Changchun

This article covers the capital of Jilin Province in the northeast of the People's Republic of China. For further meanings, see Changchun (disambiguation) .

Chángchūn Shì 长春 市 Changchun
Cityscapes
Changchun
Coordinates	43 ° 54 '  N , 125 ° 12'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 54 '  N , 125 ° 12'  E
Location of Changchun in Jilin
Basic data
Country	People's Republic of China
region	Northeast China
province	Jilin
status	Sub-provincial town
structure	6 city districts, 1 district, 3 independent cities
height	222 m
surface	3616 km²
Metropolitan area	20,565 km²
Residents	3,411,209 (2010)
Metropolitan area	7,674,439
density	943.4  Ew. / km²
Metropolitan area	373.2  Ew. / km²
Post Code	130000
Telephone code	+86 (0) 431
Time zone	China Standard Time (CST) UTC +8
Website	www.changchun.gov.cn

Location of Changchun in China

Changchun ( Chinese  長春 市  /  长春 市 , Pinyin Chángchūn Shì  - "long spring") is the capital of Jilin Province in the northeast of the People's Republic of China and one of the country's 15 sub-provincial cities . It has around 3.4 million inhabitants in the city center (as of January 1, 2010) and around 7.7 million in the entire city area.

geography

Area and climate

The administrative area of ​​Changchun covers an area of ​​20,565 km².

The annual average temperature is 4.9 ° C, the total annual precipitation 616 mm. The climate is continental with cold and relatively dry winters and warm and humid summers.

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Changchun Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −10.4 −6.3 2.7 13.5 21.7 26.0 27.9 26.4 21.3 13.0 1.8 −7.2 O 10.9 Min. Temperature (° C) −21.6 −18.5 −9.2 0.4 8.3 14.6 18.6 16.8 9.4 1.5 −8.8 −17.7 O −0.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 4th 5 9 22nd 42 91 184 128 61 34 12 4th Σ 596 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 6.3 7.2 7.9 8.8 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.6 6.9 5.6 5.6 5.4 O 7th Humidity ( % ) 68 63 55 51 51 67 78 80 71 64 66 68 O 65.2 Source: wetterkontor.de

Administrative structure

At the county level, Changchun consists of seven municipalities , one county and two independent cities . These are:

• District Chaoyang (朝阳区), km² 379, 740,000 inhabitants, center, seat of the city government;
• Erdao District (二 道 区), 965 km², 390,000 inhabitants;
• District Jiutai (九台区), 2,875 km², 830,000 inhabitants;
• Kuancheng District (宽 城区), 877 km², 470,000 inhabitants,
• Lüyuan District (绿园区), 301 km², 570,000 inhabitants;
• Nanguan District (南 关 区), 497 km², 610,000 inhabitants,
• Shuangyang District (双阳 区), 1,663 km², 380,000 inhabitants;
• Nong'an County (农 安县), 5,221 km², 1.12 million inhabitants, capital: Nong'an Municipality (农 安镇);
• City of Dehui (德惠 市), 3,096 km², 920,000 inhabitants;
• City of Yushu (榆树市), 4,691 km², 1.23 million inhabitants.

The population figures refer to the end of 2004 and assume 7.26 million inhabitants for the whole of Changchun.

population

The 2000 census counted 7,135,439 inhabitants for the entire administrative area of ​​Changchuns.

Name of the people	Residents	Percentage)
Han	6,883,310	96.47
Manju	0142.998	02.0
Korean	0049,588	00.69
Hui	0043,692	00.61
Mongols	0011,106	00.16
Xibe	00000685	00.01
Zhuang	00000533	00.01
Miao	00000522	00.01
Others	00003,005	00.04

Population development of the agglomeration according to the UN

In 2017, just under 4.2 million people lived in the actual urban settlement area of ​​the city. The rest of the population lives in the rural area. Due to the ongoing urbanization, 5.5 million inhabitants are expected in the agglomeration by 2035.

year	population
1950	765,000
1960	1,111,000
1970	1,255,000
1980	1,655,000
1990	2,350,000
2000	2,892,000
2010	3,577,000
2017	4,152,000

economy

Changchun is one of the most important industrial cities in northern China. The city is home to steel mills and a large number of metal processing plants. The number 1 vehicle plant ( China FAW Group ) was once the largest manufacturer of cars in China and has been operating two large joint ventures in the city together with Volkswagen / Audi and Toyota since 1991 . In 2004, vehicle plant number 2 was inaugurated. 660,000 VW vehicles are produced annually and 9,000 people are employed in the vehicle factories. A further expansion into the largest Chinese car city is planned. Since 1999, Changchun also has its own international auto show. The China Changchun International Automobile Fair 2009 was the largest event to date with 130 domestic and foreign exhibitors. But the automobile manufacturer Zxauto also operates its second plant here.

Other economic factors are

• The Agriculture : The area around Changchun covers 1.1 million hectares of cultivated land;
• the film industry: The Changchun Film Festival has been held since 1992 and
• Rail transport: Changchun is an important rail hub with connections to Russia , Korea and numerous Chinese provinces. The Beijing - Harbin and Dalian- Harbin express connections currently under construction are to pass through Changchun.

According to a study from 2014, Changchun has a gross domestic product of 124.46 billion US dollars in purchasing power parity . In the ranking of the economically strongest metropolitan regions in the world, it took 108th place. The GDP per capita is $ 16,413 (PEC). The GDP per capita grew by an average of 12.4% annually from 2000 to 2014.

Culture and sights

Museum and gastronomy

German restaurant in town

Changchun Market

A notable attraction is the Imperial Palace , in which the Emperor of Manchukuo , Puyi , who was appointed by the Japanese , resided.

Puyi's throne room

The International Animation, Comics & Games Museum, founded by Rolf Giesen , has been in Changchun since 2010 .

education

Changchun is home to Jilin University (JLU), Northeast Normal University and Changchun University of Science and Technology . The Jilin Huaqiao Foreign Language Institute is also located here . The Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations , which was founded in 1984 as the first ancient university institute in China, publishes the Journal of Ancient Civilizations and employs up to four foreign researchers as visiting professors every year, is located at the Northeast Normal University . Rainer Hannig , Bernhard Kytzler , Fritz-Heiner Mutschler , Carl Joachim Classen , David A. Warburton , Maria Rybakova , Burkhard Fehr and Sven Günther have already worked in the city. The mathematician Tassilo Küpper was honorary professor at Jilin University in 1988.

Changchun skyline, Nanhu Lake in the foreground

Culture and sport

In 2003, the Chinese Sports Organization established the Vasaloppet China Festival in the Changchun area with a cross-country skiing competition in graduated lengths, the Vasaloppet China , and extensive cultural events.

In 2007 the Asian Winter Games were held in Changchun.

history

Datong Avenue in Xinjing (Changchun), 1939

In the 18th century , Changchun was a small trading city. It was not until 1906 that the city gained greater importance when the Japanese South Manchurian Railway and the Russian Chinese Eastern Railway met here.

After Japan in 1931 in the Manchurian crisis , the Manchuria occupied and the satellite state of Manchukuo cried out, the town was 1932, the capital of the state. The name was changed to Xinjing ( 新 京 , Xīnjīng , Japanese Shinkyō , obsolete after Post Hsinking ), in German " New Capital ". The city experienced enormous growth and large avenues and government facilities were built. In addition, the first Japanese high-speed line of the Ajia from Changchun to Dalian was built here.

The Japanese also settled large film companies, which initially mainly produced propaganda films.

In 1945 the city was occupied by the Soviet Red Army in Operation August Storm . The troops sacked the city. The Soviet Union maintained a presence in the city until 1956 and built the first automobile production facility. The on a Ford -based model Jiefang - Truck (German "liberation") and the Red Flags saloons were produced here until 1987th

During the Chinese Civil War , the city was occupied by the Kuomintang in 1946 . From March to October 1948, the city was besieged by CCP troops and then captured. Up to a million people died, many of them starving. In the official Chinese historiography, the "victory" of Changchun was considered to be one of the most peaceful and "bloodless" chapters of the glorious liberation struggle of the people; casualty figures were not mentioned.

In 1954, Changchun became the capital of Jilin Province. In May 1992, Li Hongzhi first published his teachings on Falun Gong here .

In January 2006, the German city planner Albert Speer junior was awarded the contract to plan and build an automobile production facility which, at 120 km², is twice the size of Shanghai's Autocity Anting . The settlement of 300,000 employees was included in the project, most of the construction work has already been completed (as of 2017). The end of the project is planned for 2022. According to the city government's plans, Changchun is to become a Detroit of the East . It is already China's second largest automotive location.

City expansion

China is in one of the largest transformation processes in its history, and by 2025 another 350 million people will be relocating from the countryside to the cities. Changchun is also expected to double its population in the next 10 to 15 years. The planning office Albert Speer and Partner, Frankfurt a. M., won the competition for an ecological expansion of Changchun. The new parts of the city that will emerge from 2008 are to be given the function of a “car city”, i.e. H. All areas are subordinated to the close interlinking of work in the development and production area, living close to the workplace and regenerative leisure activities. According to the will of the Chinese government, Changchun will become the main focus of the fast growing domestic automotive industry. To what extent the concept of a predominantly eco-city like the one in Shanghai Dongtan is being pursued, will be shown by the detailed planning that is still outstanding.

The master plan provides for one of the typical square city grids, which is about 10 km wide and 12 km long and is intended to accommodate 300,000 residents. The model city is characterized by an avenue-like double axis, interrupted twice by artificially guided rivers, which are supposed to ensure good ventilation with wide accompanying areas. All centrally usable buildings and many of the emission-free workplaces are planned in the center, the residential areas are to the right and left of the main axis at a reasonable distance; this city should also help the bicycle to flourish again. The design of the peripheral areas of the planned city will probably also be combined with ecological landscape repairs, i. H. with publicly usable, park-like areas or smaller forest areas instead of areas that are used intensively for agriculture but are closed to the public.

Twin cities

Changchun has partnered with the Canadian Quebec and Greenland capital Nuuk . The following 18 city ​​partnerships are also listed:

city	country	since	Type
Birmingham	England, UK	1983	Twin town
Ch'ongjin	Hamgyong, North Korea	2003	Twin town
Hjørring	North Jutland, Denmark	2017	Twin town
Krasnoyarsk	Siberia, Russia	2014	Twin town
Little rock	Arkansas, United States	1994	Twin town
Master tone	Wellington, New Zealand	1996	Twin town
Minsk	Belarus	1992	Twin town
Montreuil	Île-de-France, France	2008	Twin town
Mora	Dalarna, Sweden	2005	Twin town
Novi Sad	Vojvodina, Serbia	1981	Twin town
Plovdiv	Bulgaria	2009	City friendship
Prachin Buri	Thailand	2009	City friendship
Sendai	Tōhoku, Japan	1980	Twin town
Tijuana	Baja California, Mexico		Twin town
Ulan-Ude	Siberia, Russia	2000	Twin town
Ulsan	South Korea	1994	Twin town
Warrnambool	Victoria, Australia	2012	City friendship
Windsor	Ontario, Canada	1992	Twin town
Wolfsburg	Lower Saxony, Germany	2006	City friendship
Žilina	Slovakia	1992	Twin town

sons and daughters of the town

• Liu Binyan劉賓雁 / 刘宾雁 (1925–2005), journalist
• Ei-ichi Negishi (* 1935), Japanese chemist
• Hiroshi Nakai (1942–2017), Japanese politician
• Hwang Sok-yong (* 1943), South Korean author
• Liu Xiaobo劉曉波 / 刘晓波 (1955–2017), writer, system critic and human rights activist
• Wang Wenyi王文怡 (* 1959) pathologist and journalist
• Chen Lu陈 露 (* 1976), figure skater
• Yang Yang楊陽 / 杨阳 (* 1977), speed skater
• Li Weifeng李玮锋 (* 1978), soccer player
• Li Chengjiang李成江 (* 1979), figure skater
• Wang Hao王皓 (* 1983), table tennis professional
• Ran Deng邓 冉 (* 1989), pianist
• Li Zijun李子君 (* 1996), figure skater

Web links

Commons : Changchun  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• www.ccfao.com.cn - Official website of the city government (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 . 
2. ^ Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph Parilla: Global Metro Monitor . In: Brookings . January 22, 2015 ( brookings.edu [accessed July 19, 2018]).
3. ^ Liane von Billerbeck: China is rich in stories. Animation specialist Rolf Giesen on the museum in Changchun named after him. In: deutschlandfunkkultur.de. October 4, 2011, accessed January 13, 2018 . 
4. ^ Vasaloppet China. (No longer available online.) In: vasaloppetchina.com. May 24, 2016, archived from the original on December 1, 2017 ; accessed on January 13, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Lung Ying-tai: China's forgotten victims , the daily newspaper 13 October, 2009
6. ↑ Mark Siemons: The Other Cultural Revolution , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , August 26, 2009
7. ↑ Changchun Municipal People's Government: Chart of Friendly Cooperative Cities of Changchun. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 20, 2018 ; accessed on April 19, 2018 . 
8. ↑ Changchun Municipal People's Government. Retrieved March 27, 2018 . 
9. ↑ ChangChun. Retrieved July 29, 2020 .