Berlin-Lichterfelde

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Lichterfelde
district of Berlin
Berlin Brandenburg Wannsee Nikolassee Schlachtensee Zehlendorf Dahlem Steglitz Lankwitz LichterfeldeLichterfelde on the map of Steglitz-Zehlendorf
About this picture
Coordinates 52 ° 26 '0 "  N , 13 ° 19' 0"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '0 "  N , 13 ° 19' 0"  E
surface 18.22 km²
Residents 85,885 (Dec 31, 2020)
Population density 4714 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1920
Postcodes 12203, 12205, 12207, 12209, 14167
District number 0602
structure
Administrative district Steglitz-Zehlendorf
Locations

Lichterfelde is a district in the Berlin district of Steglitz-Zehlendorf . Lichterfelde borders in the northwest on Dahlem , in the northeast on Steglitz , in the west on Zehlendorf and in the east on Lankwitz and in the south on the state of Brandenburg . The villa colony of Lichterfelde was created in the second half of the 19th century on the field of the old villages and manors of Lichterfelde and Giesensdorf . The subdivision of the locations of Lichterfelde West, Lichterfelde Ost and Lichterfelde Süd refers to the stations on the Anhalter andPotsdam Railway .

history

Settlement

Lichterfelde village church

The village of Lichtervelde , which was probably founded by Flemish settlers, emerged with the German East Settlement in the first half of the 13th century (probably around 1230) . Lichterfelde was laid out as a street tanger village with a village church on the Anger, which is considered to be the founding of the Templars . It probably consisted only of wood, because the processing of the field stone masonry of today's village church points to the first half of the 14th century. It was subsequently redesigned and expanded several times. The last major redesign took place between 1939 and 1941. The church was Romanized.

In 1289 an Arnoldus de Lichterfeld appeared in a document; In 1316 Lichtervelde was named as a village. Around 1375 the von Britzkes were mentioned as the owner of various rights (taxes, jurisdiction); their influence ended in 1692. Since then, the rulership of the estate has changed several times within a short period of time. In the land book of Karl IV. Lichterfelde was mentioned in 1375 with 39  hooves , of which the pastor had three. There was a Schulzen and a (water) mill, but the jug lay desolate . In 1450, 52 hooves were counted in Lichterfelde (presumably there was a re-measurement). The pastor still had three parish hooves and the jug was now full. In 1536, a document mentioned a Britzke family home and a windmill .

Foundation of the villa colony

The entrepreneur Johann Anton Wilhelm von Carstenn acquired the heavily indebted manors Giesensdorf and Lichterfelde in order to found the villa colony of Lichterfelde on these areas , where financially strong citizens , middle and senior civil servants and many officers of the Royal Prussian Principal Cadet Institute settled.

Rural community of Groß-Lichterfelde

Coat of arms of the rural community Groß-Lichterfelde
Lilienthal memorial

In the years 1877/1878 the estate districts of Lichterfelde and Giesensdorf and the districts of Lichterfelde and Giesensdorf merged to form the district of Groß-Lichterfelde . The village church of Giesensdorf probably dates from around 1250. The church was badly damaged in the Second World War. During the reconstruction, the wooden bell tower was not rebuilt, but the bells were placed in a roof turret.

From 1878 to 1920, Lichterfelde was the seat of the Prussian main cadet institute . The world's first electric tram , which Werner Siemens referred to as the “electric train ”, went there from 1881 . In Lichterfelde Süd lies the Fliegeberg , from which the aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal started his first attempts at flight with self-made gliding devices in 1894. A Lilienthal memorial has been located there since 1932.

The neo-Gothic Nazareth Church in honor of the Holy Family was built in 1901. The Lichterfelder Dorfaue was the location of a well-known statue of Kaiser Wilhelm I , unveiled in 1898 , made by Ernst Wenck , which - due to the Second World War - is now in the Citadel Spandau is erected.

In 1912, Groß-Lichterfelde was renamed Berlin-Lichterfelde and has been part of Groß-Berlin since 1920 and was part of the then Steglitz district , which was part of the American sector during the division of Berlin .

From 1930

In his research laboratory for electron physics in Lichterfelde Ost, Jungfernstieg  19, today's Villa Folke Bernadotte , the physicist Manfred von Ardenne succeeded in 1930 in the world's first electronic image decomposition and reproduction with line-by-line scanning via a photocell and reproduction on a cathode ray tube . The "world premiere of electronic television" was shown at the 8th Great German Radio Exhibition in 1931.

View from the 4th of July on the east side of the former Telefunken factory

The largest construction project of the 1930s, initially in Zehlendorf area west of the park cemetery between Osteweg and Goerzallee , was the Telefunkenwerk Zehlendorf , built from 1937 onwards . From 1938 to 1945 it was the main factory and headquarters of the (from 1941 sole) AEG subsidiary Telefunken Gesellschaft für wireless telegraphy . The building complex built according to plans by the architect Hans Hertlein until 1940 with 90,000 m² of floor space at the end (postal address at the time: Zehlendorf; Vierter Ring / Osteweg) at today's Platz des July 4th was supposed to bring together 37 Berlin Telefunken locations. The buildings confiscated by the American occupation forces after the end of the war were US barracks ( McNair Barracks ) until 1994 . The building ensemble is a listed building and has been converted into loft apartments .

The Berlin regional reform with effect from April 1, 1938 resulted in numerous straightening of the district boundaries as well as some major changes to the area. The eastern edge of the Zehlendorf district became a Lichterfeld area from the Dahlemer Weg.

Memorial plaque for the Lichterfelde subcamp

From January 1941 to 1945 there was a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Lichterfelde . The camp, designed for 1,500 prisoners, was located on Wismarer Strasse near the Teltow Canal , not far from the houses of SS officers of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler , whose barracks were the former cadet institute. At least 41 people died in Lichterfelde. A pillar of remembrance draws attention to this camp.

The Stalag III D prisoner-of-war camp was also located in Lichterfelde-Süd between 1940 and 1945 ; Before that, on the site south of Landweg and Reaumurstrasse, from 1938 there was a Deutsche Reichsbahn warehouse for Sudeten German workers. The area was used by the US Army as the Parks Range training area between 1953 and 1994 .

In the noble, with its high population long German national embossed Lichterfelde West met during the period of National Socialism the "Graf Club" of the resistance group Kreisau Circle to Peter Yorck von Wartenburg in his apartment in the Hortensienstraße  50th

Structure and development

Residential development

Overview map of Lichterfelde
West Bazar on Baseler Strasse

The villa colony of Lichterfelde was founded in 1865 by the entrepreneur Johann Anton Wilhelm von Carstenn . He also had the Lichterfelde Ost (1868) and Lichterfelde West (1872) train stations built at his own expense . It is known as one of the oldest residential areas in Berlin. Stately villas in the style of historicism , large gardens, small avenues and cobbled streets characterize the district.

The villas in Lichterfelde are characterized by a wide variety of sometimes imaginative architectural styles , right through to Art Nouveau buildings that were built around 1900. After 1900, Dahlem developed as another residential area and joined Lichterfelde-West to the district of Grunewald .

Carstenn also financed the Prussian state's relocation of the Prussian Hauptkadettenanstalt to spacious buildings on what was then Zehlendorfer Strasse (Finckensteinallee since 1933). During the Nazi era , the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was housed there. After 1945 the US Army used the barracks under the name Andrews Barracks . A branch of the Federal Archives has been located there since the 1990s . From 1880 to 1920 the Guard Rifle Battalion was also located in Lichterfelde West in the new Guard Rifle Barracks , which now houses parts of the Federal Intelligence Service . After the move of the federal government to Berlin, Lichterfelde West recorded the highest rate of increase in real estate and rental prices in the former West Berlin . The historical structure that has been preserved is now largely a listed building . Since the fall of the Berlin Wall , the villa colony has again benefited from the direct S-Bahn connection to Berlin-Mitte and the government district ( line S1 ).

Lichterfelde manor on Hindenburgdamm

Lichterfelde Ost, which borders the Steglitz-Zehlendorfer district of Lankwitz in the east , is the older part of the villa colony, but suffered more severe damage in the Second World War. In particular, originally representative gardens around the Bäkefluss and the Teltowkanal fell victim to industrial areas. Nevertheless, there is also a considerable number of preserved Wilhelminian style villas in Lichterfelde Ost. The old avenues are largely intact. The other areas of Lichterfelde are characterized by single-family houses and rental buildings.

  • Examples of villas in Lichterfelde West

  • Villa Holzhüter on Curtiusstrasse

  • Villa on Potsdamer Strasse

  • Villa in Kadettenweg

  • Villa in Kadettenweg

  • A so-called Lilienthal castle in the neo-Gothic style (New Tudor style ) of English country houses

  • Holbeinstrasse

Julius Posener , the architect and long-time chairman of the Deutscher Werkbund , who grew up in Lichterfelde-West, described the villa colonies as follows:

“Today, Lichterfelde is still full of odd houses of all kinds: castles, miniature palazzi, Swiss cottages, brick castles, in whose high, somewhat gloomy rooms old colonels, state secretaries, private scholars drove their lives, fostered memories: collections, memoirs [...] The Houses even have a smell that the connoisseur remembers as 'light fields'. "

- Julius Posener

In addition to the villa colony, the best-known attraction in Lichterfelde is the Berlin Botanical Garden with the Botanical Museum. With an area of ​​over 43 hectares and around 22,000 different plant species, the Botanical Garden is  one of the largest and most important botanical gardens in the world and the largest in Europe. The park cemetery at Lichterfelde on Thuner Platz, which was created after a garden architecture competition from 1908 to 1911 based on a design by Friedrich Bauer and developed into a celebrity cemetery as early as the 1920s, is also worth a visit . The former manor house of the villa colony founder of Carstenn with a small green area is located on Hindenburgdamm (the Carstenn-Schlösschen ) and has been used for social purposes for the last few decades. The original interior has been destroyed, parts of the gardens have been preserved and can be visited (Schlosspark Lichterfelde).

There are numerous Berlin student associations with their own houses in Lichterfelde .

The thermometer settlement built between 1968 and 1974 is located in Lichterfelde Süd . This is a large housing estate with high-rise buildings in the characteristic linear architecture of post-war modernism . As a result, the settlement is characterized by an imposing skyline from afar . The residential area between Osdorfer Straße and the Berlin – Halle railway line differs significantly in its population structure from the other areas of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district and is considered a social hotspot .

Waters in the district

Only a few of the original watercourses and bodies of water have remained due to the development.

Infrastructure

traffic

Information board for the world's first electric train
Tram monument
Berlin-Lichterfelde West train station

From May 16, 1881, the world's first electric tram ran from the Hauptkadettenanstalt in Lichterfelde West to the Anhalter Bahn station in Groß Lichterfelde Ost . The 'Electric Railway' constructed by Werner Siemens and Johann Georg Halske initially ran in trial operation on the route used to build the main cadet institute, and later went into regular operation. The entrepreneur Carstenn supported the undertaking, but he promised himself publicity for the villa colonies and better marketing of the land through the revolutionary development. Carstenn had previously financed the Lichterfelde Ost and 1882 Lichterfelde West stations , as explained above.

Local public transport has been handled by suburban trains and buses since the late 1990s . Lichterfelde is cut through by the Wannseebahn and the Anhalter Bahn and is therefore well connected to Berlin's city center . There are five S-Bahn stations: Lichterfelde West (line S1), Botanischer Garten (S1), Lichterfelde Ost (S25, S26 and regional traffic ), Osdorfer Straße (S25 and S26) and Lichterfelde Süd (S25 and S26).

The planned rapid cycle connection Teltow Canal Route is to lead through Berlin-Lichterfelde, among other things.

Thermal power station

Large parts of southern Berlin, including Lichterfelde, are supplied with district heating from the local thermal power station .

Public facilities

Schools (selection)

graveyards

Denominational institutions

Orders and congregations

Lichterfelde is the administrative seat of the Protestant Order of St. John ( Balley Brandenburg of the Knightly Order of St. John from the Hospital in Jerusalem) and the meeting place for the order's coming . The Order of Malta also maintains extensive properties in Lichterfelde. In the promenade street is the Berlin Mennonite -Gemeinde addition to the Mennonite Peace Center .

Churches

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the district

Celebrities at the Parkfriedhof Lichterfelde

The following personalities were buried in the Lichterfelde park cemetery , along with many others:

See also

literature

  • Christian Simon: Lichterfelde / Giesensdorf - a historical overview . Edited by Gabriele Schuster, Heimatverein Steglitz, Berlin 2014.

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Lichterfelde  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Berlin-Lichterfelde  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The "nominal" Greater Berlin 1909 - 1912. Accessed on May 6, 2021 .
  2. ↑ Finally television! From: DRadio Wissen , December 14, 2014, accessed on December 14, 2014.
  3. ↑ District commemorates concentration camp subcamps with a stele
  4. ^ Initiative for a historical place of learning in Lichterfelde Süd
  5. ↑ Parkfriedhof Lichterfelde - Worth knowing. At: Berlin.de , accessed on January 6, 2013.
  6. ↑ Balley Brandenburg - middle of the order. Retrieved November 11, 2009 .