List of desert areas in the district of Kitzingen

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The list of desolations in the district of Kitzingen lists all the submerged villages and farms in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen in Bavaria . Today the district extends both over parts of the so-called Franconian Gäuland with the fertile Maindreieck and the Steigerwald foreland as well as over areas of the less profitable Steigerwald . A total of over 60 desertions can be identified.

Historical background

Most of today's places in the district of Kitzingen emerged in the 6th century with the advance of Franconian settlers into the region populated by Celtic tribes. The Gäuf areas and especially the Main Triangle were already densely populated in the early Middle Ages , here the settlement advance followed the tributaries of the Main ( Breitbach , Schwarzach , Volkach etc.). In its foreland and in the Steigerwald itself, however, there was still a largely untouched forest landscape .

With the rise of powerful sovereigns in the High Middle Ages , the expansion of the settlement spread to the previously abandoned areas. The Würzburg and Bamberg monasteries, the Ebrach and Münsterschwarzach monasteries and the ascended lower nobility, in particular the Counts of Castell and the Schwarzenbergs , encouraged settlement construction even on poor soil. By the first half of the 14th century the number of settlements had reached its peak, although some early medieval settlements, such as Kirchheim and Schmalfeld, were already desolate.

In the second half of the 14th century, some clearing plans were implemented, but overall a large decline was observed. Between 1300 and 1525 the Steigerwald even entered the late medieval period of desertification , during which time the number of settlements was reduced by around 30%. This decline also affected the Gäuland, where settlements were lost, especially in the Steigerwald foreland.

Usually several factors were responsible for the abandonment of a settlement, but rarely repeated weather anomalies and the resulting soil degradation , feuds and other warlike destruction or the agricultural crisis alone led to abandonment. After 1525, the territorial lords tried to master the "negative settlement period" through redevelopment. Nevertheless, fewer villages were founded in the Steigerwald, but the local deaths could be stopped.

During the Thirty Years' War , for example, the Gerolzhofen office , which is now part of the district, had to cope with a 30 to 50% population decline. In spite of this, the villages were mostly only temporarily desolate because the landlords encouraged resettlement in the second half of the 17th century. From 1700 onwards, places that had long since been abandoned were rarely re-established, so Rehweiler's population was resettled. From 1800 the settlement stock of the later district was mostly completely preserved. Only individual farms disappeared in the 19th century.

List of desolations

The structure of the list is largely based on the work of Mario Dorsch, Disappeared Medieval Settlements . The devastation that is missing here is supplemented by the works of Klarmann, Machann, Ortmann, Riedenauer and Rückert. There is no comprehensive work in the literature that exclusively deals with the desert areas in the Kitzingen district, but all parts of the district are covered by at least one of the papers.

The list is arranged alphabetically according to the names of the desert areas most frequently used in the sources. The desolation can be clearly identified via the columns Today's district (s) and geographic coordinates . Temporary desertions that are now settled again are also listed. The presumed desolation time is roughly determined by the last mention in the sources or the mention as desolation. Notes go into the first mention and possible remains of the settlement.

Name (s) Today's district (s) Geocoordinate
(if specified) 		Assumed desertification time Causes of desertification Remarks
Bern book Castell 49 ° 44 '26.8 "  N , 10 ° 19' 55.9"  E before 1399 unclear , poor soil quality First mentioned on December 13, 1323, parcel Bernbuch
Birklingen Birklingen 49 ° 42 '37.9 "  N , 10 ° 20' 45.3"  E around 1700 temporary desolation (until after 1779) First mentioned in 1158, today the district of Iphofen
Blind cock, blind home, Blinthof Iphofen not clear around 1584 not clear No documentary mention, location centering Iphofen
Bulach Mönchsondheim 49 ° 39 '17.2 "  N , 10 ° 17' 51.9"  E before 1283 not clear First mentioned between 1245 and 1272, parcel Im Bullach
Castle Holzberndorf 49 ° 46 '31.9 "  N , 10 ° 30' 54.7"  E before 1200 End of use no documentary mention, fortified mansion, parcel of Burggrabenacker
Burggrub , Altengrub Burggrub 49 ° 46 ′ 55.5 "  N , 10 ° 31 ′ 22.4"  E around 1550 temporary desolation (until after 1600) First mentioned in 1298, today the Geiselwind district
Crautzach , Creutzbuchen Gräfenneuses not clear before 1457 Weather anomalies, agricultural crisis First mentioned in 1457
Düllstadt Düllstadt 49 ° 48 '8.3 "  N , 10 ° 15' 9.5"  E around 1632 temporary desolation (until after 1648) First mentioned in 918, today the district of Schwarzach am Main
Dürnitz , Dürrnitz, Durtzen Castell 49 ° 44 '50.4 "  N , 10 ° 23' 45.5"  E before 1399 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1313, parcel Dörnertsberg
Dürrbach Großlangheim , Wiesenbronn 49 ° 44 '12.9 "  N , 10 ° 17' 43.4"  E around 1400 unclear , plague First mentioned in 1170, Dürrbach waters
Eckelsheim Einersheim market , Possenheim 49 ° 40 ′ 51.1 "  N , 10 ° 18 ′ 21"  E before 1414 not clear First mentioned in 1414
Effeltrich , Effeltrach Feeding lake 49 ° 46 '0.8 "  N , 10 ° 29" 41.2 "  E before 1340 not clear First mentioned in 1340, parcel Effelter Berg
Elgersheim Drive 49 ° 52 '17.8 "  N , 10 ° 10' 34.7"  E before 1178 Grangienwirtschaft, temporary desertification First mentioned in 1178, today the Volkach district
Erhardsmühle , Erichsdorf, Eherichsdorf and others Bimbach 49 ° 51 '42.4 "  N , 10 ° 22' 3.4"  E before 1395 temporary desolation First mentioned in 1230
Fish house Hostage wind not clear before 1835 End of use No documentary mention, parcel in the fish house, fish house meadow
Fronhof , Fronloch Your field not clear after 1290 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1275, Fronhof parcel
Fuchsstatt , Fuchsstadt Abtswind 49 ° 46 ′ 11.6 "  N , 10 ° 25 ′ 16.3"  E before 1454 Weather anomalies, agricultural crisis First mentioned October 2, 1281, parcel Fuchsstatt
Gieshügel , Gizubel Gaibach 49 ° 52 '58.8 "  N , 10 ° 11" 49.2 "  E before 1432 Floods First mentioned in 1340, parcel Gieshügel
Hague Hague 49 ° 45 '1.7 "  N , 10 ° 28" 33.4 "  E before 1678 temporary desertification (until after 1700) First mentioned in 1269, today the district of Geiselwind
Hammer mill , hammer mill Feeding lake 49 ° 46 '9.5 "  N , 10 ° 30' 16.2"  E 1961 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1724, building repopulated, name removed
Hertrichshausen , Hertingeshusen North of the district not clear before 1365 not clear First mentioned on August 5, 1365
Hörblach Hörblach 49 ° 47 '28.4 "  N , 10 ° 13' 5.8"  E 1631 temporary desolation (until after 1640) First mentioned in the 12th century, the village moved to its current location
Dog wrestling Feeding lake 49 ° 46 ′ 13.5 "  N , 10 ° 30 ′ 1.5"  E after 2000 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1750, building torn down, preserved as a district
Ilmbach Ilmbach 49 ° 48 '14.5 "  N , 10 ° 24' 32.9"  E 1803 temporary desertification (until after 1870) First mentioned in 1281, monastery building demolished, preserved as a district
Ilmenau Ilmenau 49 ° 47 '41.3 "  N , 10 ° 30' 44.6"  E before 1557 temporary desolation (until 1557) First mentioned in 1298, today the Geiselwind district
Kaltherberg Hostage wind 49 ° 46 '0.4 "  N , 10 ° 27' 49.3"  E before 1835 End of use No documentary mention, parcel Die kalte Herberg, Kaltenerbergacker etc.
Basement house Dornheim 49 ° 39 '37.3 "  N , 10 ° 19' 20.6"  E after 1945 End of use
Kirchheim , Kirchhain Einersheim market , Possenheim 49 ° 40 '51.1 "  N , 10 ° 18" 17.3 "  E after 1231 not clear First mentioned in 741, parcel Kirchberg
Kleindornheim Dornheim not clear after 1320 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1023
Kleinschönbach Prichsenstadt 49 ° 49 '50.9 "  N , 10 ° 22' 3.7"  E 1466 Warlike destruction First mentioned in 1289, Schönbach waters
Lindhof , Linkhof Dimbach 49 ° 49 '13.7 "  N , 10 ° 15' 7.7"  E after 1589 not clear First mentioned in 1589
Lohmühle (Hague) Hague 49 ° 44 ′ 57.8 "  N , 10 ° 28 ′ 47.2"  E after 1661 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1625, parcel Lochgrund
Lohmühle (Wasserberndorf) Wasserberndorf 49 ° 46 '6.2 "  N , 10 ° 30' 48.1"  E 1952 temporary desolation (until after 1952) First mentioned in 1724
Lugshofen Your field 49 ° 49 ′ 37.7 "  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 44.8"  E 1573 Grangienwirtschaft First mentioned in 1275
Settlement on Mohli , settlement on Mannlehen Münsterschwarzach 49 ° 48 '14.2 "  N , 10 ° 13' 39.7"  E around 1230 Settlement concentration Manlehen parcel
Monk's hut Possenheim 49 ° 40 ′ 53.6 "  N , 10 ° 20 ′ 46.2"  E before 1506 not clear First mentioned in 1506, Mönchshütte Forest Department
Münsterschwarzach Münsterschwarzach 49 ° 48 '18.5 "  N , 10 ° 13' 55.9"  E 1803 temporary desolation (until 1913) First mentioned in 788, dissolution of the monastery
Neusambach, Neuen Sömbach Cent Stadtschwarzach not clear 1589 Settlement concentration Part of the Ebrach monastery
Obersambach Untersambach 49 ° 47 ′ 16 "  N , 10 ° 24 ′ 11.1"  E 1525 Warlike destruction, temporary desolation (until 1589/1816) First mentioned in 1356, Wiesentheid district
Upper angle Ebersbrunn 49 ° 48 '17.3 "  N , 10 ° 28' 51.9"  E after 1433 Weather anomalies, agricultural crisis First mentioned April 23, 1420
Ostheim am Rennfurt , Ostheim am Main Dettelbach 49 ° 47 '42.1 "  N , 10 ° 11' 8.9"  E after 1450 Floods First mentioned in 1303, today the Dettelbach barrage
Osthofen Iphofen not clear after 1407 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1407
Öttershausen Gaibach 49 ° 54 '16 "  N , 10 ° 12' 59.6"  E 2011 Grangienwirtschaft, temporary desertification First mentioned in 1069, today the Volkach district
Pfaffenburg Willanzheim 49 ° 40 ′ 48.6 "  N , 10 ° 12 ′ 22.2"  E after 1140 not clear First mentioned in 1140, probably formerly Celtic Viereckschanze
Poppenhof , Waldhof, Schwanbergerhof and others Iphofen 49 ° 42 '36.2 "  N , 10 ° 20' 0.6"  E 1847 Arson First mentioned in 1697
Rohrensee Rohrensee 49 ° 47 ′ 10.8 "  N , 10 ° 27 ′ 2"  E after 1529 Settlement concentration, temporary desertification (until around 1790) First mentioned in 1040, today the Geiselwind district
Ronobach , Rimbach, Rönbach Sommerach 49 ° 49 '59.2 "  N , 10 ° 13' 14"  E around 1629 Warlike destruction First mentioned in 906
Rügerrieth Mainbernheim 49 ° 41 ′ 21 "  N , 10 ° 11 ′ 37.3"  E before 1496 Settlement concentration First mentioned before 1325
Sackshof , Hofstett Einersheim market 49 ° 41 ′ 49.9 "  N , 10 ° 19 ′ 55.8"  E after 1519 not clear First mentioned in 1341
Sahermor , Sahelmar, Sahermannsgut and others Gaibach 49 ° 54 '43.2 "  N , 10 ° 12' 57.6"  E 1462 Diseases First mentioned in 1114
Sheep farm Iphofen 49 ° 41 ′ 58.3 "  N , 10 ° 16 ′ 3"  E before 1857 End of use No documentary mention, parcel sheep farm, Im Schafhof, street name Am Schafhofgraben
Schwanberg Rödelsee 49 ° 43 '34.1 "  N , 10 ° 16'19.3"  E after 1510 Warlike destruction Courtyards that were assigned to Schwanberg Castle
Schmalfeld , Reupelshof Kitzingen 49 ° 44 '59.8 "  N , 10 ° 12' 13.9"  E 1515 Grangienwirtschaft First mentioned in 1276
Wrought Dornheim not clear before 1835 End of use No documentary mention, parcel near the old Schmitte
Smear furnace Hague not clear before 1800 End of use No documentary mention, parcel of the lubricating furnace on Appenfelder Weg
Schnackenbach , Fallhaus, Fallmeisterei Hellmitzheim 49 ° 41 ′ 5.3 "  N , 10 ° 21 ′ 24.1"  E before 1809 End of use
Schrem , Alter Hof Holzberndorf 49 ° 46 '41.7 "  N , 10 ° 32' 13.6"  E after 1592 not clear First mentioned around 1592
Schwarzmühle , Riedmühle, Göllnersmühle and others Einersheim market 49 ° 40 '51.1 "  N , 10 ° 17' 2.8"  E before 1414 unclear , temporary desertification (until 1606) First mentioned in 1414, today the Markt Einersheim district
Seeheim , Senheim, Seheim Bibergau 49 ° 48 '4 "  N , 10 ° 5' 44.7"  E before 1318 not clear First mentioned in 1174
Seehof , Sehof Your field 49 ° 49 ′ 30.8 "  N , 10 ° 5 ′ 28"  E after 1470 not clear First mentioned in 1388, parcels Seeweg, Seerain, Seewiesen
Seeram , Seerach, Serheim Wasserberndorf 49 ° 45 '13.7 "  N , 10 ° 32' 8.9"  O around 1629 Warlike destruction First mentioned in 1357, Seeramsberg parcel, remains of Seeramsmühle
Siechhaus (Geiselwind) Hostage wind not clear after 1506 End of use No documentary mention, parcel of Siechhausacker, Siechacker
Siechhaus (Iphofen) , Kobel Iphofen 49 ° 41 ′ 50.6 ″  N , 10 ° 16 ′ 19 ″  E after 1631 End of use First mentioned in 1460
Bacon Field Einersheim market 49 ° 41 ′ 55.2 "  N , 10 ° 19 ′ 20.8"  E 1525 Warlike destruction First mentioned in 1226, settlement at Speckfeld Castle
Stettenberg Obervolkach 49 ° 52 '48.2 "  N , 10 ° 15' 2.3"  E after 1225 not clear no documentary mention, remnant Stettenmühle
St. Jobst Market wide not clear before 1324 not clear no documentary mention
Sulzbach Dornheim 49 ° 38 '43.2 "  N , 10 ° 20' 54.7"  E 1423 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1349
Sulzhof , Sulzhart New set 49 ° 50 '20.2 "  N , 10 ° 7' 58.3"  E after 1987 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1189, district demolished, name preserved
Ulberg , Mount of Olives Volkach 49 ° 50 ′ 34.4 "  N , 10 ° 14 ′ 44"  E before 1624 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1289
Lower suburb Volkach 49 ° 52 '5.4 "  N , 10 ° 13" 23.3 "  E before 1698 Warlike destruction
Lower Weingartsmühle , Hussnersmühle, Wagnersmühle Hostage wind 49 ° 46 '13 "  N , 10 ° 29" 19.9 "  E after 1750 not clear First mentioned in 1506
Hamlet (Rehweiler) Rehweiler 49 ° 45 '49.7 "  N , 10 ° 25' 59.2"  O before 1427 Settlement concentration, temporary desertification (until after 1697) First mentioned in 1258
Hamlet (Sixtenberg) Sixtenberg 49 ° 45 '12.7 "  N , 10 ° 31' 53.2"  E after 1486 not clear First mentioned in 1484, parcel hamlet
Weingarten , Weingartshof Hostage wind 49 ° 46 '26.8 "  N , 10 ° 29' 22.7"  E before 1498 Settlement concentration First mentioned in 1123, remains of Weingartsmühle
Desert feeding lake Feeding lake not clear before 1317 not clear First mentioned in 1317
Wüstenherberg , Kaltenherberg Wasserberndorf not clear after 1504 End of use First mentioned in 1504
Ziegelhütte (Escherndorf) Escherndorf not clear after 1888 End of use Brick meadows parcel
Brick Hut (Geiselwind) Hostage wind 49 ° 46 '16.2 "  N , 10 ° 28' 14.1"  E after 1950 End of use First mentioned in 1752, parcel Ziegelacker, Ziegelwiesen

literature

  • Mario Dorsch: Disappeared Medieval Settlements. Desertification between Steigerwald, Main and the Volkach . Hassfurt 2013.
  • Johann Ludwig Klarmann: The Steigerwald in the past. A contribution to Franconian cultural studies . Gerolzhofen 2 1909.
  • Roderich Machann: Desolations in the Steigerwald (= Mainfränkische Studien Vol. 5). Diss . Wuerzburg 1972.
  • Wolf Dieter Ortmann: District of Scheinfeld (= historical place name book of Bavaria. Middle Franconia, vol. 3) . Munich 1967. Local name part .
  • Erwin Riedenauer: Desolation between the Main and Steigerwald . In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research. Vol. 47 . Würzburg 1987. pp. 1-34.
  • Peter Rückert: Land expansion and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages in the Franconian Gäuland. Diss . Wuerzburg 1990.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rückert, Peter: Land expansion and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages . P. 44 f.
  2. ↑ Machann, Roderich: deserted villages in the Steigerwald . P. 30.
  3. ^ Rückert, Peter: Land expansion and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages . P. 131.
  4. ↑ Machann, Roderich: deserted villages in the Steigerwald . P. 80.
  5. ↑ See: Dorsch, Mario: Disappeared Medieval Settlements . P. 21.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Roderich, Machann: Wüstungen im Steigerwald .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Riedenauer, Erich: Wüstungen between Main and Steigerwald .
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Rückert, Peter: Land development and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Ortmann, Wolf Dieter: District of Scheinfeld .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Klarmann, Johann Ludwig: The Steigerwald in the past . Pp. 104-112.
  11. ↑ a b c d e Dorsch, Mario: Disappeared medieval settlements .