Research stations in the Antarctic
Research stations in Antarctica have existed since the 1950s; in 2004 their number was given as 85. Around half of the research stations are manned all year round (marked with winter), while the rest are only used in the Antarctic summer.
history
With the "Race to the South Pole" in 1912, whaling stations and research camps were set up at an early stage . On the one hand, these had an economic and an actual scientific interest, but on the other hand they had to mark territorial claims of the various states. In the 1930s there were also military operations in the Antarctic area. From the 1950s, there was a strong global interest in exploring the Antarctic and the scientific institutions of the countries began systematic work on the sixth continent. This led to the opening of more and more research stations, which are differentiated according to their location on the actual continent ( Antarctica ) and on offshore islands. Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
Stations outside the Antarctic continent
These are located on islands between the 40th and 60th parallel south.
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bird Island | United Kingdom | 1957 | winter | 54 ° 0 ′ S , 38 ° 3 ′ W | Bird Island on the island of the same name off the western tip of South Georgia |
Campbell Island | New Zealand | before 1987 | winter | 52 ° 33 ' S , 169 ° 9' E | |
Gough Island | South Africa | 1956 | winter | 40 ° 21 ′ S , 49 ° 52 ′ E | on Gough Island |
Marion | South Africa | 1947 | winter | 46 ° 52 ' S , 37 ° 51' E | in the Prince Edward Islands |
Alfred Faure Station | France | 1964 | winter | 46 ° 26 ' S , 51 ° 52' E | Crozet Island |
Port-aux-Français (PAF) | France | 1951 | winter | 49 ° 21 ′ S , 70 ° 12 ′ E | Kerguelen |
Martin de Viviès station | France | 1950 | winter | 37 ° 50 ′ S , 77 ° 34 ′ E | New Amsterdam Island |
King Edward Point | United Kingdom | 1925 | winter | 54 ° 17 ′ S , 36 ° 30 ′ W | Cumberland East Bay, South Georgia . First, the device was Base M called. |
Stations in East Antarctica
Most of the stations are on or near the oceans, with very few in the interior of the continent.
Stations on the Atlantic Ocean
These lie between the Weddell Sea and the Lützow-Holm-Bucht .
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgrano II | Argentina | 5th February 1979 | winter | 77 ° 52 ′ S , 34 ° 37 ′ W | Nunatak Bertrab , on the Weddell Sea. Was set up to replace the Belgrano I station, which was to be abandoned. |
Aboa | Finland | 1988/89 | summer | 73 ° 3 ′ S , 13 ° 25 ′ W | |
Halley ( Base Z ) | United Kingdom | 1956 | winter | 75 ° 35 ′ S , 26 ° 40 ′ W | Brunt ice shelf on the Weddell Sea |
Jinnah Antarctic Station | Pakistan | 1991 | summer | 70 ° 24 ′ S , 25 ° 45 ′ E | Queen Maud Land |
King Baudouin base | Belgium | 1957-1961, 1964-1967 / 68 |
summer | 70 ° 26 ' S , 25 ° 45' E | Queen Maud Land on the Riiser-Larsen Sea , from 1964 a few hundred meters away the New King Baudouin Base |
Wasa | Sweden | 1988/89 | summer | 73 ° 3 ′ S , 13 ° 25 ′ W | Queen Maud Land |
Maitree (also Maitri) | India | 1988 | winter | 70 ° 46 ′ 40 ″ S , 11 ° 44 ′ 30 ″ E | Schirmacher oasis . The name of the station translates as friendship . In the first season, 26 people overwintered here. |
Neumayer III | Germany | 2009 | winter | 70 ° 41 ′ S , 8 ° 16 ′ W | Ekström Ice Shelf ( Atka Bay , Weddell Sea); on a novel construction that can be lifted |
Novolasarevskaya | Russia | 1961 | winter | 70 ° 56 ′ 0 ″ S , 11 ° 50 ′ 0 ″ E | Schirmacher Oasis , Queen Maud Land |
Princess Elisabeth Station | Belgium | 2009 | winter | 71 ° 34 ′ S , 23 ° 12 ′ E | Queen Maud Land : Utsteinen inland from Breid Bay . The first work on the construction of this station, which could only be used temporarily, began as early as 1958. |
SANAE I | South Africa | before 1987 | 70 ° 18 ′ S , 2 ° 25 ′ W | ||
SANAE IV | South Africa | 1959 | winter | 71 ° 40 ′ S , 2 ° 51 ′ W | Vesleskarvet ( Ahlmann Ridge ) |
SANAE E-Base | South Africa | 19 ?? | summer | 70 ° 18 ′ S , 2 ° 24 ′ W | |
Svea | Sweden | 1990 | 74 ° 35 ′ S , 11 ° 13 ′ W | On Queen Maud Land in the Heimefrontfjella mountain range . Still in operation in 2009. | |
goal | Norway | 1992 | summer | 71 ° 53 ′ 20 ″ S , 5 ° 9 ′ 30 ″ E | Svarthamaren , Queen Maud Land |
Troll | Norway | 1990 | winter | 72 ° 0 ′ 0 ″ S , 2 ° 32 ′ 0 ″ E | Queen Maud Land |
Stations on the Indian Ocean south of Africa
These lie between the Lützow-Holm-Bucht and the MacKenzie-Meer.
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shōwa ( Syowa ) | Japan | 1957 | winter | 69 ° 0 ′ 0 ″ S , 39 ° 35 ′ 0 ″ E | East Ongul Island . Mainly used for scientific monitoring of whaling. |
Molodyoshnaya Station | Russia | 1962 | winter | 67 ° 40 ′ S , 45 ° 50 ′ E | Enderbyland |
Mizuho | Japan | 1970 | summer | 70 ° 41 ′ S , 44 ° 19 ′ E | Queen Maud Land, border area with Enderbyland |
Mawson | Australia | 1954 | winter | 67 ° 36 ' S , 62 ° 52' E | Holme Bay , Robertson Land |
Soyuz | Russia | 1982 | summer | 70 ° 21 ′ S , 68 ° 28 ′ E | Wilkes Land |
Stations on the Indian and Pacific Ocean
These lie on the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean near the date line on the Cape to the Ross Sea
Stations at the Ross See
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gondwana | Germany | 1983 | winter | 74 ° 38 ' S , 164 ° 13' E | Was set up and operated for special geological research of the Transatlantic Mountains at Terra Nova Bay on the Ross Sea. The station name refers to the major continent of Gondwana , which existed up to about 180 mya . |
Hallett Station | New Zealand | before 1987 | 72 ° 19 ′ 0 ″ S , 170 ° 19 ′ 0 ″ E | ||
Jang-Bogo | South Korea | February 10, 2014 | winter | 74 ° 37 ′ S , 164 ° 12 ′ E | is in Terra Nova Bay , Viktorialand |
Leningradskaya |
Soviet Union , if it re-opens Russia |
February 25, 1971 (until 1991); 2007 |
winter | 69 ° 30 ′ 0 ″ S , 159 ° 23 ′ 0 ″ E | Located on the Oates Coast , Victoria Land. The researchers mainly dealt with meteorology, oceanography, glaciology and magnetism. After the station was closed in 1991, it was reopened in the 2007/08 season. |
Macquarie Island | Australia | before 1987 | winter | 54 ° 30 ′ 0 ″ S , 158 ° 56 ′ 0 ″ E | |
Mario Zucchelli | Italy | 1985 | summer | 74 ° 41 ′ 42 ″ S , 164 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ E |
Ross Sea area, Viktorialand in Terra Nova Bay . In 1985, as part of the second Italian Antarctic expedition, the construction of the station began, which could initially only be used for summer operations and was named Terra Nova Station . The station occupies an area of 650 square meters and comprises 12 individual containers that are used for living, storage, laboratories and supply purposes. The researchers completed a comprehensive program of geological, volcanological, atmospheric and climatic studies. Furthermore, they deal with marine studies, geomagnetism and the fauna of the area. In December 1987, the expansion began for year-round use of the station. |
McMurdo | United States | 1956 | winter | 77 ° 51 ' S , 166 ° 40' E | Hut Point Peninsula . The large, approximately 3 km long aircraft runway made of snow and ice bears the name Williamsfield Airbase . It is used by several nations. |
Scott | New Zealand | 1957 | winter | 77 ° 51 ' S , 166 ° 45' E | Pram Point , Ross Island . A long-term focus of research was penguins , the locations of the various animals were precisely determined and Adelie penguins were counted along the coast of the Ross Dependencies as part of the International Survey of Antarctic Seabirds (ISAS) from 1981 to 1987. - After 30 years The huts were modernized in 1986/87 by engineer units of the New Zealand army ( Huts restoration project ). |
Stations in the interior of the Antarctic
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amundsen-Scott South Pole |
United States | 1957 | winter | 89 ° 59 ′ 51 ″ S , 139 ° 16 ′ 22 ″ E | South Pole |
Concordia (Dome C) | France / Italy | 1997 | summer | 75 ° 6 ′ S , 123 ° 21 ′ E | Dôme C |
Dome C | France / Italy | 2003 | winter | 75 ° 6 ′ S , 123 ° 23 ′ E | |
Dome Fuji | Japan | 1995 | summer | 77 ° 19 ′ S , 39 ° 42 ′ E | |
Kohnen | Germany | 2001 | summer | 75 ° 0 ' S , 0 ° 4' E | After the Filchner station was abandoned, it was rebuilt with the salvaged living and working containers. |
Vostok | Russia | 1957 | winter | 78 ° 27 ' S , 106 ° 51' E | Here the lowest temperature ever measured on earth was determined to be -89.2 ° C ( cold pole ). The station will be used jointly by Russian, US and French researchers in the 21st century. |
Stations in West Antarctica
West Antarctica points to the South American continent . Its branch, the Antarctic Peninsula , separates the Atlantic and Pacific. It is easiest to get to because of its proximity to Tierra del Fuego and the vast extent to the north. Stations can be operated here with less effort, which is why there are most and also the oldest stations in this region.
Stations on the South Orkney Islands and on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula
- on the Weddell Sea
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thresher | Germany | 1989 (approximately) | summer | 72 ° 50 ′ S , 19 ° 2 ′ E | It is a mobile ice camp. |
Esperanza | Argentina | 1952 | winter | 63 ° 24 ′ S , 56 ° 59 ′ W | Punta Foca , Bahia Esperanza . In 1953 a military station opened next to it ( Destacamento Militar Esperanza ), which was renamed Base de Ejercito Esperanza in 1964 . In 1984 the station name was changed again, since then it has been called Base Antartica Esperanza - Fortin Sargento Cabral . Her scientific focus is on meteorological studies. |
Mendel | Czech Republic | February 22, 2008 | summer | 63 ° 48 ′ S , 57 ° 53 ′ W | James Ross Island . Official name Mendelova polární stanice . The station consists of a larger building with 9 outbuildings that can accommodate up to 20 people depending on the season. |
Marambio | Argentina | September 25, 1969 | winter | 64 ° 14 ′ S , 56 ° 38 ′ W | Seymour Island . Full name first Base Aera Vicecomodoro Marambio . The station consists of 11 larger buildings that can accommodate up to 58 people. A propeller plane and a helicopter are always available here for research flights. |
Matienzo | Argentina | March 15, 1961 | summer | 64 ° 58 ′ S , 60 ° 4 ′ W | Larsen Island . First opened as Base Conjunta Teniente (Tte.) Matienzo , renamed Base Antártica Matienzo in 1965 . |
Orcadas del Sur | Argentina | 1904 | winter | 60 ° 44 ′ S , 44 ° 44 ′ W | South Orkney Islands, Isthmus of Laurie Island |
Petrel station | Argentina | February 22, 1967 | winter | 63 ° 28 ′ S , 56 ° 12 ′ W | Dundee Island , Cape Welchness . Since 1953 there have been occasional uses of a refuge here. The station with the full name Aeronaval Petrel was officially inaugurated in 1967. Until 1974 it served only as a naval base station ( Destacamento Naval Petrel ), since 1980 it is only called Petrel. The station comprises 10 residential and work buildings for up to 15 people. |
Signy ( Base H ) | United Kingdom | 1947 | Winter; from 1996 only summer | 60 ° 43 ′ S , 45 ° 36 ′ W | Borge Bay , Signy Island , South Orkney Islands |
Stops on the South Shetland Islands (except King George Island ) and on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula
- at the Bellingshausen lake
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adelaida | Chile | 1984 | winter | 67 ° 46 ′ S , 68 ° 54 ′ W | Mainly used as a base for the Chilean Air Force. |
Arturo Prat Station | Chile | 1947 | winter | 62 ° 30 ′ S , 59 ° 41 ′ W | Greenwich Island , South Shetland Islands. |
Brown, Estacion Cientifica Almirante (Alte.) | Argentina | 1951 | summer | 64 ° 53 ′ S , 62 ° 52 ′ W | Punta Proa, Bahía Puerto Paraíso . Since 1955 in the Argentine Antarctic research project. From December 1960 to 1964 conversion from a naval station to a research station and reopened with a new name. Almost completely burned down in a major fire in April 1984 and was uninhabitable for a while. |
Camara | Argentina | April 1, 1953 | summer | 62 ° 36 ′ S , 59 ° 54 ′ W |
Livingston Island South Shetland Islands. First opened as Bahia Luna station, renamed Camara in 1955. |
Decepción Station , Destacamento Naval | Argentina | 1948 | summer | 62 ° 59 ′ S , 60 ° 43 ′ W | Deception Island , South Shetland Islands; Marine base station |
Gabriel de Castilla station | Spain | 1989 | summer | 62 ° 58 ′ 51 ″ S , 60 ° 41 ′ 0 ″ W. | Deception Island , South Shetland Islands. Erected as part of the first Spanish Antarctic expedition. The station offers space for around 30 people, the research work is mainly directed towards the fish stock, because it is also about new fishing grounds for the Spanish fishing fleet. |
Juan Carlos I Station | Spain | 1988 | summer | 62 ° 39 ′ S , 60 ° 23 ′ W |
Livingston Island , South Shetland Islands. The components of the station were built in Finland and can accommodate around 30 winterers. Her research includes meteorology, biology, geology, and volcanology. |
Luis Carvajal Villarroel (Teniente ~) | Chile | 1985 | 67 ° 45 ′ S , 68 ° 55 ′ W | Adelaide Island . This Antarctic station is a former British facility known as Base T that was in use from 1961 to 1977. It serves as a flight base for missions in the interior of the Antarctic territory and was unofficially put into operation in 1983. | |
Luis Risopatron | Chile | 19 ?? | summer | 62 ° 22 ′ S , 59 ° 40 ′ W | Robert Island , South Shetland Islands |
Melchior, Destacamento Naval | Argentina | 1947 | summer | 64 ° 20 ′ S , 62 ° 59 ′ W | Melchior Islands , naval base station |
O'Higgins | Chile / Germany | 1948/1991 | year-round since 2010 | 63 ° 19 ′ 0 ″ S , 57 ° 54 ′ 0 ″ W. | The name of the Chilean station is Bernardo O'Higgins . The German station was founded in 1991 by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) and is operated in close cooperation with Chile. |
Palmer | United States | 1965 | winter | 64 ° 46 ′ S , 64 ° 3 ′ W | Anvers Island |
Pedro Vicente Maldonado | Ecuador | 1990 | summer | 62 ° 26 ′ S , 59 ° 45 ′ W | Greenwich Island , South Shetland Islands |
Primavera | Argentina | March 8, 1977 | summer | Cape Primavera . | |
Rothera | United Kingdom | 1975 | winter | 67 ° 34 ′ S , 68 ° 7 ′ W | Rothera Point , Adelaide Island |
San Martín, General (Grail.) | Argentina | 1950; Reopened in 1976 | winter | 68 ° 8 ′ S , 67 ° 4 ′ W | Barry Islet , San Martin Islet on Margaret Bay . Closed on December 27, 1960, only occupied in the summer of 1973/74 and 1974/75. |
St. Kliment Ohridski Station | Bulgaria | 1988 | winter | 64 ° 46 ′ S , 64 ° 3 ′ W | As part of the 33rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition, four specialists traveled with them who had erected two prefabricated houses on Livingston Island as the first Bulgarian research station. She was named Hemus . In the following season the actual station was built on the Alexander-I-Land . The research concentrated on geological investigations, in addition, tasks of geophysics and meteorology were performed. The station is not manned every season. |
St. Kliment-Ochridski | Bulgaria | 1988 (refuge), 1993 |
summer | 62 ° 38 ′ 29 ″ S , 60 ° 21 ′ 53 ″ W. | Livingston Island , South Shetland Islands. This is the provisional first station. |
Videla: GGV Gabriel González Videla |
Chile | 1951 | summer | 64 ° 49 ′ S , 62 ° 51 ′ W | |
Vernadsky | Ukraine | 1996 | summer | 65 ° 15 ′ S , 64 ° 16 ′ W | former British Faraday station on Galíndez Island , Antarctic Peninsula |
Stations on King George Island
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arctowski | Poland | 1977 | winter | 62 ° 9 ′ S , 58 ° 28 ′ W | Admiralty Bay , King George Island. The Polish scientists set up a botanical seed bank at the station , in which the genetic material of valuable cultivated plants and wild plants from all over the world is stored frozen. |
Artigas | Uruguay | 1984 | Summer* | 62 ° 11 ′ S , 58 ° 51 ′ W | King George Island, on east Maxwell Bay . When the station was commissioned, three container huts delivered from New Zealand were set up, two of which can be connected to one another. The station is manned by eight people all year round, and up to 60 in summer. |
Bellingshausen | Russia | 1968 | winter | 62 ° 12 ′ 0 ″ S , 58 ° 58 ′ 0 ″ W. | Collins Harbor, King George Island |
Dallmann | Germany | 1994 | summer | 62 ° 14 ′ 16 ″ S , 58 ° 39 ′ 52 ″ W. | Annex of the Argentine Carlini station on King George Island |
Escudero | Chile | 1994 | winter | 62 ° 11 ′ S , 58 ° 58 ′ W | King George Island , South Shetland Islands |
Comandante Ferraz | Brazil | February 6, 1984 | winter | 62 ° 5 ′ S , 58 ° 23 ′ W. | King George Island. It was built in January 1984 by 12 military personnel and other specialists as part of the second Brazilian Antarctic expedition. The station structures are made of special steel and can be raised hydraulically. The station occupies a total area of 2600 m², on which the accommodation stands as modules. It offers space for 12 scientists and a few assistants. The supply takes place by plane via the Chilean Antarctic station Teniente Marsh . In March 1985 the station was temporarily closed, and wintering did not take place until the next season. In February 2012, the entire station was completely destroyed by a major fire in which two military personnel were killed. The helpers and survivors have been accommodated in the neighboring Chilean station. |
Great Wall ( Chang Cheng ) | People's Republic of China | February 15, 1985 | winter | 62 ° 13 ′ S , 58 ° 58 ′ W | King George Island. The station (Chinese transcription Changcheng ) was built very close to the Polish station (Arctowski), the Chilean station (Marsh) and the Brazilian station (Ferraz) with a great deal of personnel and material expenditure. It consists of two main buildings with a total of 37 rooms at 350 m², a meteorological observation station, four auxiliary buildings and contains a 20 meter high radio mast and a helicopter landing pad. The first head of this station was Dr. Guo Kung. It was not until 1986 that it was extended for year-round use. |
Carlini | Argentina | 1953 | winter | 62 ° 14 ′ 0 ″ S , 58 ° 40 ′ 0 ″ W. | Caleta Potter , South Shetland Islands on Maxwell Bay. In 1953 Argentina built a refuge at this point, which only became a permanent, permanently habitable research station in 1982. In the vicinity there are still refuges under Argentine sovereignty (Gurruchaga and Ballve). - The Carlini station is shown within a small sheet of stamps from the Argentine Post Office from 1986. |
King Sejong Station | South Korea | 17th February 1988 | winter | 62 ° 13 ′ S , 58 ° 47 ′ W. | King George Islands. The opening of the first South Korean Antarctic station was honored with the issue of a special postage stamp on the opening day. |
Machu Picchu | Peru | 1989 | summer | 62 ° 5 ′ S , 58 ° 28 ′ W. | at the end of Admiralty Bay |
Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva (Teniente Rodolfo Marsh) | Chile | March 7, 1969 | winter | 62 ° 12 ′ S , 58 ° 54 ′ W | The station was built by the Fuerza Aérea de Chile and inaugurated on March 7, 1969 by the namesake, then Chilean President Eduardo Frei Montalva . The research station and the village of Villa Las Estrellas are supplied via Teniente Rodolfo Marsh Martin Airport. |
Villa Las Estrellas | Spain , handed over to Chile | 1983 | Winter (80 people); Summer (120 people) | It is a civil service station that is very close to Tte. Marsh is located and houses entire families. |
Former stations on Antarctica and the Antarctic Islands
(Alphabetical)
Station name | country | of | to | place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asuka | Japan | 1970 | 1991 | 71 ° 32 ′ 0 ″ S , 24 ° 8 ′ 0 ″ E | Princess Ragnhild Land , Queen Maud Land . The Asuka Camp was initially only occupied in the Antarctic summer, in 1986 it was expanded for year-round use. |
Belgrano-I | Argentina | March 10, 1955 | January 30, 1980 | 77 ° 59 ′ S , 38 ° 44 ′ W | Filchner Ice Shelf . Renamed Base de Ejercito Belgrano in the 1964/65 season ; had to be closed because it had sunk too deep into the ice. |
Belgrano III | Argentina | January 30, 1980 | January 15, 1984 | 77 ° 54 ′ S , 45 ° 37 ′ W. | Berkner Island . A further replacement for the Belgrano I station, which was to be abandoned, had to be abandoned due to the decay of the ice. |
Biscoe, Campamento Punta ~ | Chile | 1983 | 64 ° 49 ′ S , 63 ° 49 ′ W | A research focus was geodesy and glaciology. | |
Byrd station | United States | 1957-01-01 | 2005 | 80 ° 1 ′ S , 119 ° 32 ′ W. | and is named after the American polar explorer Richard Evelyn Byrd . |
Comodoro Guesalaga | Chile | 1983 | 67 ° 46 ′ S , 68 ° 54 ′ W | ||
Copper mine | Chile | 1983 | 62 ° 23 ′ S , 59 ° 40 ′ W | ||
Corbeta Uruguay | Argentina | 1976 | June 20, 1982 | 59 ° 27 ′ S , 27 ° 19 ′ W | In the east of Morrell Island , where the summer refuge Teniente Esquivel was built in 1955 . Evacuated by the British in the Falklands War. |
Druzhnaya 1 | Soviet Union | ||||
Druzhnaya 2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Druzhnaya 3 | Soviet Union | ||||
Dakshin Gangotri | India | 1983 | 1991 (approx.) | 70 ° 5 ′ 0 ″ S , 12 ° 0 ′ 0 ″ E | Set up in 1983 with a team of 82 people south of Novolasarevskaya station . 12 hibernators remained, including 3 scientists. The head of the station was Lieutenant S. S. Sharma. In the summer of 1984 the station was expanded by three container huts and an automatic receiving station for satellite weather data and an HF transmission system were installed. In the winter of 1984/85 a new team of scientists carried out further work in the fields of meteorology, biology, molecular biology, geology and oceanography, the new head was Lieutenant Colonel Kumaresh. |
Ellsworth Station , Estacion Cientifica | Argentina | January 24, 1957 | 1962 | 77 ° 43 ′ 0 ″ S , 41 ° 8 ′ 0 ″ W. | Established by the USA and given to Argentina. |
Filchner | Germany | 1982 | 1999 | 77 ° 6 ′ S , 50 ° 24 ′ W | Had to be abandoned in 1999 when the glacier collapsed. The recovered containers were used again when the new Kohnen station was set up. |
Georg Forster | German Democratic Republic | July 1, 1987 | 1993 | 70 ° 47 ' S , 11 ° 51' E | in the Schirmacher Oasis ; A basic laboratory, which was attached to the Soviet Novolasarewskaya Station , had served as separate accommodation for GDR scientists since 1976. It was converted into an independent research station by the Academy of Sciences of the GDR and equipped with a new universal container. It was named after the German naturalist Georg Forster . Initially, it was a group of 12 researchers and technicians who lived in a metal container as hibernators and carried out biological and zoological studies specifically on changes in behavior and population. After the site was given up, the station elements were completely dismantled and removed by 1996. |
Komsomolskaya | Soviet Union | 1957 | 1959 (1962) | 74 ° 6 ′ S , 94 ° 30 ′ E | Occupied all year round until 1959; Abandoned in 1962. At this station, abandoned by the Soviets, a team of nine Swiss researchers, together with eight other people, was to work in the Antarctic Expedition Cooperative founded by the Swiss Society of Researchers and Polar Drivers in the period 1965/66 . But the cooperative had to file for bankruptcy beforehand in November 1963, so that all plans melted away. |
Leningradskaya | Soviet Union | 1971 | 1993 | 69 ° 30 'S / 159 ° 23' E | |
Little America | United States | 1928 | 1958 | 78 ° 12 ′ S , 162 ° 12 ′ W | Established as part of the first major USA Antarctic Expedition ( Byrd Antarctic Expedition ). The main donors were Rockefeller and Henry Ford . Four expedition ships, accompanied by two whaling ships, transported 82 expedition participants and all their equipment and food, as well as three aircraft and a helicopter to Walvis Bay. The station was set up directly on the bay's ice barrier and comprised 22 individual structures. From here the first overflight of the South Pole took place with an airplane - the "Floyd Bennett" with the American polar explorer Richard Evelyn Byrd and the Norwegian pilot, a photographer and an assistant on board. On November 29, 1929, the American flag was dropped directly over the pole. In later years (from 1946) further US stations were established in the AA, which were given the serial numbers II to V. |
Maudheim | Norway | February 15, 1950 | 1952 | 71 ° 3 ′ S , 10 ° 56 ′ W | Located on the Norsel Bay . The station was created through joint preparations by British, Norwegian and Swedish researchers and technicians. In this camp they continued studies on meteorology, glaciology, geology and seismics, which had already been started in the Antarctic in the 1930s by Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen and Finn Lützow-Holm (1890–1950). |
Neumayer I. | Germany | 1981 | 1992 | 70 ° 37 ′ S , 8 ° 22 ′ W | Ekström Ice Shelf ( Atka Bay , Weddell Lake) |
Neumayer II | Germany | 1993 | 2009 | 70 ° 39 ′ S , 8 ° 15 ′ W | Ekström Ice Shelf (Atka Bay, Weddell Sea), underground; given up |
Norge ( Norway ) | Norway | 1971 | 70 ° 30 ′ S , 2 ° 52 ′ W | in Queen Maud Land. | |
Oasis |
Soviet Union from 1959 Poland |
October 15, 1956 | January 21, 1959 | 66 ° 16 ′ S , 100 ° 45 ′ E | 1959 transferred to Poland, which continued to operate the research station under the name of Anton B. Dobrowolski . |
Pionerskaya | Soviet Union | 17th May 1956 | January 15, 1959 | 69 ° 40 ′ S , 95 ° 31 ′ E | |
Plateau station | United States | December 13, 1965 | 29th January 1969 | 79 ° 15 ′ S , 40 ° 34 ′ E | |
Pole of inaccessibility ( Полюс недоступности ) | Soviet Union | 1956? | December 26, 1958 | 82 ° 6 ′ S , 54 ° 58 ′ E | It was a single accommodation of 24 m² for four people. At the opening ceremony of the station, a Lenin monument was erected on a neighboring rock. - Long after the station was closed, it was used in December 2007 to accommodate three English adventurers who had reached the pole of inaccessibility on skis and with the help of towing kites. |
Port Martin | France | January 20, 1950 | January 24, 1952 | 66 ° 49 ′ S , 141 ° 24 ′ E | Forerunner of Dumont d'Urville , housed 11 (1950) to 17 (1951) people in the winter, destroyed by fire on the night of January 23rd to 24th, 1952. |
Siple station | United States | 1973 | 1989 | 75 ° 55 ′ S , 83 ° 57 ′ W | At the end of the Antarctic season 1988/89, this station was closed because its buildings had sunk deeper and deeper into the ice. |
Eight station | United States | before 1987 | 75 ° 14 ′ 0 ″ S , 77 ° 10 ′ 0 ″ E | ||
Sobral | Argentina | April 2, 1965 | 1972 | 81 ° 4 ′ S , 40 ° 30 ′ W | On the Filchner Ice Shelf in the Sobral pesacola mountains; This station, fully named Base cientific de Ejercito Sobral, was closest to the South Pole and was in operation all year round. |
Jump | Chile | 1983 | 64 ° 18 ′ S , 61 ° 3 ′ W | ||
Vanda station | New Zealand | 19th October 1969 | 1995 | 77 ° 31 ' S , 161 ° 40' E | Year-round station until 1974, summer station from 1976 until abandonment |
World Park Base (Greenpeace station) |
Greenpeace |
1986/87 | 1992 | 77 ° 38 ' S , 166 ° 25' E | About 50 km from the American station McMurdo , at Cape Evans on the Ross Sea. The living and working buildings are made of wood and should therefore be exemplary biodegradable. Each winter team consists of four people, the leaders and employees come from different nations and disciplines. They specialized in the investigation of environmental damage that has occurred and is occurring through the long-term operation of research stations in the Antarctic. Serious environmental damage was found at the Scott-Base station (untreated sewage was discharged into the sea), at McMurdo (a huge garbage dump on which technical devices with PCBs were also stored and the bay was contaminated with around 200,000 liters of fuel leaking tanks), at Dumont d'Urville station (the construction of a runway was prevented that would have endangered the habitat of 75,000 penguins), at Leninsgradskaya station (a garbage dump with chemical waste, glass and plastic was made public) and finally increased radioactivity was measured at the site of an earlier nuclear reactor (Nukey Poo). With all these expeditions and actions, Greenpeace is pursuing the goal of obtaining observer status in the Antarctic Treaty in order to contribute to the preservation of the Antarctic ecosystem. |
Vostok 1 | Soviet Union | December 16, 1957 | Replaced by the Vostok station. | ||
Yelcho | Chile | 1963 | 1966 | 64 ° 52 ′ S , 63 ° 35 ′ W | Whalers Bay , Deception Island , South Shetland Islands. Occasionally occupied after 1966, for example 1983/84. |
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ As of 2004 according to COMNAP
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v coordinates and further information from the journal Polar record , Cambridge, 1987; Copy from the East Berlin State Library v. February 1988: List of officially registered 1987 working wintering stations in Antarctica and their geographical location <is available with the 44 penguins>
- ↑ a b c d List of other known permanent stations in the Antarctic and their geographical location
- ↑ Russian wiki page for station Druzhnaya 4
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: Australian Antarctic Territory and Ross Dependencies . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: Second Italian Antarctic Expedition 1986-1987 ended . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the GDR Cultural Association (1980–1990)
- ↑ Antarctica online from August 2008 (archive) ; Retrieved April 15, 2011
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: Australian Antarctic Territory and Ross Dependencies . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Russian wiki page for the Vostok station
- ↑ a b c d e f g Bernd Geyer: The Argentine Antarctica (Part 2) . Contribution to the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Bernd Geyer: The Argentine Antarctica (Part 3) . Article in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Bernd Geyer: News from Argentina and its research stations . Article in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Bernd Geyer: Activities of South American States in the Antarctic (here: Chile) and the 1984–1985 Antarctic season . Contributions in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: Bulgaria plans research on the white continent (and) the Bulgarian exploration expedition 1987/88 . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the GDR Cultural Association (1980–1990)
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: The Antarctic stations on King George Island (South Shetland) . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the GDR Cultural Association (1980–1990)
- ^ Bernd Geyer: The second Brazilian Antarctic expedition . Contribution to the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the GDR Cultural Association (1980–1990)
- ↑ Two die in fire , BBC news, February 26, 2012
- ^ Bernd Geyer: First Chinese Antarctic Expedition 1984/85 . Article in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: The Antarctic stations on King George Island (South Shetland) . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the GDR Cultural Association (1980–1990)
- ↑ a b c d e Bernd Geyer: Activities of South American States in the Antarctic (Part 2, 1985). Article in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the GDR Cultural Association (1980–1990)
- ^ The Antarctic Sun: Byrd History, June 12, 2009 . The Antarctic Sun .
- ^ John Stewart: Antarctica - An Encyclopedia . Vol. 1, McFarland & Co., Jefferson and London 2011, ISBN 978-0-7864-3590-6 , p. 258 (English)
- ^ Gerhard Höpp: Third Indian Antarctic Expedition 1983–1984 . Article in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ^ Gerhard Höpp: Fourth Indian Antarctic Expedition 1984–1985 . Contribution to the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Russian wiki page for the Komsomolskaya station
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: First Swiss Antarctic Expedition 1963-1965 . Article in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the GDR Cultural Association (1980–1990)
- ↑ Dieter Querndt. I. Byrd Antarctic Expedition 1928-1930. In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Antarctica online from August 2008 (archive) ; Retrieved April 15, 2011
- ^ A b Karl-Heinz Schöne (Halle): Norway's new Antarctic activities . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Russian wiki page for the Oasis station
- ↑ Russian wiki page for the Pionerskaya station
- ↑ Russian wiki page for station Полюс недоступности
- ↑ D. Querndt: Antarctic reports (here: US Antarctic station Siple); Article in the polar courier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Günter Haaf: The dispute over the cake is on hold. In: Geowissen, Arktis + Antarktis, No. 4 of November 5, 1990; P. 28f
- ↑ Dieter Querndt: 1st Greenpeace Antarctic Expedition (GAE) 1985–1986 , 2nd GAE, 3rd GAE 1988, 4th GAE 1988–1989 . In: Polarkurier , magazine for polar philately , ed. from the polar post working group at the Erfurt district board of the Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR (1980–1990)
- ↑ Stuart Franklin: Protest in the Frost ; detailed description of the Greenpeace activities in 1989/90. In: Geowissen, Arktis + Antarktis , No. 4 of November 5, 1990; P. 62ff
- ↑ Russian wiki page for station Vostok 1