Philadelphia
Philadelphia | ||
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Nickname : Philly, City of Brotherly Love, The City that Loves you Back, Cradle of Liberty, The Quaker City, The Birthplace of America, Illadelph | ||
Top, left to right: the Philadelphia skyline, Benjamin Franklin statue , Liberty Bell , Philadelphia Museum of Art , Philadelphia City Hall and Independence Hall |
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Location in Pennsylvania | ||
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Basic data | ||
Foundation : | October 27, 1682 | |
State : | United States | |
State : | Pennsylvania | |
County : | Philadelphia County | |
Coordinates : | 39 ° 57 ′ N , 75 ° 10 ′ W | |
Time zone : | Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 ) | |
Inhabitants : - Metropolitan Area : |
1,567,872 (as of 2016) 6,070,500 (as of 2016) |
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Population density : | 4,480.9 inhabitants per km 2 | |
Area : | 369.4 km 2 (approx. 143 mi 2 ) of which 349.9 km 2 (approx. 135 mi 2 ) is land |
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Height : | 12 m | |
Structure: | 12 boroughs | |
Postcodes : | 19019-19255 | |
Area code : | +1 215, 267, 445 | |
FIPS : | 42-60000 | |
GNIS ID : | 1209052 | |
Website : | www.phila.gov | |
Mayor : | Jim Kenney | |
Aerial view of Philadelphia |
Philadelphia on the map of the United States |
Philadelphia is a city in the US state of Pennsylvania . With around 1.6 million inhabitants (as of 2016, estimate by the US Census Bureau), it is the sixth largest city in the United States and the largest in the state of Pennsylvania. On the east coast , Philadelphia is the second largest city after New York City . The city is located on the Delaware River in the center of the Delaware Valley metropolitan area .
Philadelphia is one of the most important cities in US history. After New York and before Washington, it was the national capital from 1790 to 1800 and at that time the largest city in the USA and the second largest English-speaking city in the world after London . The first and partly also the second continental congress and the constitutional convention of 1787 met in Philadelphia , the American Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) was proclaimed here and the constitution passed.
Philadelphia is colloquially called Philly or City of Brotherly Love . The name of the city is based on that of several ancient cities ( ancient Greek Φιλαδέλφεια Philadélpheia , from Philádelphos , the nickname Attalos II. ) And was probably directly related to the independently formed noun ( φιλαδελφία philadelphía , German , 'brotherly love' ) by William Penn . It is composed of the roots of φιλέω philéō , German ' to love' or φιλία philía , German 'love' and ultimately φίλος phílos , German 'dear, dear, loving, friendly' as well as ἀδελφός adelphós , German 'brother' , means ' Place of brotherly love 'or' brotherly love '.
geography
Geographical location
Philadelphia is located in the southeastern part of the state of Pennsylvania, between the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers , about 210 km northeast of Washington DC, 90 km northwest of Atlantic City and 180 km southwest of New York City.
geology
The average height of Philadelphia is 12 meters above sea level. The lowest point in the city is three meters. The highest is Chestnut Hill near German Town at 136 meters above sea level. The city lies on the fall line that separates the Atlantic coastal plain from Piedmont .
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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City structure
Townships
Philadelphia is divided into seven boroughs, similar to the boroughs in New York , and these in turn are divided into individual quarters. List of boroughs in Philadelphia:
- West Philadelphia
- Center City (Philadelphia)
- South Philadelphia
- Southwest Philadelphia
- Northwest Philadelphia
- North Philadelphia
- Northeast Philadelphia
Some well-known neighborhoods in these boroughs are:
- Germantown (Northwest Philadelphia)
- Chestnut Hill (Northwest Philadelphia)
- Frankford (Northeast Philadelphia)
- Chinatown (Center City)
- Roxborough
- Manayunk
- Bridesburg
- Mayfair
- Torresdale
- Tacony
- Rhawnhurst
- Fishtown
- Port Richmond
Neighboring and surrounding municipalities
history
Philadelphia is one of the oldest cities in the United States. It was planned by the city founder William Penn in 1681 as the capital of the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania. Penn gave the new city a biblical name: In Rev 3 : 7–13 EU , Philadelphia is the only one of the seven churches that remains unreservedly faithful to the Lamb of God (i.e. Jesus Christ) even in the time of persecution.
In 1683 13 German Quaker and Mennonite families came from Krefeld with the ship “ Concord ” to Philadelphia and settled in the suburb called Germantown , which was newly founded by Franz Daniel Pastorius .
Philadelphia was the second capital of the United States of America (1790–1800) after New York (1788–1790) until the completion of the new capital, Washington, DC
The Declaration of Independence was passed and promulgated in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776 , as was the constitution on July 17, 1787. Until the early 19th century, Philadelphia was also the largest city in the United States and at times the largest English-speaking city west of London.
From 1838 to 1844, Edgar Allan Poe and his wife Virginia Clemm Poe spent six very productive years in Philadelphia. He was initially the editor of Burton's Gentleman's Magazine , then editor-in-chief of Graham's Magazine . During these years Poe et al. a. Ligeia , The Fall of the House of Usher , The Double Murder on Rue Morgue and The Gold Beetle .
Johannes Nepomuk Neumann , a Bohemian-German priest and missionary, was ordained Bishop of Philadelphia in 1852. In just eight years in office, he laid the foundations for the church school system that still exists in the United States. In 1977 he was appointed by Pope Paul VI. canonized as the first American bishop. From 1854 the German painter Paul Weber was active in Philadelphia and influenced the Hudson River School .
In 1876 the Centennial Exhibition , the first official world exhibition in the United States, took place in Philadelphia . For example, the Memorial Hall in Fairmount Park has been preserved from the buildings .
The famous Liberty Bell , which had previously traveled through the country as a symbol of the Wars of Independence , has been in the city again since 1915 and has been hanging in an exhibition building specially created for this purpose since 2003; together with Independence Hall , where it once hung, Philadelphia is home to two of the most important symbolic sites in the United States .
Philadelphia is home to the oldest post office in the United States, as well as the first two banks and America's first zoo.
Philadelphia has three sites of outstanding historical importance to American history: Independence National Historical Park , Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial . 67 places have the status of a National Historic Landmark . The Independence Hall itself has been a World Heritage Site in the United States of America since 1979 . 580 buildings and sites in Philadelphia County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as of September 22, 2020.
population
Population development
The population peaked at over two million around 1950, accompanied by a housing shortage; many of the apartments were built in the 19th century and lacked modern sanitary facilities. Then the population in the urban area decreased continuously to around 1.5 million, while that of the metropolitan area grew.
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The following table shows the population development of the Metropolitan Statistical Area Philadelphia - Camden - Wilmington according to the definition of the US Census Bureau 2015, which extends over the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland:
year | Residents¹ |
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1990 | 5,435,550 |
2000 | 5,686,329 |
2010 | 5,065,662 |
2016 | 6,070,500 |
¹ 1990–2010: census results; 2016: US Census Bureau estimate
Composition of the population
According to the census ( US Census ) of 2010, 41% of the population white, 43.4% were African American , 6.3% were Asian, 12.3% were Hispanics of different " race ". For the first time, there were more black than white residents in Philadelphia, which is mainly due to the fact that many members of the white middle class have left the city center, a development that has been observed in almost all major US cities since the 1950s. The composition of the city's population of European descent shows the long history of immigration to the USA : 13.6% are Irish , 9.2% Italian , 8.1% German , 4.3% Polish and 2.3% English .
politics
Town twinning
Philadelphia has eight official sister cities:
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Philadelphia also has city partnerships with the following cities or towns:
Philadelphia also participates in the "Partners of Peace" project and maintains a partnership with:
Dealing with crime in Philadelphia
On the part of the judiciary, the following agencies are responsible for maintaining law and order: The Philadelphia Police Department, the Court of Common Pleas, and the Philadelphia Public Prosecutor's Office.
The high crime and murder rate and some nationally sensational murder cases and confrontations led to public debates. It was about the lack of eyesight of the police towards African Americans, as well as complaints about the unwillingness of the black community, especially men, to participate in public security.
On September 12, 2007, Sheriff Sylvester Johnson called on 10,000 Afro-American Philadelphians to patrol the streets of the city to prevent crime. Johnson took this action called "Call to Action: 10,000 Men, It's a New Day" to reduce the disproportionately high proportion of black murder victims. Dennis Muhammad as local representative of the Nation of Islam and Philadelphia's Mayor John F. Street supported the project.
Riots
- Election revolt of 1742: conflict between the Quakers and the emerging German-American minority
- Lombard Street riot ( Lombard Street riot , 1842): Three days of street battle between representatives of the black and Irish communities
- Philadelphia Nativist Riots (1844): Anti-Catholic excesses (see nativism )
- Philadelphia race riot (1964): Race riots in North Philadelphia, serious destruction, numerous injuries; important impetus for the civil rights movement .
economy
The metropolitan area of Philadelphia generated an economic output of 417.7 billion US dollars in 2016. The gross domestic product per capita is 62,817 US dollars. In a 2014 study, Philadelphia was ranked 28th among the world's most economically powerful metropolitan areas and 8th in the United States. The unemployment rate was 5.8% (as of March 2018) and was thus above the national average. The city's economy is largely determined by the service sector.
The largest Philadelphia-based companies are Comcast , CIGNA , Sunoco , Aramark , Carpenter Technology, and chemical companies Rohm and Haas and FMC Corporation . The pharmaceutical companies Wyeth and SmithKline Beecham had their headquarters there too. The headquarters of the former Pennsylvania Railroad were also in Philadelphia.
Culture and sights
Museums
- Independence National Historical Park : In the Independence National Historical Park several historical buildings are summarized, which together are designated as a memorial of the type of a National Historical Park under the administration of the National Park Service . There is a central visitor center and the individual exhibitions:
Other museums and memorials
- Mothers Museum
- National Constitution Center
- Philadelphia Museum of Art
- Rosenbach Museum & Library
- Independence Seaport Museum
- Eastern State Penitentiary
- Franklin Institute Science Museum
- Christ Church
- Franklin Court
- Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site
- Benjamin Franklin's grave
- Atwater Kent Museum
- American Philosophical Society
- National Museum of American Jewish History
- Betsy Ross House
- Philadelphia City Hall
- Masonic Temple of Philadelphia
- The famous LOVE sculpture by the artist Robert Indiana has been located on the John F. Kennedy Plaza, also known as LOVE Park , since 1976 - permanently since 1978 . The park was a well-known skateboarding spot until it was banned by the city .
- Please Touch Museum, a museum for children since 1976
theatre
- Walnut Street Theater , since 1809
- Plays and Players Theater, since 1913
- Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts, since 1971
- Arden Theater Company, since 1988
- Lantern Theater Company, since 1994
- Wilma Theater, since 1996
- Perelman Theater at the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts , since 2001
- Suzanne Roberts Theater, since 2007
skyscraper
The skyline of Philadelphia is dominated by many skyscrapers. For a long time, no building was allowed to exceed the 167 meters of the town hall tower . The first building that was taller is One Liberty Place from 1987. Since then, ten more skyscrapers have been built beyond this height mark. These are listed here.
rank | Surname | Total height in meters | Floors | opening | use |
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1 | Comcast Technology Center | 342.7 | 59 | 2017 | office building |
2 | Comcast Center | 297.2 | 57 | 2008 | office building |
3 | One Liberty Place | 288 | 61 | 1987 | office building |
4th | Two Liberty Place | 258.5 | 58 | 1990 | office building |
5 | Mellon Bank Center | 242 | 53 | 1990 | office building |
6th | Cira Center South Office Tower | 224.3 | 49 | 2017 | office building |
7th | Bell Atlantic Tower | 225.3 | 55 | 1991 | office building |
8th | G. Fred DiBona Jr. Building | 190.5 | 45 | 1990 | office building |
9 | W Hotel & Elements by Westin | 177 | 52 | 2018 | hotel |
10 | One Commerce Square | 172.2 | 41 | 1990 | office building |
10 | Two Commerce Square | 172.2 | 41 | 1990 | office building |
music
Since 1900 the city has been home to the Philadelphia Orchestra , which rose to world fame under Leopold Stokowski . The name of the city was also the origin of the Philly sound , which originated in the 1960s.
eat
Philadelphia is known for the "Philly Cheesesteak" that comes from here . A prominent restaurant for this dish is Pat's King of Steaks , founded by Pat Olivieri in South Philadelphia in 1930 , which was initially just a simple hot dog stand . In 1933 Olivieri is said to have invented the Philly Cheesesteak here with his brother Harry.
Public transport
Philadelphia is at the center of the public transportation system operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). It includes subway, tram and trolleybus routes and is one of the largest public networks in the United States. With 9,000 employees, it serves a region of 3.9 million people.
Philadelphia 30th Street Station is an important interchange point .
Philadelphia International Airport is also located in the city.
Sports
Philadelphia is one of the twelve cities in the United States currently represented by a team in each of the four major sports (American football, ice hockey, baseball and basketball) in the top division.
club | sport | league | championship | homestead |
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Philadelphia Eagles | American football | National Football League ; NFC | 4 (1948, 1949, 1960, 2018) | Lincoln Financial Field |
Philadelphia Flyers | ice Hockey | National Hockey League ; Eastern | 2 (1973-1974, 1974-1975) | Wells Fargo Center |
Philadelphia Phillies | baseball | Major league baseball ; NL | 2 (1980, 2008) | Citizens Bank Park |
Philadelphia 76ers | basketball | National Basketball Association ; Eastern | 3 (1954-1955, 1966-1967, 1982-1983) | Wells Fargo Center |
Philadelphia Union | Soccer | Major League Soccer | PPL Park | |
Philadelphia Wings | Indoor lacrosse | National Lacrosse League | 6 (1989, 1990, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001) | Wells Fargo Center |
Philadelphia Soul | Arena football | Arena Football League | 3 (2008, 2016, 2017) | Wells Fargo Center |
education
Philadelphia is home to several higher education institutions, including a. the elite University of Pennsylvania , which is part of the Ivy League of American educational institutions, the Curtis Institute of Music , the private Thomas Jefferson University ( Health Sciences ), Temple University , La Salle University and Drexel University .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
Personalities related to the city
- William Penn (1644-1718), Quaker; founded the city of Philadelphia in 1681
- Samuel Güldin (1664–1745), Swiss Pietist and first Reformed pastor of the German language in Pennsylvania
- Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), politician, writer, scientist, inventor, natural philosopher and Freemason
- Richard Allen (1760–1831), Methodist bishop
- Francis Johnson (1792–1844), composer and musician
- William Parker Foulke (1816–1865), lawyer, philanthropist, reformer, and amateur geologist
- Henry Weed Fowler (1878-1965), zoologist
- Louis I. Kahn (1901–1974), architect and urban planner
- Alexander Haig (1924-2010), General and Foreign Minister
- Russell Hoban (1925-2011), writer
- Andrew L. Lewis (1931–2016), United States economic manager, politician, and Secretary of Transportation
- Luther Randolph (1935 / 36–2020), R&B musician and producer
- Carolee Schneemann (1939–2019), artist
- Ronald James Sider (* 1939), Canadian historian, Mennonite theology professor and author
- Chubby Checker (born 1941), rock 'n' roll singer; grew up in Philadelphia
- Joe Frazier (1944-2011), boxer; lived in Philadelphia
- Tammi Terrell (1945–1970) soul and R&B singer
- Daryl Hall (born 1946), pop singer
- Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), R&B musician
- Pamela Fryman (* 1959), director and executive producer; grew up in Philadelphia
- King Britt (* 1968), house and techno musician, DJ and label owner; grew up in Philadelphia
- Shane Claiborne (* 1975), Christian activist and author; lives in Philadelphia
- Santigold (* 1976), singer, producer and composer
- Vinnie Paz (born 1977), rapper
- Kurt Vile (* 1980), rock musician
Philadelphia in film and television
The legendary screwball comedy The Philadelphia Story (1940; German The night before the wedding ) is set in Philadelphia . Significant films and series that were shot in whole or in part in Philadelphia include:
- the Rocky film series (1976-2018),
- Trading Places (1983; Eng. The Soldiers of Fortune ),
- Philadelphia (1993),
- Twelve Monkeys (1995; German 12 Monkeys ),
- Se7en (1995; German seven ),
- The Sixth Sense (1999),
- Unbreakable (2000),
- The Italian Job - Hunt for Millions (2003),
- National Treasure (2004; The Legacy of the Knights Templar ),
- the television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (since 2005),
- Invincible - The Dream of His Life (2006)
- Shooter (2007),
- Law Abiding Citizen (2009; German Law of Vengeance ),
- Silver Linings Playbook (2012; German Silver Linings ).
- The Irishman (2019).
The US series Cold Case (2003–2010), Pretty Little Liars (2010–2017), Body of Proof (2011–2013) and How to Get Away with Murder (since 2014) are set in Philadelphia and Surroundings.
gallery
Pictures from Old Germantown
literature
- Roger W. Moss: Historic Landmarks of Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 2008, ISBN 978-0-8122-4106-8 .
- Alice L. George: Old City Philadelphia: Cradle of American Democracy. Arcadia, Charleston 2003, ISBN 0-7385-2445-X .
- Russell Frank Weigley , Nicholas B. Wainwright, Edwin Wolf (Eds.): Philadelphia: A 300 Year History . WW Norton & Company , New York City 1982, ISBN 978-0-393-01610-9 .
- Edward Digby Baltzell: Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia. New edition of the first edition from 1979. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick 1996, ISBN 1-56000-830-X .
Web links
- Phila.gov - website of the city administration (English)
- The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia (English)
- Visit Philly - Tourist Board website (English)
- Philly.com - website of the local newspaper The Philadelphia Inquirer and Philadelphia Daily News (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Philly slips from fifth to sixth, as Phoenix rises, philly.com, May 25, 2017
- ^ The National Map
- ^ The Fall Line and major cities of the Eastern US
- ↑ Both groups lived so closely together that it is not clear whether the Krefeld emigrants can be assigned to the Mennonites or the Quakers. See also the article on THE INDEPENDENT FRIEND
- ↑ Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: Pennsylvania. National Park Service , accessed September 22, 2020.
- ↑ Entry on the website of the UNESCO World Heritage Center ( English and French ).
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↑ Search mask database in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed September 22, 2020.
Weekly List on the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed September 22, 2020. - ↑ a b c SISTER CITIES PROGRAM
- ↑ Eric C. Schneider: Crime. In: The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia , 2014. See also Crime Maps & Stats at the Philadelphia Police Department.
- ↑ Black men urged to help Philadelphia police to reduce crime . nydailynews.com. September 14, 2007. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
- ^ US Department of Commerce, BEA, Bureau of Economic Analysis: Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved July 4, 2018 (American English).
- ^ Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph Parilla: Global Metro Monitor . In: Brookings . January 22, 2015 ( brookings.edu [accessed July 4, 2018]).
- ^ Unemployment in the Philadelphia Area by County - March 2018: Mid-Atlantic Information Office: US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved July 4, 2018 (American English).
- ↑ Cameron Cuchulainn: Skating to the bitter end: Photos from the legendary LOVE Park in Philadelphia. In: Vice.com , January 20, 2018.
- ↑ A Brief History of Pat's Steaks. In: Pat's King of Steaks website. Retrieved May 6, 2014 .
- ↑ Chris Epting: The Birthplace Book: A Guide to Birth Sites of Famous People, Places, & Things . Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg 2009, ISBN 978-0-8117-4018-0 , pp. 81 ( limited preview in Google Book search).