Landwasser (Albula)

Landwasser Totalpbach
The Landwasser near Davos-Islen, direction SW
Data
Water code	CH : 300
location	Western Eastern Alps Albula Alps Plural pen Switzerland canton of Grisons Prättigau / Davos region Albula region
River system	Rhine
Drain over	Albula  → Hinterrhein  → Rhine  → North Sea
Start as land water	above the Totalpsee 46 ° 50 ′ 18 ″  N , 9 ° 48 ′ 28 ″  E
Source height	2543  m above sea level M.
muzzle	between Filisur and Alvaneu Bad in the Albula Coordinates: 46 ° 40 ′ 10 ″  N , 9 ° 39 ′ 48 ″  E ; CH1903:  770 227  /  171104 46 ° 40 '10 "  N , 9 ° 39' 48"  O
Mouth height	953  m above sea level M.
Height difference	1590 m
Bottom slope	approx. 53 ‰
length	approx. 30 km, with Dischmabach 38 km
Catchment area	293.11 km²
Discharge at the estuary A Eo : 293.11 km²	MQ Mq	9.34 m³ / s 31.9 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries	Flüelabach , Dischmabach , Sertigbach
Right tributaries	Seewasser (before 1922), Albertibach
Small towns	Davos
Landwasser Viaduct near Filisur

The Landwasser , sometimes also the Landwasser, is a 30.5 kilometer (with the longest spring water 38 kilometers) long river in the river system of the Albula ( rät. Alvra ) in the canton of Graubünden , Switzerland . It is one of the main spring waters of the Alpine Rhine . The Landwassertal is known for the city of Davos and the Rhaetian Railway that follows it along its entire length .

geography

course

The Landwasser follows the main valley line of the Davos landscape. The name applies from the earlier confluence of the Flüelabach and the lake water , the no longer existing creek that drained Lake Davos . Although the lake water was much smaller than the Flüelabach, it was also called land water itself . Today, Lake Davos, fed by the Totalpbach and other smaller streams, flows through pressure tunnels to the Klosters power station in Prättigau for the purpose of using hydropower . If necessary, water from the Flüelabach is also fed underground. Only when the water level is very high can lake water reach the land water through an overflow structure.

The Dischmabach , which flows a little below and is about 15 kilometers long, is richer in water when it meets the land water and also longer. This makes the Dischmabach the main source river of the Landwasser system, which is around 38 kilometers long. Since the further flow path to Lake Constance is the more water-rich at each confluence, the land water with the Dischmabach is hydrologically the main branch of the Alpine Rhine system, even if its longest flow path is the Rein da Medel . The land water exceeds the Albula at the mouth not only in water flow (9.34 m³ / s compared to 5.76 m³ / s), but also in flow length, since the Albula, including its longest source brook Ava da Ravais-ch, was only about 21 Has covered kilometers.

The largest village on the bank is Davos . On its way, the Landwasser passes the Zügen Gorge and is spanned twice by spectacular railway bridges of the Rhaetian Railway : at Davos Wiesen from the Wiesener Viaduct and then from the Landwasser Viaduct between Filisur and Alvaneu Bad .

The most important secondary valleys meet the main valley of the Landwasser at an acute angle; an indication that the upper land water once flowed in the opposite direction. At that time the valley began a little above the Zügen Gorge, which was created later, and merged into the valley of today's Prättigau .

source muzzle

Source and mouth of the Landwasser

Tributaries

Inflows from the source to the mouth with length information in km, catchment area size in km² and the mean discharge (MQ) in m³ / s

• Flüelabach ( left ) 12.4 km, 35.01 km², 1.18 m³ / s
• Dorfbach ( right ), 3.5 km
• Schiabach ( right ), 23.6 km
• Dischmabach ( left ), 16.3 km, 53.6 km², 1.82 m³ / s
• Geisslochbach ( left ), 1.5 km
• Guggerbach ( right ), 3.7 km
• Bolgenbächli ( left ), 1.2 miles
• Karjölerbächli ( left ), 2.2 km
• Albertibach ( right ), 3.6 km, 4.38 km², 0.15 m³ / s
• Bildjibach ( right ), 3.7 km, 1.32 km²
• Maienbächli ( left ), 2.0 km
• Gebrunstbächli ( left ), 1.5 miles
• Frauenbach ( right ), 3.6 km, 2.21 km²
• Sertigbach ( left ), 8.9 km (with Chüealpbach 13.4 km) 47.2 km², 1.57 m³ / s
• Sutzibach ( right ), 5.4 km, 5.19 km², 0.20 m³ / s
• Grabentobel (Bach), 2.4 km, 1.32 km²
• Chummerbach ( right ), 4.6 km, 6.01 km², 0.23 m³ / s
• Bärentalerbach ( right ), 5.0 km, 7.09 km²
• Rieberbach ( left ), 3.0 km, 1.75 km²
• Läidbach ( Leidbach ) ( left ), 3.5 km, 4.71 km², 0.16 m³ / s
• Monsteinerbach ( left ), 1.2 km (with Inneralpbach 5.4 km) 19.1 km², 0.65 m³ / s
• Tälibach ( left ), 1.7 km, 3.76 km², 0.13 m³ / s
• Chüetobelbach ( left ), 2.4 km, 2.71 km²,
• Brüggentobelbach ( right ), 4.9 km, 17.03 km², 0.52 m³ / s
• Tieftobelbach ( right ), 3.2 km, 5.63 km²
• Schmittnerbach ( right ), 4.7 km, 10.55 km², 0.29 m³ / s

Economic use

The land water at Glaris, residual water after drainage

After the drainage of tributaries in the area of ​​Lake Davos, another part of the land water at Davos-Glaris is collected for the purpose of using hydropower and fed via a pressure tunnel to the Albula-Landwasser Kraftwerke (ALK) power plant in Filisur (65  MW output) about 10 kilometers away . The processed water from the Filisur equalization basin is fed to the ALK power plant in Tiefencastel (24 MW) via an 8.6-kilometer-long pressure tunnel and fed to the Albula there.

bridges

On its course, the Landwasser is spanned by around 50 bridges. Six railway bridges of the Rhaetian Railway cross the river - the most important of these are the Brombenz Viaduct in the Zügen Gorge, the Wiesen Viaduct and the Landwasser Viaduct .

→ Main article : List of bridges over the land water

Linguistic

Landwasser is an Alemannic name for the valley river, land denotes the economically usable valley floor or the main valley in contrast to the secondary valleys. In addition to the Davos Landwasser, which is dealt with in this article, Landwasser is also official for the valley river of the Grisons Malix (also called Rabiosa ) and the valley river of the Piedmontese Walser community of Rimella . Dialectal, but not officially, the Jaunbach in the canton of Friborg , the Saane , the Simme and the Engstlige in the canton of Bern , the Averserrhein , the Valserrhein , the Plessur and the Landquart in Graubünden , and the Sesia , the in the northern Italian Walser regions , are or became Sermenza and the Lys called Landwasser .

Web links

Commons : Landwasser  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Modeled mean annual discharge. In: Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved August 24, 2017 . 
3. ↑ R. Keller: Precipitation, runoff and evaporation in the Swiss high mountains. On the life's work of Otto Lütschg-Lötscher in: Geography IV, 1950, pp. 54–67, in it Chapter 3: Water management in the high mountains using the example of the Davos valley
4. ↑ The length information, catchment area sizes and the values ​​for the mean runoff to swisstopo .
5. ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon Vol. III Sp. 1297, Article Land (Bed. 3); Vol. XVI Col. 1820, Article Land-Water .