Mediterranean low Medea

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Medea (Xandra)
weather condition Mediterranean deep
storm Heavy rain and freezing rain / frost
Data
Initial phase November 24th - December 5th
(in the Mediterranean)
Icing November 28th - December 5th
(in Central Europe)
Late phase 5th-11th December
(in Southeast Europe)
Rainfall 24 hours 480 mm ( Lugo-di-Nazza  Fri, 27-28 Nov.. )
consequences
affected areas Alpine region, Italy, East Central Europe, Southeast Europe
Victim 10  (as of Dec. 12)
Before that, a series of Mediterranean lows with foehn storm and heavy rain in November

The Mediterranean low Medea ( called Xandra in German ) is a storm at the end of November / December 2014, which led to heavy rain for more than two weeks in the northern and later eastern Mediterranean region and to catastrophic ice break in eastern central Europe . It claimed several lives.

meteorology

Origin and weather conditions

As early as 19/20. November formed an Azorean low off Ireland (Uschi) in the wake of a strong but rapidly disintegrating low . This gradually expanded into a mighty low pressure complex from Algeria over the Iberian Peninsula to the Bay of Biscay , and slowly migrated into the western Mediterranean .

From the 24th onwards - under the influence of further strong Atlantic lows - a deep core forms in it over the Balearic Islands , in the Latin countries Medea, called Xandra by the DWD . This led to heavy, sometimes stormy driving rain in two waves from November 24th and 27th in southern France and Italy . 507 mm / 5 d (Nov. 27th – Dec. 1st) were recorded on the Néoulous near Laroque-des- Albères , around 400 mm in Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste and Saint-Féliu-d'Amont , that is normal rainfall of around 5 months in the area. Heavy thunderstorms raged over Corsica (this core was called by Météo-France en V ), with 480 mm / 24 h and 568 mm / 5 d in Lugo di Nazza and 328 mm / 24 h in Campile , and 18,000 lightning strikes in 24 h ( 28/29, that is about 1 flash every 5 s),

At the same time, there was a strong northern foehn in the central Alpine region ( Vaduz 18 ° C, Titlis 113 km / h),

The low moved slowly towards the Italian Peninsula , where central and northeastern Italy were hit by floods in the first week of December .

For several days, the low steered moist, warm air masses from the south along the eastern edge of the Alps towards the Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians . At that time there was a mighty high robin over Russia , which had brought the first minus temperatures of the year. This led to freezing rain and freezing fog in a zone from Bohemia via eastern Austria to the Hungarian lowlands from December 2nd . This lasted for several days and caused extremely slippery winter conditions and ice breakage with widespread severe disabilities and damage. There were clear ice thicknesses reported to 8 cm (Forestry Office Pilis , Hungary).

In the Foehn valleys of the Alps, between the heavy rain on the southern side of the Alps and the freezing rain in the northeast, abnormal warmth and drought continued to prevail.For example, it was up to 15 ° C warmer in the Tyrolean Alpine valleys than in the Bohemian Forest 100 kilometers away , Innsbruck only reported on December 10th the first frost day (Innsbruck University, latest frost recorded since measurements began in 1877, mean: October 23).

Around the 6.-8. December shifted the low eastward over the Aegean Sea (classic Vd train to Bebber ). Because an Atlantic front arrived at the same time , pushing the continental cold eastward, the situation of freezing rain ended. This led to heavy rain from Greece to Bulgaria from the beginning of December .

Deep Medea then disintegrated on December 13, more than three weeks after the first formation near the Azores, off the Levant .

(all rough data, NOAA-NWS)

Climatic relationships

The event is part of a series of thunderstorms that lasted through October and all of November . Since the end of the summer, a total of 11 heavy rain events have hit the French-Italian Mediterranean region.

The reason for these weather events is a strong oscillation of the jet stream . The North Atlantic Oscillation  (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation  (AO) show a wide range of fluctuations. In addition, the temperatures were abnormally high, in Sicily up to 30 ° C was recorded at the end of November. This warmth gives the Mediterranean lows a special power. November, as well as the entire partly completely frost-free autumn in the Eastern Alps, were the warmest measured since the beginning of the closed series of measurements in 1767.

Overall, the year on the south side of the Alps is one of the rainiest in history. In some areas of Friuli Venezia Giulia , precipitation has accumulated to over 5000 mm since January, amounts that are typical for monsoons in the Himalayas or the tropics.

consequences

The long-lasting low claimed - apart from weather-related traffic accidents - 10 direct fatalities, four in France, two in Italy and four in Greece, all victims of surprising flash floods.

France

On 24./25. November concentrated the precipitation in Languedoc (up to 200 mm / 24 h) and on the Côte d'Azur and on the following day especially in the Les Maures. There were four deaths from flash floods in the Var on the Côte d'Azur ( La Londe-les- Maures , Hyeres , Cogolin ). A tornado occurred in Serignan . From the 27th onwards, the Gard , the Ardèche and the Hérault were particularly affected in a new episode , and then moved over Aveyron and Tarn , Aude and Pyrénées-Orientales . The next day the focus shifted to Corsica , with very violent thunderstorms.

Italy

In Italy storms moved from Sardinia via Liguria , Umbria , Latium , Emilia-Romagna to Veneto , all areas in which there had been repeated floods since October .

Around November 27, this time around the Liguria region, the coast was less affected than Imperia and the interior of the province of Savona . On the Tyrrhenian coast north of Rome, Civitavecchia in particular was hit by storms and floods, where several people had to be rescued from the roofs of houses and cars. In the Turin area , where, for example, in Varisella ( Torino ) or Barge ( Cuneo ) around 200 mm of precipitation had been recorded over several days, the Po overflowed around December 1st . On the 2nd, stormy rain in Castellammare di Stabia and Pompeii, south of Naples, led to floods and landslides, in central Italy there were extensive traffic obstructions. On the 3rd / 4th Then there were severe weather warnings in 13 of 20 regions of the country. Two people drowned in Rome and were locked in an underpass with their car. Flash floods occurred in Naples and Elba on the 5th. On the evening of December 7th, the first snowfall hit the Riviera on the back of the retreating low , with thunderstorms and hail.

Austria

In Austria , on the night of Friday, November 28th to 29th, freezing rain set in, and extensive traffic obstructions due to slippery roads , dozens of schools were closed on the Czech border and around Ottenschlag . As a result, there is a sustained strong southeast wind with frost from the Hausruck and Mühlviertel via Waldviertel and Burgenland (especially in the Rosalia ) to eastern Styria , as well as Koralm , Gleinalm and Schwanberg . In the Zwettl district and parts of the Krems district , disaster alarms were given because trees were knocked over by the ice load, and numerous roads had to be closed. Due to a line break, several 1000 households, especially the Hardegg community, were without electricity for several days. There were isolated evacuations on the Hohe Wand .

It was not until Friday, December 5th, that the thaw started to relax.

Hungary

In Hungary the freezing rain arrived on 1 December. The Pilis Mountains and the Mátra region ( Nógrád , Heves and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén counties ) in the north were particularly affected , as did Budapest and the surrounding Pest county, where there were extensive disruptions in traffic and damage to the electricity and drinking water infrastructure . A total of around 30,000 households were without electricity, and entire masts collapse when there are several high-voltage lines. Travelers had to wait for hours in broken-down trains.

Hundreds of hectares of forest in the Pilis were damaged and in some cases completely overturned. In an initial inventory, the Ministry of Forestry names 3750 hectares of forest damage.

Czech Republic

Parked trams in Prague, Dec. 2.

In the Czech Republic , the freezing rain occurred on Monday, December 1st. In particular, icy power lines led to traffic chaos until the 3rd. About 50,000 travelers were affected by train cancellations, several hundred had to spend the night on the open route. In cities such as Prague , Přerov , Ústí nad Labem Brno and Olomouc , tram traffic was completely stopped, in Prague for the first time since 1901. Thousands of households were without electricity. There were numerous traffic accidents.

The rail connections could largely be restored by Wednesday, obstacles still occurred until the end of the week.

Greece

In Greece , rainfall became intense from around the first weekend in December. On 2/3 December concentrated the heavy rain in Epirus on the west coast and the day after in Central , East Macedonia and Thrace in the North Aegean. A tornado occurred in Vrysoula near Ioannina .

Especially on 7./8. December, heavy rain then concentrated in northern Macedonia . There was a storm alarm throughout the Aegean region (in all regions of Greece ). The regional districts of Thessaloniki , Chalkidiki and Kilkis inland were particularly affected . On Evros (Bulgarian Mariza) and Erythropotamos there was a constant high level of alert because of the floods in Bulgaria, after a dam breach on Evros there were evacuations. In Serres , on the Galikos near Nea Filadelfia and Kilkis , four people drowned who were swept away by flash floods. In Vavrona near Athens, the ancient temple of Artemis was flooded. Another opfor called for a rain-related pile-up at Lamia .

In total, about 80,000 hectares of land were flooded. In Thrace in particular , the crops of cotton, winter wheat and winter vegetables suffered great damage.

Bulgaria

Floods in all of Bulgaria began on December 5th, especially in Vidin , Burgas , Jambol , Haskovo and Sliven . Several hundred people had to be evacuated.

See also

Web links

Commons : Rainfalls in Southern Europe, November 2014  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Freezing Rain in Central Europe, December 2014  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Retour sur le 10e épisode de fortes pluies dans le Sud-Est, MeteoFrance Actualités, December 1, 2014.
  2. ↑ Forecast for Wed 11/19/2014 12 UTC, met.fu-berlin.de; and November 19, 2014, 12 UTC, ZAMG.
  3. ↑ This low followed directly on the series Pia - Roswitha - Stephanie - Thea , which had been blocked by an Eastern European high over the British Isles and which had caused the severe storms of November. The weather situation had changed to such an extent that an intermediate high pressure influence developed over Central Europe, and the following low Vanja moved classic northwest to Scandinavia.
  4. ↑ A brief, weak low over the English Channel was indicated by DWD Wanja .
  5. ↑ Weather situation from November 25, 2014, 18 UTC , from November 26, 2014, 6 UTC and 18 UTC, ZAMG
  6. ↑ Nordest: arriva il ciclone Medea - Nubi in aumento; maltempo nella giornata di lunedì,  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ilMeteo.it, November 29, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ilmeteo.it  
  7. ^ A b c Nouvel épisode pluvieux en cours dans le Sud-Est, MeteoFrance Actualités, November 26, 2014.
  8. ↑ a b c forecast for Fri 28.11.14 12 UTC, met.fu-berlin.de; Conditions of 28 , 29 , 30 November , the first , second , third , fourth , December 5 each 12 UTC, all ZAMG.
  9. ↑ Classic November gray / New Mediterranean storm situation ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and summer temperatures in the Foehn valleys, ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. MeteoSwiss daily news, 27. resp. November 28, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch
  10. ↑ a b c Flood Warnings in Italy as 2 People Killed in Rome, Richard Davies in floodlist.com, December 4, 2014.
  11. ^ A b Severe weather in Northern Italy - freezing rain in Hungary and the Czech Republic, proplanta.de, December 2, 2014.
  12. ↑ a b c Jéghelyzet: lezárt utak, hatalmas dugó, budai gyémántpark, December 2, 2014.
  13. ↑ The beginning of frost in the history of Tyrol,  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. tirol.orf.at, December 10, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / tirol.orf.at  
  14. ↑ a b Warmest autumn since measurements began, ZAMG Klimanews, November 26, 2014.
  15. ↑ a b c Weather situation from December 6th , 7th , 8th and 9th 2014, 12 UTC each time, ZAMG.
  16. ↑ Weather conditions from December 12th and 13th, 12 UTC each time, both ZAMG.
  17. ↑ Warmest November since the start of measurements, ZAMG Klimanews, November 28, 2014.
  18. ↑ The warmest autumn ever recorded, ZAMG Air News, November 26, 2014.
  19. ↑ Maltempo, è un disastro da nord a sud: l'Italia sta affogando, nel weekend il "colpo di grazia", Peppe Caridi in meteoweb.eu, November 12, 2014.
  20. ↑ One dead and three missing in storms in France, orf.at, November 28, 2014 (there also about the storm over Australia).
  21. ↑ South of France: At least four dead in severe weather, derStandard.at, November 28, 2014.
  22. ↑ a b Four dead in storms in France . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . November 28, 2014, Welt / Chronik ( article archive ). .
  23. ↑ a b In November there were several tornadoes in southern Italy.
  24. ↑ Maltempo: piove al Nord, ciclone verso la Sardegna. Settimana di instabilità, clima mite ma temperature destinate al calo, Repubblica online: Chronica, December 1, 2014.
  25. ↑ Meteo Liguri "avvisati" pioggia fino a venerdì. Albenga, salvata donna bloccata in auto, Repubblica Genova online, November 27, 2014.
  26. ↑ Maltempo, nubifragio sul litorale nord di Roma: a Santa Marinella persone sui tetti e allagamenti and Maltempo, scuole chiuse a Santa Marinella e code sull'Aurelia, both Repubblica Roma online, 27. resp. November 28, 2014.
  27. ↑ Maltempo, un po 'di tregua ma da giovedì ancora pioggia and Maltempo, il Po straripa nel centro di Torino: il sindaco chiude Murazzi e Borgo Medievale , Maltempo, un po' di tregua ma da giovedì ancora pioggia, all Repubblica Torino online, 1. resp. 2nd December 2014.
  28. ↑ Maltempo, allagamenti e smottamenti a Castellammare ea Pompei, Repubblica Napoli online, December 2, 2014.
  29. ↑ Maltempo a Roma, code e rallentamenti su tutto il Raccordo, allagamenti e semafori in tilt, Repubblica Roma online, December 2, 2014.
  30. ↑ Maltempo, si allaga un sottopasso: muoiono in auto marito e moglie, Repubblica Roma online, December 4, 2014.
  31. ↑ Palermo, nubifragio e allagamenti: in tilt per due ore il pronto soccorso del Civico, Repubblica Palermo online, December 5, 2014.
  32. ↑ Maltempo, allagamenti all'Elba: salvata una donna, Repubblica Firenze online, December 5, 2014.
  33. ↑ Maltempo, fulmini e grandine, a fuoco conduttura del gas, Repubblica Genova online, December 9, 2014.
  34. ↑ No relaxation due to freezing rain in Eastern Austria, APA, undated
  35. ↑ a b c Winter weather in Eastern Austria: Freezing rain keeps the fire brigade on their toes - no school in the Waldviertel, ( Memento from March 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Wirtschaftsblatt online, December 2, 2014.
  36. ↑ a b c d A layer of ice covers the Waldviertel . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . December 3, 2014, Austria, p.  10 .
  37. ↑ a b c d e Ice and hoar frost: Disaster alarm in the Waldviertel: In eastern Austria, trees that can no longer withstand the ice load cause power outages and road blocks. Almost 20 schools remain closed, the press online, December 3, 2014.
  38. ↑ Freezing rain chaos: The situation is slowly easing, in Kronen Zeitung online, December 4, 2014.
  39. ↑ a b Nö: Freezing rain and hoar frost : disaster alarm in two districts, fireworld.at, December 3, 2014 (on fire brigade operations).
  40. ↑ a b Ice chaos is heading south . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . December 5, 2014, Austria, p.  11 .
  41. ↑ Freezing rain and hoar frost : End in sight, ZAMG Weather News, December 3, 2014.
  42. ↑ Significant relaxation in the Waldviertel, Niederösterreichische Nachrichten online, noen.at, December 5, 2014 (on fire brigade operations).
  43. ↑ a b c Jég borítja a Pilist, kritikus a helyzet a Mátrában and Estére megszabadulunk az ónos esőtől, index.hu, December 1, 2014.
  44. ↑ a b Pest megye még mindig az ónos eső fogságában, index.hu, December 3, 2014.
  45. ↑ Budapesten több utat teljesen lezártak, index.hu, December 2, 2014.
  46. ↑ Hónapokig tart, amíg megjavítják a leszakadt vezetékeket, index.hu, December 2, 2014.
  47. ↑ 3750 hectares pusztított az ónos eső a Vértesben, atv.hu, December 9, 2014.
  48. ↑ → Ledovková kalamita v Česku 2014 - Czech Wikipedia
  49. ↑ Počasí způsobuje problémy v dopravě, Václav Ferebauer, Čeněk Třeček on iDnes.cz - chronologically updated report with contributions from iDNES.cz MF DNES, ČTK.
  50. ↑ Ledovka bude iv úterý, varovali meteorologové, Novinky.cz, December 1, 2014.
  51. ↑ Děláme maximum, tvrdí bezmocně dopravci i správce železnic, iDnes.cz, December 2, 2014.
  52. ↑ Česko pokryla ledovka, doprava kolabuje, Novinky.cz, December 1, 2014
  53. ↑ discontinued due to weather conditions: as well as 1920 and 1945 for other reasons; Všechny pražské tramvaje už jezdí. Natretě se vrací elefanty, dac, ČTK, quoted in iDnes.cz, December 3, 2014.
  54. ↑ On November 25th, a brief low formed over the Aegean Sea, which led to floods in Greece. It was related to the low in the British Isles of Vanja ;
    Forecast for Tue November 25, 2014 12 UTC, met.fu-berlin.de, and November 25, 2014, 12 UTC, ZAMG.
  55. ↑ a b Πλημμύρες στα Ιωάννινα από τη δυνατή νεροποντή, newsbeast.gr, December 2, 2014.
  56. ↑ a b Συναγερμός για πλημμύρες στον Έβρο - Αγνοείται η τύχη 49χρονου, in.gr News, December 4, 2014.
  57. ↑ a b c 2 Killed in Floods in Northern Greece and Floods Kill Two More in Northern Greece, both Richard Davies in floodlist.com, 8. resp. December 11, 2014.
  58. ↑ a b c d Σε κατάσταση έκτακτης ανάγκης ο Έβρος λόγω των πλημμυρών, in.gr News, December 10, 2014.
  59. ↑ Ormenios Village Evacuated After Evros River Levee Breaks, Philip Chrysopoulos on GreekReporter Greece, December 12, 2014.
  60. ↑ Flooding kills 2 more in northern Greece, raising toll to 4 after days of heavy rain, ( Memento of the original from December 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. StarTribune online, December 11, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.startribune.com
  61. ↑ Temple of Artemis in Vavrona Flooded, Aggelos Skordas on GreekReporter Greece, December 12, 2014.
  62. ↑ Καραμπόλα 35 αυτοκινήτων στην εθνική Αθηνών-Λαμίας - Μια γυναίκα νεκρή, ( Memento of the original dated December 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ΕΘΝΟΣ.gr, December 12, 2014; Thirty-Five Car Pileup Near Athens; One Dead, Aggelos Skordas on GreekReporter Greece, December 12, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ethnos.gr
  63. ↑ a b 100s Evacuated after Floods in Southern Bulgaria, Richard Davies in floodlist.com, December 5, 2014.