Portoria

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View of Via XX September with Ponte Monumentale from Piazza De Ferrari

Portoria is a central district of Genoa , which administratively belongs to the Municipio I Centro Est .

He was one of the sestieri of historical Genoa. The name is associated with the uprising against the Habsburgs during the Austrian War of Succession on December 5, 1746, which began with the famous story of Balilla .

For centuries it was a popular and secluded part of town, although it is located within the city walls. With the urban expansion of the late 19th century, it became the center of the modern city. The Portoria area includes some of the main streets and squares in the center of Genoa: Piazza De Ferrari , Piazza Dante, Piazza Corvetto, part of the very central Via XX Settembre, the main artery of Genoa's business district and Via Roma.

description

Place name

The name is derived from a gate in the so-called Barbarossa Wall, which was built in the 12th century, around 1155, with a view to the arrival of the German Emperor . This gate was called Porta Aurea or Porta d'Oria (because it is on the edge of the Doria family's estate ), a name shortened to Portóia in Genoese . Its remains, consisting of the entrance arch and the two towers, which were shortened in the 18th century, were demolished in the early 1960s with the urban redesign of the entire district.

area

Map of the Portoria District (including the Carignano area)

Historically, the Portoria sestiere comprised the area between the Barbarossa Walls and the 16th century walls, made up of the Rivo Torbido valley and the Carignano hill . The Rivo Torbido is a short stream (completely covered since the 16th century ) that rises from the hill of Multedo (in the area of ​​Piazza Manin, in the Castelletto district ) and is buried in the so-called “Chest of Janus” (today buried and included in the port area) ) flows into the sea and flows below Via Palestro, Piazza Corvetto, Via V Dicembre, Piazza Dante and Via Madre di Dio.

With the founding of the districts in the 20th century, the Portoria district was merged with the San Vincenzo district, another historic district, creating the "Portoria" district, which is divided into the "districts" of "San Vincenzo" and " Carignano " , both of which belong to the Municipio I Centro Est .

The Portoria area itself is an irregular quadrangle with Piazza Corvetto, Piazza De Ferrari, Piazza Dante and the Ponte Monumentale at the top. In the west it borders the districts of Molo and Maddalena, in the east on San Vincenzo, in the north on Castelletto and in the south on Carignano .

Population development

As of December 31, 2016, the area of ​​the former Portoria district had 12,492 inhabitants, of which 5,241 alone were in the “district” of San Vincenzo, which, as already mentioned, also includes the center of the old Portoria district.

The historical data available refer to the former Portoria district as a whole, with the two districts of S.Vincenzo and Carignano . The population development of the former district is influenced by the urban changes. The population, 35,877 in the first census of 1861, rose in 1901 to a historical maximum of 40,260. Since then, with the transformation of these old working-class quarters into an economic and service center, a clear demographic decline has set in. The population, from 35,007 in 1936, has decreased to 20,021 in 1961, holding the current level of 12,492. As already mentioned, 5,241 of these are in the San Vincenzo district alone.

history

Today the name Portoria refers to the Piccapietra neighborhood, named after the square of the same name, in the heart of the modern city, but its history is ancient. The war damage and, above all, building speculation destroyed the old craftsmen's houses, the small alleys and squares and uprooted the population.

The quarter developed from the 14th to the 18th century around the many craft guilds that were located in the historic centers outside the city walls and were built on church property in the Middle Ages . Another important point of reference in the district were the two hospitals, Pammatone and Incurabili, which were active from the end of the 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century.

The urban development activities of the last century have systematically destroyed the already existing urban and social fabric, which led to the almost complete disappearance of the historical cores of Piccapietra, Ponticello and Borgo Lanaioli, of which in the current district, which is mainly used for business and commercial purposes, only a few fragmentary documents have survived.

Origins

In pre-Roman times (from the 6th to the 3rd centuries BC), a large part of the area of ​​the present-day Portoria district was occupied by a huge necropolis that stretches from the plain of Sant'Andrea to the hill of the same name and the area in which later the church of S. Stefano was to be located. The remains of these burials were discovered during the construction of Via XX Settembre. The tombs, similar to the Etruscan ones, testify to the presence of the Etruscans to guard the port bay along the route to Marseille , around which the original settlement was formed.

In this area, which was outside the first city walls, the Abbey of Santo Stefano , (9th century) , was first built, which included a huge estate. The first houses were built in the middle of the 12th century when the city was fitted with a new wall called Barbarossa, which included the Porta Soprana and the Porta Aurea . In the 14th century a few houses were built to house the craftsmen. At the same time, this settlement was also integrated into a new city wall.

From the late Middle Ages to the 18th century, these urban centers were home to numerous guilds , including that of the dyers, after whom an alley in the old quarter that disappeared after the destruction of the 20th century was named.

In the 17th century, Via Giulia was opened in the district by expanding the "Strada Felice" and the first connection between the center and the lower Val Bisagno was established. The development of this seven meter wide street was an extraordinary measure for this time, because numerous buildings had to be demolished. In order to improve the routing of the streets, Via XX Settembre was built at the end of the 19th century .

In 1684 the original quarter from the 15th century was almost completely destroyed by the French naval bombardment and rebuilt in a short time with the help of the state.

The hospitals of Portoria

The two Giustiniani hospitals were built in the Portoria area between the 15th and 16th centuries. They were the main point of contact for urban health care for several centuries and no longer exist today. Back then, many wealthy people in Italian cities donated part of their heritage to support the needy, for religious reasons or simply because they wanted to contribute to the city's well-being. These charitable initiatives tried to alleviate the ailments caused by the difficult living conditions of the poor, who made up the majority of the population, as far as possible at the time. In this context, Bartholomäus Bosco and Ettore Vernazza, founders of the Pammatone hospital and “the incurable”, are mentioned.

Pammatone Hospital

The Pammatone Hospital, the city's main hospital for nearly five centuries, was founded by Bartolomeo Bosco in 1422. From 1471, at the behest of the Senate of the Republic , it was supposed to replace the many small hospitals that were scattered all over the city.

Between 1478 and 1510, Katherina of Genoa lived in the hospital and dedicated herself to the nursing and management of the building, of which she was also director.

The hospital was expanded in 1758 thanks to donations from numerous benefactors, in particular the noblewoman Anna Maria Pallavicini, who made it possible to start work with a legacy of 125,000 Genoese liras.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the activities and functions were transferred to the new Ospedale San Martino and the old Pammatone building became the seat of the Faculty of Economics and Commerce of the University of Genoa . Almost completely destroyed by the bombing of the Second World War , the remains were demolished in the 1960s. The new Palace of Justice was built on the site of the 18th century hospital, with the pillared courtyard and the monumental staircase of the old hospital inside.

Hospital of the Incurable

The "Ospedale degli Incurabili" or "dei Cronici", popularly known as "Spedaletto", was founded in 1499 by Ettore Vernazza and was the most important Genoese institution for the care of the chronically and mentally ill for four centuries.

Originally intended for the admission of syphilis patients, a sexually transmitted disease that had started to spread in Europe during these years, epileptics and the mentally ill could also be treated in the decades after it was founded .

The large complex, which also included the 13th century church of S. Colombano and the adjoining monastery, was in operation until the 1920s. After that, the activities were moved to the new Ospedale San Martino , but by 1841 most of the psychiatric patients had moved to the new home that was being built in the San Vincenzo area.

Half destroyed by the bombing of World War II , the rest of the complex was demolished in the 1960s when the modern Piccapietra business and industrial park was built.

Balilla's revolt began in Portoria

Antoniotto Botta Adorno

The old Portoria is known for the uprising of the Genoese against the Austro-Piedmontese army, which occupied the city on December 5, 1747 under the command of the imperial commissioner (plenipotentiary) Antoniotto Botta Adorno . The trigger for the uprising was a young boy who a century later was identified as Giovan Battista Perasso , called Balilla . This incident is part of the Austrian War of Succession , in which the Republic of Genoa participated alongside the French and Spanish against the Duchy of Savoy and Austria.

In September 1746 the Austrians under General Botta Adorno occupied the city. On December 5, a group of Austrian soldiers crossed the streets of the district, hauling a heavy mortar across the street from Portoria, which had to be moved from the heights of Carignano to another strategic point to control the city.

The uprising in Portoria against the Habsburgs on a painting by Giuseppe Comotto. Balilla is shown in the middle.

The mortar sank under the weight in the rain-soaked streets and the soldiers called on the locals for help by snarling at them. When a sergeant raised a stick at a man to be obeyed, the uprising began.

Balilla monument

With the reputation "Che l'inse?" (That is that you start with that? ), Threw a boy the first stone, followed by a rain of paving stones that were thrown at the soldiers, who were forced by giving up the mortar and flee.

A marble plaque showing only the date December 5, 1746 survived the destruction of the neighborhood, marks the location of this event and is now in the middle of the street at the intersection of Via V Dicembre (the old street of Portoria that commemorates the historic day was renamed), Via E. Vernazza and Via delle Casacce.

A bronze statue of Balilla by Vincenzo Giani (1831–1900) was erected in 1862 in the place where the famous event was believed to have taken place, near the Pammatone hospital. In the 1960s, with the demolition of the old town, the statue was moved to the Palazzo Tursi . In 2001 it was restored to its original location in front of the Palace of Justice, albeit in a completely different urban environment.

Although there is historical evidence that the initiator of the revolt was a boy, there is no historical confirmation of his identity. The very young hero of the uprising was identified by some more than a century later as Giovan Battista Perasso , a boy from the neighborhood born in 1735, while others say it was instead a young man of the same name from Montoggio , born in 1729 in the Genoese hinterland. But there are no documents to prove one or the other of these identities. This was declared and confirmed in 1927 by the Ligurian Society for National History , which was also expressed by Neri and Donaver at the end of the 19th century.

19th century

At the beginning of the 19th century, Portoria was still a popular district on the edge of the old town, but since the middle of the century, with the implementation of the plan drawn up by the architect Carlo Barabino in 1825 to expand the city to the east beyond the borders of the medieval city, a real one began urban revolution. In little more than a century the structure of the area was completely changed and the old town of the workers and artisans turned into a business and trading center.

The urban expansion of the late 19th century

The first measures carried out around 1840 by GB Resasco, the successor to Barabino, in the role of urban architect, concerned the area of ​​San Vincenzo. The first step in the Portoria area was the development of Via Roma and Piazza Corvetto around 1870 to create a link between the city center and the new residential areas that had been built in the Castelletto area a few years earlier. A real turning point came towards the end of the century with the construction of Via XX Settembre, which is still the main element of the urban road network today.

The street that was built through the renovation and expansion of the existing Via Giulia (in the Portoria district), Via della Consolazione and Via Porta Pila (in the S. Vincenzo district) was characterized by Art Nouveau from the beginning . Among the architects who were involved in the various projects was the Florentine Gino Coppedè . In order to build the street, almost all the buildings on both sides of the old Via Giulia were demolished.

The 20th century

The destroyed historical buildings

The implementation of the various urban restructuring plans led to the disappearance of many historical, public and religious buildings in addition to many residential buildings.

As early as the 1870s, with the development of Via Roma and the parallel Mazzini gallery, the 16th century church of San Sebastiano with the adjoining monastery, the conservatory of the daughters of St. Joseph, that of Ettore Vernazza in the 16th century and the church of the same name, built in 1603, the oratory of S. Giacomo delle Fucine and part of the historical aqueduct, including the canal bridge that crossed the rise of S. Caterina, were demolished.

The development of Via XX Settembre and the subsequent expansion of Piazza De Ferrari resulted in the loss of the 18th century Rimedio church, the church and the former convent of S. Andrea, which were converted into a prison, and the entire Barbarossa wall between the Porta Soprana and the Porta Aurea.

With the plan from 1931, with which the entire village of Ponticello was demolished, only the Casa di Colombo remained of the two small palazzi on the sides of the "vico dritto Ponticello" .

In the 1960s, with the establishment of the Piccapietra business center, the two historic hospitals of Pammatone and Incurabili (already war ruins), the Church of San Colombano (preserved in the Incurabili complex), the Porta Aurea, which belong to the district, were added to the old village The oratorios of Casacce di S. Andrea and S. Bartolomeo had been torn down

The most important events that shaped the neighborhood in the 20th century are related to urban development. With the systematic application of urban planning within a few decades, only a few historical buildings remained of a periphery that had been popular for centuries. Historically significant churches in particular are surrounded by modern buildings from different eras. The spectrum ranges from the Art Nouveau buildings in Via XX Settembre to the skyscrapers in the rationalist style on Piazza Dante to the modern buildings made of glass and concrete in Piccapietra.

  • At the beginning of the new century, to complete Via XX Settembre and to expand Piazza De Ferrari, the Morcento Hill, also known as the Hill of S. Andrea, named after the ancient monastery of the Benedictine Sisters of S. Andrea della Porta, was added its top and had been converted into a prison in 1817, leveled. Via Dante (1904) was built with the buildings including the Palazzo della Nuova Borsa on the site of the hill.
  • In the time of fascism , the area of ​​Ponticello was affected by the "Plan of the Central Areas" (1931): With the demolition of the old town, the small palaces in the alleys of Ponticello at Porta Soprana disappeared. Piazza Dante and the surrounding streets were built where two skyscrapers were built, one of which, the Piacentini Tower, at 108 meters, was the tallest in Europe for many years.
  • After the Second World War, the “Detailed Plan of Piccapietra” (1959) affected the heart of ancient Portoria, with the demolition of the two old hospitals, which had long since been abandoned and had been bombed to ruins. Instead of the old houses, the Piazza Piccapietra (named after the old quarter inhabited by stone masons) was built and Via XII Ottobre opened.
  • The last interventions, carried out in 1966, concerned the area of ​​Via Madre di Dio and led to the complete disappearance of the village of Lanaioli (now part of the Carignano urban unit).

The demolition of the old town was then the subject of several authors of Genoese songs who nostalgically told of a folk culture that disappeared with the old houses and was replaced by cold modern architecture. Texts like Piccon dagghe cianin (“The pickaxe makes it flat”), a song very popular with the Genoese, which was best known for the interpretation of I Trilli and was recorded in 1977 by Ricchi e Poveri , became very popular .

These texts are an expression of a widespread feeling that the radical urban redesign of the area has not only resulted in the destruction of old buildings and historical buildings, but also the disintegration of an established social structure. Even today, many years later, it is not uncommon for the terms “massacre” and “speculation” to be used to describe these urban developments, although they may be an inevitable consequence of the city's expansion that began at the end of the 19th century .

Monuments and landmarks

Squares, streets and public spaces

The Portoria district includes some of Genoa's main streets and squares.

Piazza De Ferrari

180 ° view of Piazza De Ferrari

The Piazza De Ferrari , which is dedicated to the Duke of Galliera Raffaele De Ferrari, the main square of Genoa, the center of the modern city. It consists of two related areas. a smaller one in front of the Teatro Carlo Felice , which roughly corresponds to the old Piazza S. Domenico and which we see today in the floor plan of the 1820s, when the church of S. Domenico was demolished to build the theater and the palace of the Accademia ligustica. The second and much larger square area, surrounded by eclectic- style buildings, was created by demolitions between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when the major arteries that meet there were opened, making it the most important Road junction of the modern city. The large bronze fountain designed by Giuseppe Crosa di Vergagni has been located in the center of the square since 1936.

In the 1990s, the roadway, the fountain and the facade of the Palazzo Ducale were completely redesigned and is now a pedestrian zone. It is dominated by the Teatro Carlo Felice , with its neoclassical vestibule designed by the architect Carlo Barabino , as well as several historical buildings, company offices and public facilities. Starting from Palazzo Ducale, clockwise:

  • Palazzo della Regione Liguria , former palace of the Società Italia di Navigazione (Cesare Gamba, built between 1912 and 1923).
  • Palazzo del Credito Italiano (Giuseppe Tallero, 1914), on the corner of Via Dante and Via Petrarca.
  • Palazzo della Nuova Borsa , built between 1907 and 1912, a project by Dario Carbone, at the intersection of Via XX Settembre and Via Dante.
  • Palazzo dell'Accademia ligustica , constructed between 1827 and 1831, a project by Carlo Barabino .

The northwest side, which corresponds to the ancient Piazza S. Domenico, forms a recess that faces the theater and in which there is the equestrian statue of Giuseppe Garibaldi , the work of Augusto Rivalta (1893). On the opposite side the Palazzi De Ferrari and Forcheri, 16th century, but heavily modified in the 19th century. The latter, together with the Palazzo Ducale, with its side view of the square, belong to the adjacent Molo district.

Piazza Corvetto

Piazza Corvetto with the Vittorio Emanuele II monument

It is circular and was built in 1877 to create a link between the streets of the new residential areas on the heights of Castelletto and the city center. The square where seven streets meet is named after the politician and lawyer Luigi Emanuele Corvetto. The Nino Bixio tunnel, which was originally built in 1928 for local traffic and connects it with the Piazza del Portello, has developed into a hub for traffic flows between west, east and the city center, but has still retained its original elegance. The equestrian statue of Victor Emanuel II of Savoy by Francesco Barzaghi has been in the middle of the roundabout since 1886 . The park of Villetta Di Negro forms the backdrop for the square.

The square was built on the site of the Rivotorbido stream, which now runs under the square. This is where the Acquasola Gate stood, which was part of the Barbarossa Walls (1155) and later also part of the 14th century walls. The gate, which was rebuilt in 1825, was demolished in 1877 to build the square, as was the promenade that connected the Villetta Di Negro with the Spianata dell'Aquasola, which was designed by Carlo Barabino just fifty years earlier.

Piazza Dante and Via Dante

The square was created in the 1930s on the site created by the demolition of the old Ponticello district. As an important traffic junction, it connects the Via Dante of the same name with the Piazza De Ferrari on the one hand, and the Cristoforo Colombo Gallery, which opened in 1937, with the Foce area on the other . The square is characterized by the stark contrast between the imposing rationalist architecture (including the two skyscrapers: the Piacentini tower and the two Dante tower) and the preserved medieval monuments: the Porta Soprana, the house of Columbus and the cloister of the demolished monastery St. Andrew, which was standing nearby.

In the adjacent Via Dante, which was opened after the excavation of the hill by S. Andrea, are the palaces of the Poste e Telegrafi (Dario Carbone, 1914) of the Banca d'Italia (Luigi de Gaetani ) from the first decade of the 20th century , 1915) and on the corner of Piazza De Ferrari the Neue Börse and Credito Italiano .

Piazza Piccapietra

La sede del Secolo XIX in piazza Piccapietra

While the three main squares on the edge of the district are important crossroads, this square was created in the 1960s in the former center of the old village of Piccapietra as a pedestrian zone with no access roads. Partly in the area of ​​the Barbarossa walls and the Porta Aurea. Triangular on the roof of the garage of the same name, it is surrounded by buildings with glass and concrete arcades that serve as business centers, including the offices of the Costa Crociere and the newspaper Il Secolo XIX , which have occupied the Italimpianti offices since 1999.

Although it is a pedestrian zone, it has never become a meeting point and is only used as a thoroughfare to reach the various buildings. It only comes to life in December when the popular San Nicola Christmas market takes place here.

Via XX Settembre

View of Via XX Settembre

It was built in the last decade of the 19th century to improve and expand the route of Via Giulia and Via della Consolazione and to create a new road axis to the east, which was necessary due to the increasing traffic volume due to the city expansion outside the old city walls .

The competition for the construction of the new road was opened in 1883 after almost 20 years of debate, and it was not until 1887 that Cesare Gamba approved the project. Work began in 1892. In 1896 the lower part, which corresponds to the former Via della Consolazione, was inaugurated in the San Vincenzo district, while the upper part (the old Via Giulia) was carried out between 1898 and 1900. All the existing buildings in Via Giulia were demolished and replaced by new buildings, made of reinforced concrete for the first time in Genoa. Among the demolished buildings was the 18th century church NS del Rimedio, which was rebuilt in the same form on Piazza Alimonda in the Foce district . When the traffic was handed over, the wide and straight street was flanked by tall buildings with high arcades, which were unusual for the time, a real novelty for the Genoese, who were used to moving between narrow streets. The name of the new street was the subject of heated discussions until the will of many citizens was able to prevail that the historical date of the annexation of Rome be recognized with this name. The official traffic handover took place on March 15, 1900, although the work was not yet fully completed, while the construction of the buildings on this street was not completed until 1913.

Via Roma

Via Roma in the 19th century, by Alfred Noack

The street, one of the most elegant city streets, was built in the 1870s together with Piazza Corvetto as a link between the city center and the newly built residential areas on the hill of Castelletto during these years . The approximately 250 meter long street connects Piazza Corvetto with the last section of Via XXV Aprile and then, straight slightly downhill, with Piazza De Ferrari. It is dominated by elegant 19th century palaces destined for the upper middle class, with facades inspired by the mannerist facades of the 16th century; the Palazzo Orsini, number 8, has a room fresco by Nicolò Barabino. The buildings on the east side are connected by arcades that lead to the parallel Mazzini gallery. Down the street are elegant clothing stores and the historic Confetteria Pietro Romanengo fu Stefano , which has been in Genoa for over two centuries. The construction of the street and the Mazzini gallery resulted in the loss of several historical buildings: the Church and Convent of San Sebastiano, the Church and Conservatory of the Daughters of San Giuseppe, the Oratory of San Giacomo delle Fucine and the canal bridge of the medieval aqueduct that crossed the adjacent slope of Santa Caterina.

Via XII Ottobre

Commemorating the discovery of America (October 12, 1492) , the street was built after World War II when the Piccapietra district was demolished. Located on the eastern slope of the Piccapietra hill, it connects Via XX Settembre with Piazza Corvetto with a slight upward trend and two broad curves. The street leads past the Church of San Camillo, the only old building that remains of the old town. Along the street are modern buildings, including the one at the intersection with Via E. Vernazza, designed by Franco Albini , Rinascente , that crosses Via Pammatone. In the flower beds next to the street there is a monument to Goffredo Mameli and a bust of the partisan leader Aldo Gastaldi "Bisagno", (1921–1945).

Galleria Mazzini

Galleria Mazzini

Named after the patriot Giuseppe Mazzini , it was built between 1874 and 1876, with part of the hill of Piccapietra being excavated at the same time as the parallel Via Roma. It is a pedestrian walkway covered by a metal structure with large windows and four bronze chandeliers , a typical example of so-called iron architecture .

The city celebrated the inauguration as a major event. The elegant space of the gallery quickly became a meeting place for intellectuals and celebrities, including the “Caffè Roma”, a meeting place for writers, poets and journalists, and the “Libreria Editrice Moderna”, which published many books by Genoese authors. Since 1926 it has been the seat of the book fair, which takes place in December and spring (before Easter).

Aquasola promenade

Acquasola Park, which stretches from Piazza Corvetto to the Ponte Monumentale, sits on part of the bastion of the same name , a strategic point in the 16th century walls. Until the mid-16th century, this area was used as a landfill for rubble from public works, which is why it was known as Müggi dell'Accaseua ("the Acquasola heap"), a name that was still in use at the beginning of the 19th century has been. In the middle of the 16th century, the area was the seat of various craft workshops. In the 18th century the bastion, which had lost its strategic role with the construction of the "Mura Nuove" around 1630, was used as a public promenade and a playing field for Genoese football was set up in the ditch.

During the plague epidemic that struck Genoa from 1656 to 1657, numerous victims of the infection were buried in mass graves in front of the bastion. The bones were then exhumed and piled up in the basement of the bastion, where they are still located, a few meters below the road surface.

According to a design by Carlo Barabino, the Acquasola promenade was built in 1825, following the urban beautification program planned as early as 1805 during the Napoleonic rule. Barabino transformed the area immediately in front of the walls into a large panoramic terrace with a view of the Bisagno plain and the hills of the east, surrounded by trees arranged in regular rows and in the middle a meadow with a fountain. Although Barabino was inspired by the French model who was then in fashion, he did not limit himself to using the sidewalk of the old walls for a stroll. He created a new bastion by filling in the ditch to enlarge the area reserved for public gardens . Two large arches replaced the old gate to extend the path to Villetta Di Negro, but were demolished in 1877 with the development of Piazza Corvetto.

After the Second World War, the park lost its importance in favor of other meeting places, but it remains a green lung in the city center that is still quite busy. Even if the currently usable area is smaller compared to the splendor of the past, because it is partially affected by a controversial underground car park project and a metro station that has not yet been realized .

Public buildings

Carlo Felice Theater

Carlo Felice Theater

The Carlo Felice Theater, named after the ruler at the time of its construction , is the main city theater. It was built between 1826 and 1828 at the request of the local authorities on the site of the demolished church of San Domenico and inaugurated on April 7, 1828. The neoclassical-style building designed by the architect Carlo Barabino dominates the Piazza De Ferrari with its colonnaded forecourt, the only remaining element of the original building next to the west portico, which was almost completely destroyed by the bombing of the Second World War. After the war, several projects for reconstruction were presented, but it wasn't until 1987, after a long and heated debate, that a project was finally approved, which was developed and started by Aldo Rossi in collaboration with Ignazio Gardella and others. The rebuilt theater was inaugurated in 1991.

House of Columbus

Marble plaque on the facade of the Casa di Colombo

On the Piazza Dante, along the short ascent to the Porta Soprana, a remnant of the old "vico dritto Ponticello", is the house in which Christopher Columbus spent his childhood from 1455 to 1470. However, this is not the birthplace of the great navigator who was instead located in Vico dell'Olivella near Pammatone and was likely demolished to build the great hospital. The house, which Domenico Colombo, a weaver, had acquired on a lease from the Santo Stefano monastery, was part of a building with workshops that were located along the alley to Porta Soprana. These houses, destroyed or badly damaged by the French bombing of 1684, were rebuilt or restored in the years that followed. The house of Columbus, at number 37, was bought in 1887 by the municipality of Genoa, who put a plaque there. A few years later, with the excavation of the entire hill of Sant'Andrea, the houses on the north side of Vico dritto Ponticello were demolished. Only this building has been partially preserved, keeping the first two floors (corresponding to the original building) while removing the three upper floors (which were probably added during a restoration in the 18th century).

The museum house of Christopher Columbus and the nearby Porta Soprana are open to the public and are part of a museum complex that was transferred to the cultural association “Porta Soprana”.

Ponte Monumentale

Ponte Monumentale

The Ponte Monumentale, which connects the walls of the Acquasola with the S. Chiara, was built between 1893 and 1895 according to a design by Cesare Gamba and Riccardo Haupt and replaces the Porta degli Archi, which was dismantled and rebuilt on the Mura del Prato. On the bridge that crosses Via XX Settembre, Corso Andrea Podestà runs along the 16th century ramparts and connects Piazza Corvetto with the Carignano area. It has become a symbol of the modern city and separates the Portoria area from S. Vincenzo and offers an excellent view of Via XX Settembre. The bridge, 21 meters above street level of Via XX Settembre, was built from stone and brick according to the railway structures used at the time, but was then clad on the outside with white stone by Mazzano .

In 1949 the two side arches were decorated with statues by Nino Servettaz and dedicated to those who died for freedom. Some inscriptions recall the names of those killed in the Resistance , the act of surrender by General Meinhold's German troops to the Ligurian CLN (April 25, 1945) and the text of the declaration with which the Medal of Bravery was awarded in Genoa in 1947 .

Skyscrapers in Piazza Dante

On the Piazza Dante stand the two skyscrapers built in the 1930s in the rationalist style , which characterize the panorama of the city center, and which remained the tallest buildings in the city for many years:

  • Torre Piacentini, built from 1935 to 1940 based on a design by the architect Marcello Piacentini ; with 31 floors and a height of 108 m. The terrace on the top floor, which has now been renamed Colombo Terrace, had different names from the rooms that were integrated into it (first Capurro Terrace and then, from 1965 to the 1980s, Martini Terrace). The offices and studios of the television station Primocanale are located on the upper four floors of the building .
  • The Torre Dante Zwei, with its 83 m (24 floors), was for years the second tallest building in the city. Today it is surpassed in height by numerous buildings in Genoa, but at that time it was the second tallest in Italy (after the Torre Littoria in Turin ) at over 80 meters. With the advertising sign at the top, it reaches a total height of approx. 95 m.

Palace of Justice

The courtyard of the Palace of Justice with the Portico dell'Orsolino

The new seat of the Court of Justice of Genoa, formerly located in the Palazzo Ducale , was built between 1966 and 1974 on the site of the old hospital of Pammatone, of which the courtyard with the portico of Orsolino, the imposing staircase and some of the many statues of the Patrons remained.

The entrance to the building is on the small Piazza Portoria, where the aforementioned monument to Balilla is located. The project was entrusted to the architects Giorgio Olcese, Giovanni Romano and Giulio Zappa, who managed to integrate the preserved parts of the hospital into a modern structure made of steel, glass and concrete, as well as to restore the mezzanine and the large clock in the center and, so far as possible, the original courtyard design from the 18th century.

New stock exchange building

The stock exchange

It was built between 1907 and 1912 according to a design by Dario Carbone, while Adolfo Coppedè, brother of the more famous Gino Coppedè, took care of the rich interior decoration. The building replaced the old Loggia dei Mercanti in Piazza Banchi. With the advent of the electronic stock exchange, it lost its role and is now used for exhibitions that are set up in the splendid Art Nouveau trading room. It is at the crossroads of Via Venti Settembre and Via Dante, in the place of the old hill of S. Andrea. The richness of the eclectic style of decoration did not suit the tastes of the citizens at the time of its construction

Palazzo dell'Accademia Ligustica

Accademia Ligustica building

The Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti, founded in 1741, has been in this neoclassical building designed by Carlo Barabino since 1831 . In the palace is the Museo dell'Accademia Ligustica, where works by Ligurian painters from the 13th to the 20th centuries are located. Its austere arcades are linked to those of the nearby Teatro Carlo Felice . The building was badly damaged by bombing in 1942 and rebuilt after the war.

The Biblioteca Civica Berio was also located here until 1998. For a while it also housed the collections of the Museo d'arte orientale Edoardo Chiossone , which were then moved to their current location in the Villetta Dinegro.

Palazzi on Via XX Settembre

The long main artery is divided into two parts by the Ponte Monumentale. The section that affects the Portoria neighborhood is west of the Ponte Monumentale to Piazza De Ferrari. On the north side it has the typical Art Nouveau architecture with “bovindo” facades from the neo-renaissance, which are rich in decorations, while on the south side the architecture dominates with neo-manian and neo-baroque influences. In contrast to the east, this street section is characterized on both sides by high colonnades with terazzo floors, the design of which is based on that of the ceiling. In coordination with the Santo Stefano , part of the porticos on the north side was built by Cesare Gamba in neo-Gothic style, with a reinterpretation of the typical medieval porticos of Genoa.

  • Neo-Gothic arcades under the Church of S. Stefano

  • Terrazzo floors in the arcades

  • Another detail of the arcades on the south side of the street

Buildings on the north side
  • House number 29 (Gaetano Orzali, 1905). Building with three large bay windows over three floors and art nouveau railings that are well worth seeing . The atrium is characterized by a double ramp staircase. The lower portico is connected to that of the next building by a large pink marble portal adorned with the Genoese coat of arms in white marble, curiously modified by replacing the two griffins with male nudes and the crown with a headdress decorated with balls were.
  • House numbers 31, 33 and 35 . These buildings are very similar in structure and decoration, with facades adorned with ornate bay windows. Hotel Bristol Palace is at number 35.
  • House number 41 . The building at the top of the street, with a curved facade facing Piazza De Ferrari, is covered by a dome . This is the reconstruction (1951) of the original building that was destroyed by the bombing of World War II. It houses the Genoese headquarters of the La Repubblica newspaper and that of the Telenord television channel.

  • House number 29

  • Detail of the portal between numbers 29 and 31

  • House number 31–33

  • House number 35, Hotel Bristol Palace

  • Number 41, in the center of the photo, as seen from Piazza De Ferrari.

  • Number 41, the original building destroyed by bombs in 1942

Building on the south side
  • House number 26 (Benvenuto Pesce, 1909). Also in Art Nouveau style , with oriental decorations, has five floors plus a mezzanine. The ornate facade has two polygonal towers that extend over four floors.
  • House number 28 (Raffaele Croce, 1909). The building has five floors. The colorful facade is decorated with openwork balconies and double and triple-arched windows. There are two pagoda domes with a copper roof above the palazzo .
  • House numbers 30-32 (GB Carpineti, 1902). The building has a three-part facade, both in width and in height, which is decorated with pilaster strips and a rustic finish at the corners.
  • House number 34 (Luigi Rovelli, 1902). The building, with a neo-Romanian appearance, has an irregular floor plan due to its location. The large protruding cornice on the windows on the fifth floor is characteristic.
  • House number 36 (Benvenuto Pesce, 1909). The facade has narrow, elongated windows that are well separated from each other and surrounded by elegant decorations. The top floor consists of a loggia with double columns.
  • House number 42 (GB Carpineti, 1905). The five floors are highlighted by horizontal pilaster strips and vertical balconies, with windows on the lower floors alternating with bay windows. Originally built as a hotel, there is a large, column-supported open space on the ground floor with a semicircular exedra from which an elliptical staircase begins.

  • House number 26

  • House number 28

Palazzo Pastorino

Palazzo Pastorino

Next to the Church of S. Stefano and the Ponte Monumentale, in Via Bartolomeo Bosco, is the Palazzo Pastorino, a 1908 building by Gino Coppedè . With its white stone facade and the richness of its decorations, it is considered one of the best Genoese residential buildings by the Florentine architect. Similar to the Palazzo Zuccarino in Via Maragliano, it shows a more balanced decoration compared to this, which is mainly concentrated around the entrance portal, the windows, the balconies and the cornice.

Religious architecture

Of the many religious buildings in the district, the old Abbey of S. Stefano (almost completely rebuilt after the war) and three historic churches that once belonged to monasteries have been preserved.

Santo Stefano

Santo Stefano

The Abbey of Santo Stefano, located on a hill overlooking Via XX Settembre, is one of the oldest churches in Genoa. The parish is part of the deanery " Carignano - Foce " of the Archdiocese of Genoa . In this church Christopher Columbus was baptized.

The current building, commissioned by Bishop Teodolfo, was built around 972 on the remains of a Lombard chapel dedicated to the Archangel Michael , which was probably destroyed by the Saracens in 934 . Entrusted from the beginning to the monks of the Abbey of San Colombano di Bobbio , it was located in the center of a huge estate that stretched over the entire current district and also over Oltregiogo. Built in the 11th century as a parish church, it was rebuilt in 1217 based on the model of the Bobbio abbey church. In the 14th century the brick dome was built and the bell tower , probably on the remains of an earlier watchtower, was built. With the construction of the walls in the 14th century, the church and the monastery were integrated into the urban area.

Pope Boniface IX converted the abbey into a "commenda" with a bull in 1401. In 1529 the complex passed to the Benedictine monks of Monte Oliveto Abbey , who stayed there until 1775, after which the church and monastery were entrusted to the secular clergy. The monastery, which was partially demolished in 1536 due to the expansion of the walls and rebuilt in 1652, finally disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century during the work to develop Via XX Settembre.

At the beginning of the 20th century the church was in a poor state of preservation and in 1901 a restoration was started by Alfredo d'Andrade. In 1904 the construction of a new church (Camillo Galliano and Cesare Barontini) in neo-Romanesque style began, which was inaugurated in 1908 and damaged in 1912 by the partial collapse of the old church, which was already closed for services. Both churches were then almost completely destroyed by bombing during World War II. After the war, it was decided to only rebuild the old church, which was built between 1946 and 1955 according to a project by Carlo Ceschi, strictly respecting the original structure, of which the apse was preserved, considered one of the best examples of Romanesque architecture in Genoa. During the work, further evidence of a huge pre-Roman necropolis was found, which had already been discovered during the excavation work to develop Via XX Settembre and the expansion of Piazza De Ferrari. The Romanesque- style church has a rectangular plan and a single nave with a raised presbytery under which there is a crypt , probably the original core of the Archangel Michael chapel. The facade is decorated with black and white ribbons typical of Genoa's Romanesque architecture, with a large rose in the center and a double-arched window . Numerous works of art preserved in the two churches were destroyed by the bombs, including two reliefs, the "Martyrdom of St. Stephen" by Giulio Romano and the "Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew" by Giulio Cesare Procaccini.

SS. Annunziata di Portoria

Entrance of the SS. Annunziata

The Church of SS. Annunziata di Portoria, better known as “Church of Saint Catherine ”, is closely linked to the history of the destroyed hospital of Pammatone. It is located near the Acquasola promenade and very close to the Church of S. Stefano. Together with the adjoining monastery , it was built in 1488 by the Franciscans , who were replaced by the Capuchins in 1538 , who gave spiritual help to the sick in the adjoining hospital. In the 16th century, the church and monastery were partially demolished for the construction of the new city wall. The church was rebuilt in 1556. Many patrician families who had their aristocratic burial sites in the church contributed to the reconstruction and decorated them with works of art between the 16th and 18th centuries and commissioned the most talented artists of the time. It is commonly known as the "Church of Saint Catherine" because it houses the body of the saint, who was canonized in 1737 .

In the adjoining monastery is the Museo dei Beni Culturali Cappuccini , in which works of art, sacred furnishings and utensils from the monasteries of the Capuchins of Liguria are housed.

Jesuit Church

Jesuit Church

The Church of SS. Nome di Gesù, commonly known as "Church of Jesus", is located in Piazza Matteotti, a few meters from Piazza De Ferrari.

It was built between 1589 and 1606 by the Jesuits , who have lived in Genoa since 1552 , on the site of the old church of Sant'Ambrogio, from the 6th century, one of the oldest in Genoa. The construction was financed by Father Marcello Pallavicino. The baroque design of the building is attributed to the Jesuit Giuseppe Valeriano. The Jesuits named the church after the "Name of Jesus", although it was popularly referred to as the "Church of St. Ambrose" for many years. The Jesuits furnished them with valuable masterpieces. The facade, initially only in the lower part, was completed in the second half of the 19th century according to the original design. In 1894, the statues of Saints Ambrose and Andrew were placed by Michele Ramognino on both sides of the entrance portal.

In the church there are remarkable frescoes and paintings by important artists of the 17th century, such as: B. Pieter Paul Rubens , Guido Reni , Domenico Piola, Simon Vouet , Giovanni Battista and Giovanni Carlone , Lorenzo De Ferrari and Valerio Castello.

The original church was founded in 569 by the Bishop of Milan Onorato, who after the invasion of the Lombards in northern Italy had moved to Genoa that still under Byzantine rule the seat of the Milan diocese had. In the middle of the 7th century, Giovanni Bono returned his chair to the city of Milan, but the diocese of Milan remained the owner of the church for several centuries.

Santa Croce and San Camillo de Lellis

San Camillo

The church of Santa Croce e San Camillo de Lellis is located in the heart of ancient Portoria, a few meters from the Palace of Justice and Via XII Ottobre .

The first church dedicated to the Holy Cross was built at the beginning of the 17th century on land donated by noble Barnabas Centurione to the Kamilians who worked in the nearby hospitals of Pammatone and Incurabili. Thanks to numerous donations, the current church was built between 1667 and 1695 and is attributed to the Lombard architect Carlo Muttone. A monastery was added to the church, which was demolished in the 1960s when Via XII Ottobre was opened up as part of urban planning for the construction of the Piccapietra business center. After the canonization of the founder of the Camillians (1746), his name was added to the title of the church. Under the laws suppressing religious orders of the early 19th century, it became the property of the city of Genoa in 1866 and was again entrusted to the Camillians, who still officiate here. The church was damaged by bombing during World War II and rebuilt in the 1950s.

The building's plan is a Greek cross with a large octagonal dome and a bell tower with a rectangular base. Inside there are frescoes by Gregorio De Ferrari and his son Lorenzo from the 18th century, including the cycle Triumph of the Cross , as well as paintings by Lorenzo De Ferrari, GB Baiardo and Valerio Castello. The fresco in the dome represents an architectural system with twisted columns and comes from the quadraturist Francesco Maria Costa (1672–1736).

Santa Marta

La chiesa di Santa Marta

The Santa Marta Church is located in the square of the same name, in the immediate vicinity of Piazza Corvetto and Via Roma. Today the district is almost completely overwhelmed by urban development and for this reason it is hardly known to the Genoese. It can be reached from Piazza Corvetto via a staircase that leads to the side entrance, or through a house passage in Largo Eros Lanfranco, in front of the prefecture building or even from the shopping center in Via XII Ottobre ..

The church in its current form dates from the 16th century, but already in 1133 there was a church dedicated to Saint Germano, which was built by the Humiliates. Rebuilt in 1535 and dedicated to Saint Martha, the facade shows a cornice with an arched frieze from the 14th century. The baroque interior has the typical architecture of women's convent churches with three naves and a raised choir with two stands along the walls. Between the 17th and 18th centuries, it was richly decorated by the best Genoese artists of the time, such as Giovanni Battista Carlone , Valerio Castello, Lorenzo De Ferrari, Domenico Fiasella , Carlo Giuseppe Ratti, Domenico and Paolo Gerolamo Piola. On the main altar is a marble statue of Saint Martha in Gloria by Filippo Parodi and a crucifix by Giovan Francesco Gaggini.

After the dissolution of the Order of the Humiliates, ordered by Pope Pius V in 1571 , the nuns stayed in the monastery, but adopted the rules of the Benedictines . With the suppression of 1797, the nuns had to leave the monastery, which was converted into apartments, while the church was used as a warehouse until 1826. After it reopened for worship, it was entrusted to the Operai Evangelici by Cardinal Luigi Lambruschini , who still run it today. With the handover of Via Roma and the Galleria Mazzini in 1873, the complex was completely surrounded by new buildings.

With the urban planning measures for the construction of the Piccapietra business center, the monastery was almost completely destroyed except for the chapter house , which housed the Biblioteca Franzoniana from 1965 to 1996. The library has been located in the 17th century complex of the Madre di Dio since 2008 .

Convent of Sant'Andrea

Convent of Sant'Andrea

The cloister of the monastery of Sant'Andrea, which was demolished in 1904, was rebuilt on a small green area next to the Columbus House . In the Romanesque style, from the 12th century, with a rectangular floor plan, the cloister consists of columns that are connected to each other on the sides and in groups of six at the corners. The capitals are decorated with plants and animal motifs. The elements were salvaged by the architect Alfredo d'Andrade and installed on this site in 1924.

Military architecture

The wall

The quarter, as already mentioned once outside the Barbarossa walls (12th century), was then incorporated into the walls of the 14th century. What is left of the latter and was later modified in the 16th century delimits today's Portoria district from the area of ​​S. Vincenzo, while only the Porta Soprana of the oldest city wall remains.

  • Barbarossa Wall (12th century). The Barbarossa Walls, erected in 1155, were joined to the earlier walls near the Porta Soprana (which was already part of the Carolingian walls), led over the hills of S. Andrea and Piccapietra to the Gate of San Germano (or Acquasola), which is at today's Piazza Corvetto. In this section was the Gate of Saint Egidio, which was demolished in the 17th century for the construction of Via Giulia and Porta Aurea (now Piazza Piccapietra), the remains of which disappeared in the 1960s. The section of the wall on the hill of S. Andrea that still existed at the end of the 19th century disappeared in 1904 with the construction work for the expansion of the Piazza De Ferrari.
  • Walls from the 16th century. The 14th century walls, later rebuilt in the 16th century but kept the same course, encompass the section from Bastion Acquasola to Ponte Monumentale. This section of the wall, over which the current Corso A. Podestà runs, which leads over the XX Settembre and the Ponte Monumentale, is still well preserved. The openings were the gate of Acquasola (which disappeared with the construction of Piazza Corvetto), Olivella (also known as S. Caterina) that connected the village of Piccapietra, the heart of the old Portoria, with S. Vicenzo via the Salita della Tosse, and finally the main gate, the Porta degli Archi or by S. Stefano, which was removed during the renovation in the 16th century and is now the Ponte Monumentale.

Porta Soprana

The towers of the Porta Soprana

Located on the border between the Portoria and Molo districts, the outside is in Piazza Dante. It was one of the main gates of the medieval city wall "Barbarossa" and is located on the summit of Sant 'Andrea. Already included in the previous city wall, it was remodeled in an impressive form with the two horseshoe-shaped towers. From the 14th century, when the gate lost its strategic importance with the construction of a new outer wall, residential houses were built near its towers. In the 1890s, the archway and the north tower were restored by Alfredo d'Andrade, then director of the " Sovrintendenza di Belle Arti ". In 1938, under the direction of Orlando Grosso, the south tower was also restored, which until then had been integrated into a building. The architecture is reminiscent of the gates of the late Roman Empire, with a pointed arch between two semi-cylindrical towers crowned by a battlement .

Porta degli Archi (or dell'Arco)

It was built in 1539 according to a design by Giovanni Maria Olgiati, decorated on the outside with Doric travertine columns and a statue of Stephen by Taddeo Carlone. After the construction of Via XX Settembre and the construction of the Ponte Monumentale, it was dismantled in 1896 and rebuilt on the Mura del Prato, in Via R. Banderali, in the area of ​​Carignano. A memorial plaque reminds of the relocation of the gate system.

“Questa porta, disegnata da GM Olgiato, decorava il varco orientale delle Mura Cittadine del 1536. Fu demolita per sostituirvi il Ponte Monumentale e qui ricomposta per deliberazione della Giunta Municipale. 10 giugno 1896 '”

“This door, designed by GM Olgiato, adorned the eastern gate of the city walls from 1536. It was demolished, replaced by the Ponte Monumentale, and reassembled here by decision of the city council. June 10, 1896 "

Porta dell'Olivella

Porta dell'Olivella

The Porta dell'Olivella, near the Church of Santo Stefano, was part of the 14th century walls. With the reorganization of the 16th century, the door of the arch was replaced and remained closed for a long time and only reopened around 1825 when the Acquasola Park was created. The father of Christopher Columbus , Domenico, had lived near this gate, within the walls . This house was demolished at the end of the 15th century to build the Pammatone hospital, where the famous navigator was born in 1451.

Infrastructure and traffic

Highway

The closest motorway exit is Genoa-Ost on the A12 Genoa– Livorno autostrada , which is about 5 km away in the Staglieno district.

railroad

The Genova Brignole railway station is about 1 km from Piazza De Ferrari removed.

Local public transport

  • Metro . The district is served by the metro station De Ferrari of the Metropolitana di Genova , which was the eastern terminus until the opening of Brignole station in December 2012. There is also the Corvetto station building , which is located between the De Ferrari and Brignole stations and which should be opened in connection with them. However, some economic problems prompted those responsible to postpone the completion of the work and the subsequent opening to a date to be set. Currently (December 2017) the station buildings are used to ventilate the line.
  • Bus . Numerous urban bus routes of the AMT are located in the Piazza De Ferrari or cross the district and connect it to Sampierdarena , to the east, Val Bisagno and the hilly areas above.

Airport

Hospitals

literature

  • Liguria . In: Guida d'Italia . TCI , Milan 2009 (Italian).
  • Fiorella Caraceni Poleggi: Genova . In: Guida Sagep . SAGEP Editrice - Automobile Club di Genova, 1984 (Italian).
  • Goffredo Casalis: Dizionario geografico, storico, statistico e commerciale degli stati di SM il Re di Sardegna . G. Maspero, Turin 1840 (Italian).
  • Stefano Finauri: Forti di Genova: storia, tecnica e architettura dei fortini difensivi . Edizioni Servizi Editoriali, Genoa 2007, ISBN 978-88-89384-27-5 (Italian).
  • A. Torti: Vie di Portoria . Edizione Samizdat, Genoa 1996 (Italian, doczz.it ).
  • Alfredo Preste, Alessandro Torti, Remo Viazzi: Sei itinerari in Portoria . Edizione Samizdat, Genoa 1997 (Italian, ortidicarignano.it [PDF]).

Web links

Commons : Portoria  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Il Sestiere di Portoria ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it.
  2. ↑ a b c Comune di Genova - Ufficio Statistica, Atlante demografico della città, July 2008.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i A. Torti: Vie di Portoria . Edizione Samizdat, Genoa 1996 (Italian, doczz.it ).
  4. ↑ In addition to the actual area of ​​San Vincenzo, also the historical sestiere of Portoria.
  5. ↑ a b Population development on December 31, 2016 ( it , pdf)
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Liguria . In: Guida d'Italia . Touring Club Italiano, 2009.
  7. ↑ Vico dei Tintori ( it ) www.viedigenova.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2012.
  8. ^ "La mia gente", Il Secolo XIX , Genova, 1983
  9. ↑ Storia e immagini dell'ospedale sul sito dedicato alle statue dei benefattori ( it )
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Alfredo Preste, Alessandro Torti, Remo Viazzi: Sei itinerari in Portoria . Edizione Samizdat, Genoa 1997 (Italian, ortidicarignano.it [PDF]).
  11. ↑ Storia dell'ospedale sul sito www.isegretideivicolidigenova.com
  12. ↑ Storia degli ospedali genovesi ( it ) www.libertaepersona.org.
  13. ↑ Cartolina d'epoca raffigurante il cortile interno e una corsia dell'ospedale all'inizio del Novecento ( it )
  14. ↑ Galleria di immagini realizzate nell'immediato dopoguerra e durante la fase di demolizione ( it )
  15. ↑ Ettore Costa: Descrizione di Genova e del Genovesato . Tipografia Ferrando, Genoa 1846 (Italian).
  16. ↑ a b c Storia della rivolta del 5 dicembre 1746 ( it ) owww.carabinieri.it.
  17. ↑ The revolt spread throughout the city and had to be abandoned by the occupiers. In April of the following year they returned and besieged Genoa without being able to penetrate, but caused severe devastation in neighboring countries until they were finally driven back in July 1747.
  18. ↑ Images and messages from panels and various artifacts, including that of Portoria ( it ) www.isegretideivicolidigenova.com.
  19. ↑ Note sul monumento a Balilla e biografia dell'autore ( it )
  20. ^ A. Neri: Poetry Storiche Genovesi . 1885.
  21. ↑ F. Donaver: Storia di Genova . 1890.
  22. ↑ La diramazione dell'acquedotto detta "delle Fucine" ( it )
  23. ↑ image of the demolition work on the hill of Morcento; in the center you can still see the former prison of S. Andrea, which like all the surrounding houses will soon be demolished. .
  24. ↑ Photo gallery with pictures of the demolition work in the 1960s . Publifoto Genova.
  25. ^ Authors Pesce and De Santis (1963).
  26. ↑ Text of Piccon dagghe cianin with a translation into Italian .
  27. ↑ M. Leone, La leggenda dei vicoli.
  28. ↑ Ma se ghe penso / Piccon dagghe cianin (Fonit Cetra, SP 1644)
  29. ↑ Modern "column of shame" on the Piazza Sarzano, to remind in polemical tones of the disappeared quarters of the old town of Genoa . Archived from the original on July 16, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 22, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.genovacards.com
  30. ↑ a b Biography of Dario Carbone ( it ) Enciclopedia Treccani .
  31. ↑ The village got its name from the many stonemasons and masons, immigrants, especially from Lombardy , who had settled there.
  32. ↑ Fiorella Caraceni Poleggi: Genova . In: Guida Sagep . SAGEP Editrice - Automobile Club di Genova, 1984 (Italian).
  33. ↑ a b c d e f g h Via XX Settembre ( it ) www.liguri.net. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 22, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.liguri.net
  34. ↑ a b c d e f g h Via XX Settembre ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it.
  35. ^ Image of the construction site of Via XX Settembre .
  36. ↑ Passaggio a Nord Ovest - Underground tunnel under Genoa, Rai-documentary by Alberto Angela ..
  37. ↑ Il parco dell'Acquasola ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it.
  38. ↑ Article from November 25, 2011 ( it ) comune di Genova.
  39. ↑ Il progetto del parcheggio dell'Acquasola ( it ) Archived from the original on May 4, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 22, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.acquasolapark.it
  40. ↑ Il parco dell'Acquasola ( it ) www.irolli.it.
  41. ↑ The Theater ( it )
  42. ^ Associazione Culturale Porta Soprana ( it )
  43. ^ Biography of Cesare Gamba ( it ) SIUSA.
  44. ↑ Il Ponte Monumentale ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it/.
  45. ↑ Il Ponte Monumentale ( it ) www.liguri.net/. Archived from the original on 20110518.
  46. ↑ Torre Piacentini ( en ) www.emporis.com.
  47. ↑ Website of the television station Primocanale ( it )
  48. ↑ Torre Dante 2 ( it ) http://skyscraperpage.com/ .
  49. ↑ Pictures of the Palace of Justice with the salvaged parts of the old hospital .
  50. ↑ Photos of the Palazzo di Giustizia . Secolo XIX .
  51. ^ Biography of Adolfo Coppedè ( it ) Enciclopedia Treccani .
  52. ↑ Inside of the Palazzo della Borsa on a historical photo .
  53. ↑ Today in the former seminary of the clergy at the foot of the hill of Carignano.
  54. ↑ a b The Church of S. Stefano ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it.
  55. ^ The Church of S. Stefano ( it ) Arcidiocesi di Genova. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
  56. ↑ Contemporary photo showing the two churches .
  57. ↑ Historical news and a gallery of images of the Church of S. Stefano ( it )
  58. ↑ The Church of S. Caterina ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it.
  59. ↑ Il Museo dei Beni Culturali Cappuccini ( it ) www.museidigenova.it. Archived from the original on April 1, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 22, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museidigenova.it
  60. ↑ La chiesa del Gesù ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it.
  61. ↑ La chiesa del Gesù ( it ) www.irolli.it.
  62. ↑ The painting of the Assumption by Guido Reni ( it ) www.fosca.unige.it.
  63. ↑ Evidenced by a plaque dated December 19, 1600, which is kept in the sacristy .
  64. ^ La chiesa di S. Camillo ( it ) Soprintendenza per i Beni Architettonici e Paesaggistici della Liguria. Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 8, 2019. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sbapge.liguria.beniculturali.it
  65. ↑ a b Details of the Church of S. Camillo ( it ) www.irolli.it.
  66. ↑ Article on the restoration of the Santa Marta Church of April 20, 2002 ( it ) Repubblica .
  67. ↑ La chiesa di Santa Marta ( it ) www.irolli.it.
  68. ↑ a b Storia della Biblioteca Franzoniana di Genova ( IT , PDF)
  69. ↑ La porta Aurea ( it ) libero.it. Porta Aurea . publifoto.net. Two photos of the Porta Aurea before the demolition.
  70. ↑ Pictures and curiosities of the old streets of Genoa ( it ) www.isegretideivicolidigenova.com.
  71. ^ Image of the Ponte Monumentale under construction next to the Porti degli Archi, which is still in its place and waiting to be moved to Via Banderali ( it ) libero.it.

Coordinates: 44 ° 24 '  N , 8 ° 56'  E