Lindenau (Leipzig)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lindenau is a district in the west of the Saxon city ​​of Leipzig . Emerging from a village founded by German farmers around the year 1000, the place developed into a prosperous industrial community in the second half of the 19th century, which was incorporated into Leipzig in 1891. In the 1920s, over 10 percent of the Leipzig population lived in Lindenau. Most of the Lindenauer were workers who were employed in the factories and businesses of the district.

In the GDR era, Lindenau, together with neighboring Plagwitz, was the most important industrial area in Leipzig. But hardly any more was invested in the old industries. The production facilities and the residential quarters were falling into disrepair and many residents had already emigrated before 1989. With the turnaround , industrial production collapsed. As part of the urban renewal area of West Leipzig , Lindenau has been a popular residential area again since the beginning of the 21st century, with many cultural institutions and a rapidly increasing population.

The Lindenau district is to be distinguished from the Lindenau district, which was determined when Leipzig was reorganized in 1992 and is delimited as follows: Lützner Strasse, Elsterflutbett, Karl-Heine-Strasse and the Leipzig – Probstzella railway line.

Lindenau market

Location and limits

The historically grown district of Lindenau (yellow) extends over several of the newly delimited Leipzig districts (green).

Lindenau is about 3 kilometers west of Leipzig city center. The district borders on Plagwitz in the south and Leutzsch in the northwest - the built-up area merges with these neighboring districts without any recognizable separation. Administratively, Karl-Heine-Strasse was set as the border with Plagwitz, and Prießnitzstrasse as the border with Leutzsch. The eastern border is formed by the Elster basin and the palm garden , a park created at the end of the 19th century. In the north, parts of the riparian forest border. In the west, the area of ​​the Lindenau port separates Lindenau from Schönau . Most of the Karl Heine Canal runs through the district . The old center of Lindenau forms the area around the Lindenauer Markt (formerly the village green with a pond), in the immediate vicinity of which the Protestant Nathanael Church is located.

The districts of Lindenau, Altlindenau and Neulindenau , which were delimited by the Leipzig city administration with the municipal structure from 1992 for statistical and administrative purposes , only roughly coincide with the historically grown district. Historically speaking, smaller parts of the districts of Lindenau and Neulindenau belong to Plagwitz, Leutzsch, Schönau or Kleinzschocher .

history

As a village

View of Lindenau after the Battle of Nations, 1815

Around the year 1000, German immigrants built the village on the western bank of the White Elster . Emperor Heinrich II donated the place on the Via Regia to the diocese of Merseburg in 1021 . Even after the Reformation, until 1815, the village belonged to the Merseburg monastery area under Electoral Saxon sovereignty ( Amt Lützen ). Through the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna , the western part of the Lützen district was ceded to Prussia in 1815. However, the Lindenau exclave remained with the eastern part of the office in the Kingdom of Saxony and was incorporated into the Leipzig district office. From 1856 the place belonged to the court office Leipzig II and from 1875 to the administrative authority Leipzig .

Lindenau has been known as a knight's seat since 1182, when a knight Dietrich von Lindenau (Didericus de Lindinouve) is mentioned in a document . The brothers Sigismund and Caspar von Lindenau sold Rittersitz and Dorf in 1527 to the Leipzig council and the von Lindenau family moved their headquarters to Machern . Even before the Reformation, Lindenau had a parish church, but in 1562 the parish was subordinated to the pastor of Leutzsch as a branch. It stayed that way for more than 300 years. Lindenau was a farming village until the middle of the 19th century. In addition to agriculture and animal husbandry, fishing on the rivers and in artificially created ponds was an important livelihood for the inhabitants.

During the Thirty Years War Lindenau was looted and destroyed in 1631, 1637 and 1642. In the course of the Leipzig Battle of Nations there were also battles in front of Lindenau. During his retreat, Emperor Napoleon stayed briefly in the Lindenauer Mühle on October 19, 1813.

As a rural community

The old Lindenau village church around 1850
Population development
year Residents
1834 998
1871 7,484
1890 25,591
2000 21,030
2005 22,712
2010 24,187
2015 30,692
2019 33,731

Lindenau became an independent municipality in 1839 due to the new Saxon rural community order. In 1859 the place got a post office and in 1863 a gas station. The entrepreneur Karl Heine acquired extensive property in and around Lindenau in the second half of the 19th century and had building land developed there. As in neighboring Plagwitz , streets were laid out for future residential and industrial development. Heine also began building the canal, which is named after him today, and he negotiated rail connection agreements with the governments of Prussia and Saxony so that the planned industrial area could get connections to the railways of both countries. Together with the introduction of the freedom of trade in 1860, the foundations for Lindenau's rapid industrial development were laid.

In 1871, an iron foundry was established as the first large company. A year later the horse-drawn tram line to Plagwitz was opened and electrified from 1896. In 1873 the Plagwitz train station , which was also important for Lindenau, went into operation. Karl Heine had industrial connections and three loading points built from the station for 37 factories, one of which is the former loading point III on the site of today's Henriettenpark . In 1884 the new Protestant Nathanael Church was inaugurated near the Lindenauer Markt. A few years earlier the Lindenau parish had become independent again.

As a district of Leipzig

In 1891 Lindenau was incorporated into Leipzig. There were already 66 companies with over 3,000 employees in the village. In the following two decades there was a lot of construction in Lindenau, numerous new streets with houses and factories were added and the population continued to grow. Between 1893 and 1898, the Lindenauer Ratswiesen at the Kuhturm east of the Kuhburg Water were redesigned into a landscape garden, the Palmengarten. It was named after the large palm house, a steel and glass construction.

The Philippuskirche was built from 1907 to 1910, so that Lindenau now had two Protestant parishes. In 1908 the Catholic Church of Our Lady was inaugurated. In 1912 a brewery had the ballroom built, which is now used as a musical comedy . In 1925 the tram station was built on the Angerbrücke.

Construction of the canal port began in 1938 . This was intended to establish Leipzig's connection to the German waterways via the Elster-Saale Canal, which was also not yet completed . The construction work carried out by the National Socialists as job creation measures, however, was stopped during the course of the war and then no longer started. The National Socialists had the palm house and the old cow tower torn down in 1939 because they wanted to use the site of the palm garden for the Gutenberg Reich Exhibition. Because of the war, that didn't happen either. From the destruction of the New Theater in 1944 to the opening of the Leipzig Opera House in 1960, the opera played in the Lindenauer Haus Dreilinden . On April 18, 1945 61 / corner Lützener Str. (Corner house was on Jahnallee Capa house ) the last shot dead US soldier of the Second World War by Robert Capa documented photographically. The identity of the dead soldier Raymond J. Bowman could only be clarified 67 years after the end of the war by the German military historian Jürgen Möller .

After the Second World War, Lindenau stagnated in its development for decades. Hardly any new buildings were built and the appearance of the district only changed as a result of the progressive decay and the demolition of individual buildings. The population decreased steadily. This trend continued even after 1989. With the municipal subdivision of 1992, the city administration formed the three districts of Lindenau (for the southeastern part), Altlindenau (in the northeast) and Neulindenau (in the west). In the following year, parts of Lindenau were declared a redevelopment area.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Lindenau has been one of the “hip” residential areas of Leipzig alongside Plagwitz and is experiencing a process of gentrification . With a population increase of 6.1 and 5.0 percent respectively in the year (as of 2012/13), Lindenau and Altlindenau were two of the fastest growing districts of the city.

Population and statistics

The districts of Lindenau and Altlindenau have a very young population (average age 34.3 and 35.9 years respectively), the age group of 25 to 40 year olds is strongly overrepresented with 44.2% in the district of Lindenau and 38.5% in Altlindenau , there are also an above-average number of (small) children. The proportion of senior citizens, on the other hand, is very low in both districts at less than 10%. The low car quotient of 230 or 240 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants is also striking. In the Lindenau district in particular, the majority of residents say that they do most of the trips on foot or by bike. There is also a very high proportion of academics in this district: 72% of the residents have a high school diploma, 41% have a university degree or 9% have a technical college degree.

The population structure of Neulindenau is in contrast to the two districts mentioned above: There the senior citizen share is 23.5% above the Leipzig average, the student share is rather low. The residents do most of their trips by car or public transport and only 29% have a high school diploma. The crime rate in Neulindenau is 118 registered crimes per 1000 inhabitants below the Leipzig average, in the districts of Lindenau and Altlindenau it is 149 and 156 respectively above it.

traffic

Jahnallee at the Angerbrücke

Tram lines 7, 8 and 15 run through Lindenauer Markt; At the Angerbrücke tram station, line 3 also touches the Lindenau area and line 14 runs on the southern edge. All trams connect Lindenau with downtown Leipzig. The bus line 74 has its turning point at Lindenauer Markt, which leads via the Südvorstadt to the east of Leipzig.

In the west of the district is the Lindenau S-Bahn station on the S1 line from Stötteritz via the main station to Grünau. The Leipzig-Plagwitz railway station is located in the district despite its name Neulindenau.

Lützner Straße (named after the city of Lützen ) and Merseburger Straße are an important east-west connection. The federal highway 87 (Leipzig – Weißenfels) runs over it .

Healthcare

Mother House of the Deaconess Hospital

The Diakonissenkrankenhaus Leipzig from 1900 on Georg-Schwarz-Strasse on the border with Leutzsch is a standard care hospital . Several doctors have settled at the hospital.

The supported senior citizens' home in the deaconess house, the nursing home for the elderly at the deaconess house and the short-term care station at the deaconess house are connected to the hospital.

Culture

Lindenau has eight theater venues: the Musical Comedy in the Dreilinden House , the Schaubühne Lindenfels , the Lindenfels West Wing , the Theaterhaus am Lindenauer Markt as the venue for the Young World Theater, the Leipzig off-theater LOFFT on the grounds of the Leipzig cotton spinning mill , and the Neue Schauspiel Leipzig in Lützner Straße 29. The cabaret Leipziger Brettl - founded in 1979 as Cabaret Lindenauer Brettl - at that time in the Haus der Volkskunst (now Theater der Junge Welt) has been playing with a small Brettl stage in Odermannstraße, near Lindenauer Markt (entrance Gambrinus ). Between 2008 and 2018 there was also the revue theater "Am Palmengarten" with a hall for up to 150 people; It was created by converting the listed building of a gas filling station from 1944.

With the Leipzig cotton spinning mill and the wallpaper factory, there are two commercial art centers in Lindenau. A Offspace is located in the art power plant . Some smaller cultural areas have established themselves in so-called guard houses , for example the art associations D21 Kunstraum Leipzig and the Kuhturm eV

  • Musical comedy

  • Schaubühne Lindenfels

  • Theater house on Lindenauer Markt

  • Revue theater
    "Am Palmengarten"
    (closed since 2018)

  • Wallpaper factory

  • Kunstkraftwerk

schools

Sports

The largest sports facility in Lindenau is the training center of the soccer club RB Leipzig on Cottaweg. Other sports fields are the Charlottenhof sports complex of SV Lindenau 1848 and the Karl Enders sports park of the Spielvereinigung 1899 Leipzig . The Lindenau school gyms and the gym in GutsMuthsstrasse and Friesenstrasse are also used by various Lindenau sports clubs.

In Lindenau there was a cycling track from 1892 , on which the 1908 , 1913 and 1934 UCI track world championships were held. In 1938 this track was removed.

Buildings

Altlindenau with the tower of the Nathanael Church

Churches

There are three large churches in Lindenau.

Evangelical Nathanael Church

Until 1878 the old Lindenau village church was on Roßmarktstraße, where the rectory is today. It was demolished because it became too small in view of the growing population; it was also in a dilapidated condition. The neo-Gothic new building with 1,100 seats was built from 1881 to 1884. There was no money for renovation work in the 1970s and 1980s, and the dilapidated church was only used as a storage room for 17 years. The revival began in 1993. Today there will be services again in summer.

The renovation of the church is progressing slowly due to a lack of funds. So the chancel windows, the tower and the portal windows were renovated and finally the belfry with two new bells.

Evangelical Philip Church

Evangelical Philip Church

The Philippuskirche in Leipzig-Lindenau was built between 1907 and 1910 according to plans by the Leipzig architect Alfred Müller in Art Nouveau style and consecrated on October 16, 1910. The church is one of only two churches in Central Germany that were created according to the principles of the Wiesbaden program - the sacred building is understood as the “meeting house of the celebrating community”. This means that the congregation does not gather in front of the altar and under the pulpit, but around the center of the divine service. Organ, pulpit and altar are arranged one behind the other in steps. The stalls in the nave and in the galleries are grouped in semicircular rising rows around this liturgical center.

The Philip Church has about 730 seats. The church tower is 62 meters high and has four steel bells and a fully functional mechanical clockwork that has been preserved in the original. The interior of the church is richly decorated with ornaments that are particularly evident in details such as lamps and fittings. It also has a romantic, pneumatically operated Jehmlich organ from 1910 that has been preserved in its original state .

The parish of the Philippuskirche emerged in 1904 from the division of the parish of Lindenau (Nathanaelkirche). Radical changes came for the Philippus congregation with the structural reform within the church at the end of the 1990s. In 1999 it merged with the Heilandskirche parish to form the parish of Lindenau-Plagwitz. The entire church work has been tied to the Heilandskirche in Plagwitz since 2002 . The Anglican congregation “Leipzig English Church” is currently visiting the renovated parish hall of the Philippuskirche. The Leipziger Berufsbildungswerk (BBW) opened an integration hotel in the former Philippuskirche rectory in 2018.

Catholic Church of Our Lady

Catholic Church of Our Lady

The building, which is located near the Leipzig-Plagwitz S-Bahn station, was built in the neo-Romanesque style between 1907 and 1908 based on a design by Leipzig architect Anton Käppler . A branch of the oratorio has been located here since 1931. The congregation led by the oratorians played a pioneering role in the liturgical movement . A pastor in this parish was Josef Gülden . In this context, the interior of the church was redesigned in a purifying manner by the architect Rudolf Schwarz from 1934 to 1935 and equipped with ornamental colored glazing by Anton Wendling . In 1953, 1964 and 1976 the interior was further modified.

Other structures

  • the former Leipzig cotton spinning company
    . Several important galleries are located on the grounds of the Leipzig cotton spinning mill. Lindenau can thus be regarded as the center of the so-called New Leipzig School .
  • the Westbad , a testament to Bauhaus architecture, built 1928–1930, architect: Stadtbaudirektor Hubert Ritter ; today's use as a medical center and for a sports club
  • the former Max-Klinger-Schule , Karl-Heine-Straße 22 b (1927–1929) (Plagwitz district, Lindenau district), also designed by Hubert Ritter
  • the Diakonissenkrankenhaus Leipzig , a traditional Protestant hospital, on Georg-Schwarz-Strasse .
  • the Apostelhaus , Apostelstrasse 20. It is the last of twelve servants' houses originally built in 1740 - popularly "the twelve apostles " - for manor workers in the village of Lindenau. The single-storey building with a mansard roof is the oldest building still in existence in Lindenau, is empty and is threatened with demolition.
  • the five-storey wooden house built in 2017, which was awarded the Saxon State Prize for Building Culture

  • Site of the old cotton mill

  • former Westbad on Lindenauer Markt

  • Former Max Klinger School on Karl-Heine-Strasse

  • Wooden house on Zschocherschen Strasse

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See in detail: Lindenau , Altlindenau and Neulindenau in the Leipzig Lexicon
  2. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas , Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 , p. 84 f.
  3. ↑ The Amtshauptmannschaft Leipzig in the municipal register 1900
  4. ↑ Digital historical local directory of Saxony , local part profiles Lindenau , Altlindenau and Neulindenau
  5. ↑ Ralf Julke: Nathanaelkirche Lindenau 120 years old. In: Leipziger Internet newspaper LIZ . July 1, 2004, archived from the original on August 4, 2012 ; Retrieved July 2, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Hans-Joachim Hädicke: From the pasture to the landscape garden. The history of the palm garden begins with the International Jubilee Horticultural Exhibition in 1893 . In: Leipziger Blätter . Issue 37, 2000, pp. 40-45.
  7. ↑ Christina Schmitt, Wolfgang Amann: Gentrification in Leipzig? Data and analysis. In: EinundLeipzig , December 15, 2014.
  8. ↑ District catalog 2018. Structural data of the districts and districts. City of Leipzig - Office for Statistics and Elections, pp. 229–240 , accessed on May 9, 2020 .
  9. ^ LVZ-Online: Revuetheater am Palmengarten is closed. In: www.lvz.de. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  10. ^ Chronicle of Lindenau. In: leipziger-info.de. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .
  11. ↑ The other is the institutional church of the Diakonie in Halle (Saale) .
  12. ↑ Modern back then - forgotten today? - 100 years of the Philippuskirche on kirche-leipzig.de
  13. ↑ The Philippus Church and the "Wiesbadener Program" on kirche-leipzig.de
  14. ^ Jens Rometsch: Integrationshotel Philippus starts today . In: Leipziger Volkszeitung . May 6, 2018 ( online [accessed April 3, 2020]).
  15. ^ Heinrich Magirius , Hartmut Mai, Thomas Trajkovits, Winfried Werner (arrangement): City of Leipzig. The sacred buildings. (= The architectural and art monuments of Saxony .) Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-422-00568-4 , Volume 1, pp. 1321ff.
  16. ↑ Leipzig. Retrieved April 3, 2020 . , on tag-des-offenen-denkmals.de
  17. ↑ Wrecking ball instead of renovation: City of Leipzig does not want to keep Lindenauer "Apostelhaus"! In: leipzig-fernsehen.de. July 25, 2012, accessed April 3, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Architecture Prize: City of Leipzig honors wooden house

Web links

Commons : Lindenau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′  N , 12 ° 20 ′  E