District of Bitterfeld (Province of Saxony)

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The district Bitterfeld , until 1939 Kreis Bitterfeld was a district which from 1816 to 1952 in Prussia , the Soviet occupation zone and the GDR was. The area of ​​the former district is now in the districts of Anhalt-Bitterfeld , Saalekreis and Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt and in the district of North Saxony in Saxony .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

The Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna became the October 1, 1816 District Bitterfeld in the administrative district of Merseburg in the Prussian province of Saxony furnished. The new district essentially consisted of the former Saxon offices of Bitterfeld , Düben , Graefenhainichen and Zörbig . The district office was initially in Roitzsch and was relocated to Bitterfeld in 1827 .

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and since January 1, 1871 to the German Empire .

On September 30, 1929, in line with developments in the rest of Prussia, a regional reform took place in the Bitterfeld district, in which almost all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On January 1, 1939 resulted district Bitterfeld the term in accordance with the rich now unified control district .

On April 1, 1942, territorial exclusions and inclusions between Prussia and the state of Anhalt were eliminated. The following reclassifications were made:

After the dissolution of the province of Saxony on July 1, 1944, the district belonged to the new province of Halle-Merseburg , administrative district of Merseburg. In the spring of 1945 the area was occupied by the American Allied forces.

Soviet occupation zone / German Democratic Republic

The district of Bitterfeld was enlarged in 1950 by the communities Bobbau , Jeßnitz and Raguhn of the district of Dessau-Köthen and the community of Döbern of the district of Delitzsch ; at the same time, the Bitterfeld district ceded the communities of Kütten (with Drobitz ), Mösthinsdorf , Plötz (with Kösseln ) and Ostrau (with Werderthau ) to the Saalkreis .

In the course of the administrative reform of 1952 , the city of Graefenhainichen and the communities of Gossa , Gremmin , Gröbern , Jüdenberg , Krina , Möhlau , Schköna , Schwemsal , Söllichau , Tornau and Zschornewitz moved from the district of Bitterfeld to the new district of Graefenhainichen . The communities Authausen , Durchwehna , Görschlitz and Kossa moved to the Eilenburg district in the Leipzig district . The city of Bad Düben first came to the Graefenhainichen district, but was assigned to the Eilenburg district in the same year. The remaining cities and communities formed the Bitterfeld district , which, like the Graefenhainichen district , was assigned to the Halle district .

Population development

year Residents source
1816 27,676
1843 40,835
1871 48.189
1890 57,145
1900 67,036
1910 76,548
1925 95.219
1933 104,960
1939 118,843
1946 162,303

Local constitution

The district of Bitterfeld was divided into town communities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution - in independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous state municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Coat of arms of the Bitterfeld district, 1939

District administrators

coat of arms

The coat of arms was awarded on February 15, 1939 by the Prussian State Ministry and confirmed for the later Bitterfeld district on February 28, 1995 for continuation by the Ministry of the Interior.

Blazon : “Quartered; Field 1 and 4: in silver three red sea leaves, field 2: in gold a black, red-armored lion, field 3: in gold two blue stakes. "

The design of the coat of arms is based on the historical affiliation of the district area. The three water lily leaves take up the coat of arms of the County of Brehna , the Meißner lion indicates the former Saxon affiliation and the two " Landsberg piles " symbolize the Margraviate Landsberg . The coat of arms was designed by Magdeburg State Archives Councilor Otto Korn .

cities and communes

Status 1945

In 1945 the Bitterfeld district comprised five towns and 69 other municipalities:

The municipality-free manor district of Dübener Heide was also located in the district .

Municipalities dissolved or left before 1945

literature

  • Emil Obst: Description and history of the Bitterfeld district . Bitterfeld 1888 ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Bitterfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Merseburg 1816, p. 333
  2. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative region of Merseburg, p. 344 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  3. ^ Handbook of the Province of Saxony . Rubachsche Buchhandlung, Magdeburg 1843, Neustadt-Magdeburg, p. 185 ( digitized version [accessed June 6, 2016]).
  4. ↑ Royal Statistical Office of Prussia (ed.): The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Saxony. Publishing house d. Royal Extra Bureaus, Berlin 1873 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Bitterfeld. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ 1946 census