 172.966 | 5.0 | 230.699 | 6.9 | 236.619 | 7.1 |
| over 65 | 475.617 | 13.8 | 491.064 | 14.7 | 556.870 | 16.7 |
| total | 3,446,039 | 100.0 | 3,331,232 | 100.0 | 3,333,108 | 100.0 |
Population groups
On March 31, 2016, 545,668 non-German citizens from 190 countries were officially living in Berlin. That corresponded to around 16.0 percent of the total population. A total of around 53,000 non-German citizens from the nearest neighboring country, Poland , and around 98,000 Turks without German citizenship live in Berlin. Outside of Turkey, Berlin has the largest Turkish community in Europe . According to the Berlin-Brandenburg Statistics Office, 8,186 foreigners received German citizenship in 2006 .
| Nationality origin |
Residents by nationality |
German citizens by origin |
|---|---|---|
 Germany
|
3,000,648 | 2,504,878 |
 Turkey
|
98.121 | 80.102 |
 Poland
|
56,856 | 53,484 |
 Syria
|
32,704 | 4,661 |
 Italy
|
29,405 | 7.128 |
 Bulgaria
|
28,593 | 3,937 |
 Russia
|
23,568 | 32,305 |
 Romania
|
21,235 | 4,495 |
 Serbia
|
19,378 | 8,626 |
 France
|
19,240 | 7,441 |
 United States
|
19,990 | 8,806 |
 Vietnam
|
17.123 | 9,811 |
 United Kingdom
|
15,602 | 5,933 |
 Spain
|
14,525 | 3,942 |
 Greece
|
14,195 | 9,835 |
 Ukraine
|
11,898 | 9,066 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
11,583 | 4,400 |
 Afghanistan
|
11.806 | * / * |
 Austria
|
11,600 | 4,347 |
 People's Republic of China
|
11,229 | * / * |
 Iraq
|
8,922 | * / * |
 Lebanon
|
8,138 | 20,525 |
 Iran
|
7,600 | 8,359 |
 Netherlands
|
6,705 | * / * |
 India
|
6,857 | * / * |
 Switzerland
|
5,884 | * / * |
 North Macedonia
|
5,973 | * / * |
 Hungary
|
5,944 | * / * |
 Portugal
|
5,260 | * / * |
 Brazil
|
5,524 | * / * |
 Thailand
|
4,955 | * / * |
 Israel
|
5,051 | * / * |
 South Korea
|
4,879 | * / * |
 Kosovo
|
4,465 | * / * |
 Egypt
|
4,277 | * / * |
 Sweden
|
4.163 | * / * |
 Japan
|
4.026 | * / * |
 Australia
|
3,958 | * / * |
 Pakistan
|
3,827 | * / * |
 Kazakhstan
|
1,658 | 19,615 |
| * Statistics values not shown | ||
Population projections
- Bertelsmann Foundation
In a forecast made in 2011, the Bertelsmann Foundation assumed that population growth would continue, albeit at a slower pace, until 2030. The forecast was based on the data from the population updates before the 2011 census, which corrected the population downwards by 175,828. The 2015 forecast is based on the post-census data.
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 2003 | 3,388,477 |
| December 31, 2005 | 3,385,788 |
| December 31, 2010 | 3,389,739 |
| December 31, 2015 | 3,395,468 |
| December 31, 2020 | 3,372,536 |
| - | - |
| - | - |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| - | - |
| December 31, 2006 | 3,404,036 |
| December 31, 2010 | 3,419,068 |
| December 31, 2015 | 3,435,500 |
| December 31, 2020 | 3,443,291 |
| December 31, 2025 | 3,436,155 |
| - | - |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| - | - |
| - | - |
| December 31, 2009 | 3,440,060 |
| December 31, 2015 | 3,547,200 |
| December 31, 2020 | 3,607,910 |
| December 31, 2025 | 3,638,800 |
| December 31, 2030 | 3,639,060 |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| - | - |
| - | - |
| December 31, 2012 | 3,367,580 |
| December 31, 2015 | 3,487,000 |
| December 31, 2020 | 3,607,180 |
| December 31, 2025 | 3,679,410 |
| December 31, 2030 | 3,713,000 |
- Senate Department for Urban Development
In 2012 the Berlin Senate presented a new population study, which consisted of three growth forecasts: “middle”, “upper” and “lower” variants. As with the forecasts of the Bertelsmann Foundation (see above), the new forecast envisages a growing population, especially compared to the previous study. All three variants envisage growth until 2030, only with the "lower variant" the population will decrease slightly at the end of the period, but is still significantly above the 2011 population level. The population forecast for 2030 is between 3.6 and 3, 9 million inhabitants.
On January 13, 2016, the Senate Department for Urban Development published a new population forecast, according to which a further increase in the population is to be expected. The prognosis is based on data from the population register for the years 1991 to 2014, i.e. it does not take into account the corrections to the official number of residents made by the 2011 census , but rather updates the population register-based population that was found to be excessive by the 2011 census .
| Date December 31st |
"Basis" variant |
"Growth" variant |
"Shrinkage" variant |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 3,404,000 | 3,404,000 | 3,404,000 |
| 2010 | 3,412,800 | 3,429,300 | 3,408,400 |
| 2015 | 3,417,700 | 3,466,800 | 3,389,200 |
| 2020 | 3,410,400 | 3,488,100 | 3,347,900 |
| 2025 | 3,392,800 | 3,499,100 | 3,293,300 |
| 2030 | 3,367,200 | 3,502,700 | 3,228,900 |
| Date December 31st |
"Medium" variant |
"Upper" variant |
"Lower" variant |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - | - |
| 2011 | 3,502,000 | 3,502,000 | 3,502,000 |
| 2015 | 3,632,000 | 3,653,000 | 3,589,000 |
| 2020 | 3,698,000 | 3,769,000 | 3,618,000 |
| 2025 | 3,741,000 | 3,849,000 | 3,615,000 |
| 2030 | 3,746,000 | 3,906,000 | 3,594,000 |
| Date December 31st |
"Medium" variant |
|---|---|
| - | - |
| 2014 | 3,562,000 |
| 2015 | 3,609,000 |
| 2020 | 3,751,000 |
| 2025 | 3,803,000 |
| 2030 | 3,828,000 |
literature
Sources for future population figures are:
- Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici (Ed.): Communications from the Statistical Bureau in Berlin. 1848-1861.
- Imperial Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Statistical yearbook for the German Empire. 1880-1918.
- Statistisches Reichsamt (Ed.): Statistical yearbook for the German Reich. 1919-1941/1942.
- German Association of Cities (Hrsg.): Statistical yearbook of German municipalities. P. 1890 ff.
- Population forecast for Berlin 2002–2020: Population development in the Berlin metropolitan region 2002–2020. Senate Department for Urban Development, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-88961-189-3 .
- Bertelsmann Stiftung (Ed.): Guide to Demographic Change 2020. Analyzes and action plans for cities and municipalities. Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh 2006, ISBN 3-89204-875-4 .
Secondary literature:
- Peter Ring: Population . In: Horst Ulrich, Uwe Prell, Ernst Luuk (Eds.): Berlin Handbook. The lexicon of the federal capital . FAB-Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-927551-27-9 , p. 236-248 .
Web links
- Population in Berlin. Berlin-Brandenburg Statistics Office, accessed on July 20, 2013 (updated every six months based on the 2011 census).
Individual evidence
- ^ Statistics on European cities. Eurostat , accessed on 4 August 2016.
- ↑ Baby boom - 37,368 babies were born in Berlin. Berliner Morgenpost , September 9, 2017, archived from the original on September 9, 2017 . .
- ↑ a b Peter Ring: Population. In: Berlin Handbook. 1992, p. 236.
- ↑ Peter Ring: Population. In: Berlin Handbook. 1992, pp. 236-237.
- ↑ a b Berlin Medieval Group
- ↑ a b c City foundation . Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein , with sources
- ^ A b c d e f Chronik ( Memento from June 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Association for the history of Berlin
- ↑ a b c d e f Berlin Chronicle ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on berlin.de
- ↑ a b c quoted from the statistical yearbook of the city of Berlin Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- ↑ Herbert Schwenk: Berlin urban development from A to Z: small handbook on the development and growth of the German capital. Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-89542-100-6 .
- ^ A b c Wolfgang Schneider: Berlin: a cultural history in pictures and documents. 2., verb. Ed. Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, Leipzig a. a. 1983.
- ↑ a b c Peter Ring: Population. In: Berlin Handbook. 1992, p. 237.
- ^ Journal of the Royal Prussian Statistical Bureau. edited by its director Dr. Ernst Engel, Publishing House of the Royal Secret Oberhof Buchdruckerei, Berlin 1862.
- ↑ a b Appendix: Statistics . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1895, part 4, p. 183.
- ↑ a b Appendix: Statistics . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1877, part 6, p. 75.
- ↑ All information (rounded) from: Royal Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Statistical Handbook for the Prussian State. Verlag des Königlichen Statistisches Bureaus, Berlin 1898, on mother tongue pp. 128–129, on foreigners' share pp. 114–115.
- ^ M. Busemann: The city of Berlin . In: M. Busemann (Ed.): Festschrift der Stadtgemeinde . 1st edition. tape 1 , no. 1 . Otto Elsner Verlag, Berlin September 1899, p. 371 .
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Reports, Work No. VIII / 19/1, The civilian population of the German Empire 1940–1945. Results of the consumer group statistics. Wiesbaden 1953, pp. 13, 24.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1953. S. XXXII.
- ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1953. P. 41.
- ↑ Statistisches Bundesamt (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1953. P. 561.
- ↑ East fears fewer inhabitants . In: Die Welt , May 9, 2011
- ↑ Did 1.5 million people just disappear? Welt Online , accessed May 31, 2013
- ↑ 2011 census: Berlin has to repay millions . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 31, 2013
- ↑ Jens Anker: But more residents? Berlin is suing the census result. In: www.morgenpost.de. Retrieved October 11, 2016 .
- ↑ Provisional order of the Federal Constitutional Court of August 26, 2015, reasons I.1. ( bundesverfassungsgericht.de [accessed on May 12, 2017]).
- ↑ 2011 census: where the corpses live. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved October 11, 2016 .
- ^ Census judgment: 2011 census was constitutional . In: Spiegel Online . September 19, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed September 19, 2018]).
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg
- ↑ 2011 census, selected results. (PDF) destatis, p. 6; Retrieved June 1, 2013
- ^ The Office , statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de, accessed on March 3, 2018.
- ↑ Explanation of the 2021 census from statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de
- ↑ Berlin wants to help illegal immigrants. In: Der Tagesspiegel . February 23, 2009.
- ↑ Inhabitants of the State of Berlin on June 30, 2017 (PDF) In: Statistical Report AI 5 - hj 1 / 17. statistik Berlin Brandenburg, August 2017, accessed on October 28, 2017 .
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg
- ↑ Statistical report AI 5 - hj 1/17 - residents in the state of Berlin on June 30, 2017
- ↑ Every fourth Berliner is an academic. In: Berliner Morgenpost , accessed on March 6, 2018.
- ↑ Church membership figures on December 31, 2010 (PDF), Evangelical Church Germany, accessed on July 18, 2017.
- ↑ Berlin has the strongest job engine nationwide ( memento of the original from February 17, 2016 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on February 9, 2016.
- ↑ Employees subject to social insurance contributions at the place of work , Berlin-Brandenburg Statistics Office, accessed on September 15, 2017.
- ↑ Population development and population status in Berlin 1st quarter 2016 (PDF) Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg.
- ↑ Statistical report AI 5 - hj 2/17 - residents in the State of Berlin on December 31, 2017. (PDF) Basic data. In: statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de. Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg, February 1, 2018, p. 12 ff. , Archived from the original on March 4, 2018 ; Retrieved May 23, 2018 (List 9 and List 10). .
- ↑ Population forecast for Berlin and the districts 2011–2030 . Senate Department for Urban Development
- ↑ Population forecast for Berlin and the districts 2015–2030 . Senate Department for Urban Development
- ↑ see the notes "Source: 1991-2014 Population Register " in stadtentwicklung.berlin.de (PDF)
