11 e regiment de cuirassiers

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie
11 e régiment de cuirassiers

Insigne régimentaire du 11e Régiment de Cuirassiers.jpg

Internal association badge
active 1652 to 1999
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces cavalry
Branch of service Cuirassiers
Type regiment
Location Lille
Patron saint St. George
motto You Carabinier au Leclerc ... Toujours au chemin de l'honneur
Awards Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with two palm branches
Croix de guerre 1939–1945
commander
commander last: Colonel Jean-Jacques Bart
Standard of Royal-Roussillon (obverse)

The Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie (last as 11 e régiment de cuirassiers ) was a regiment of heavy cavalry, established in the Kingdom of France during the Ancien Régime .

Lineup and significant changes

  • October 13, 1652: Establishment of the Régiment de Montclar-Catalan cavalerie
  • April 18, 1661: released except for the personal company
  • December 7, 1665: regiment reorganized
  • January 10, 1668: Division of the regiment, four companies surrendered
  • April 1, 1668: Renamed the Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie
  • December 1, 1761: incorporation of the Régiment de Balincourt cavalerie
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 11 e régiment de cavalerie
  • September 24, 1803: Conversion into a cuirassier regiment: 11 e régiment de cuirassiers
  • December 18, 1815: Dissolution - incorporation of the staff into the Cuirassiers d'Orléans regiment
  • The date of the later recovery is not known.
  • 1917: conversion into a cavalry rifle regiment and renamed 11 e régiment de cuirassiers à pied (11th Cuirassier walk) and allocation to one he division de cavalerie à pied (1st Cavalry Division walk)
  • 1940: dissolution
  • 1944: re-erection
  • 1999: Integration into the reinforced "1 er - 11 e régiment de cuirassiers"

Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade

Mestre de camp was the rank designation for the regimental owner and / or the actual commander. Should the Mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (e.g. the king or queen), the command was given to the Mestre de camp lieutenant (or Mestre de camp en second). The name Colonel was used from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803, from 1793 to 1803 the name Chef de brigade was used . From 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

  • April 1, 1668: Joseph de Pons de Guimera, baron de Montclar
  • 23 August 1675: Marquis de Montfort
  • August 29, 1693: Jean-Baptiste Gaston de Choiseul, comte d'Hostel, then marquis de Praslin
  • January 29, 1702: De Bullion, marquis de Bonnelles
  • 1706: De Chemereuil
  • September 22, 1706: Jean-Baptiste François de Joanne de La Carre, comte de Saumery
  • March 22, 1718: Louis-Charles-César Le Tellier , marquis de Courtenvaux then comte , then duc d'Estrées
  • April 16, 1738: Emmanuel , prince de Croï-Solre
  • May 1748: Louis Léon Félicité de Brancas, comte de Lauragais
  • August 3, 1758: Charles François César Le Tellier, marquis de Montmirail
  • December 24, 1764: Louis Joseph Le Tellier, marquis de Louvois
  • April 24, 1781: Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé , duc de Brissac
  • April 2, 1786: Antoine Louis, marquis de Wignacourt
  • July 25, 1791: Toussaint Joseph, chevalier de Lardemelle
  • June 10, 1792: François Ligonier
  • September 22, 1792: Jacques Auguste Michel Marie Clapiers de Collonges
  • September 16, 1794: Anne Marie Louis Guillot Desbordelières
  • November 20, 1801: Albert Louis Emmanuel Fouler
  • December 31, 1806: Antoine Constant Dioville Brancas († in the Battle of Wagram)
  • June 1, 1809: Pierre Alexis Duclaux
  • September 3, 1813: François Nicolas Lefebvre
  • 1814–1815: Colonel Gaspard Hug
  • April 13, 1815: Colonel Courtier
  • 1892: Colonel Delafont

((...))

  • 1947–1950: Colonel Bernard Madelin
  • 1991-1993: Colonel Sechet
  • 1993–1995: Colonel Jean-Claude Godart
  • 1995-1997: Colonel Lambert
  • 1997–1999: Colonel Jean-Jacques Bart

Uniformity

  • Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie 1740 to 1757

  • Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie 1757 to 1762

  • Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie 1762 to 1767

  • Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie 1767 to 1776

  • Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie 1776 to 1779

  • Régiment Royal-Roussillon cavalerie 1786 to 1791

  • 11 e Régiment de cavalerie 1791 (temporary)

  • 11 e régiment de cuirassiers of the Grande Armée , illustration by Carle Vernet from the series La grande armée de 1812

history

The regiment was involved in the following wars:

Franco-Spanish War

On October 13, 1652, the Baron de Montclair, a Catalan nobleman in French service, received a patent for the establishment of a cavalry regiment. The riders came from the eastern Pyrenees, the regiment was named "Régiment de Montclar-Catalan cavalerie" and was part of the "foreign cavalry". The following year it was assigned to the "Armée de Picardie" and was involved in the capture of Vervins, Rethel and Mouzon. In 1654 it stood with the siege troops of Stenay and Arras , in 1655 with Landrecies, Condé and Saint-Ghislain, and in 1656 with operations in the area around Valenciennes . In 1659 the regiment consisted of nine companies and was used in the siege of Montmédy , Saint-Venant , Ardres, and La Mothe.

On April 18, 1661, the "Régiment de Montclar-Catalan cavalerie" was dissolved except for the body company. This company served on December 7, 1665 as a trunk in the re-establishment of the regiment of four and then eight companies.

War of devolution

It served in the fighting in Flanders in 1667. On January 10, 1668, while preparing for relocation to Franche-Comté , the regiment was split up. Four companies remained in the old unit, the other four were used to set up the "Régiment de Bartillat cavalerie", which remained in Flanders. Back from Franche-Comté, it was reorganized in Lille on April 1 of the same year and incorporated into the French army as nine companies under the new name "Régiment de Royal-Roussillon cavalerie". Mestre de camp was now the king himself, Baron Montclar was made Mestre de camp lieutenant.

Dutch War

On February 4, 1672 the regiment was reduced to six companies and deployed in Holland. The wintering in 1673 took place in the Electorate of Cologne . In the same year Maastricht was enclosed and then the campaign under Maréchal Turenne to Brandenburg .

In 1674 the regiment went to the Franche-Comté for the second campaign and then took part in the battles near Eguisheim and Mulhouse under Turenne . 1675 Battle at Turckheim . It then continued to serve in Germany until the Peace of Nijmegen , without having been involved in any other important fighting. In 1681 the unit was transferred to a field camp in Upper Alsace , which it left with other troops in the same year to move to the Piémont , where Casal Cermelli was occupied.

Reunion War

Capture of Luxembourg

War of the Palatinate Succession

1688 Relocation to Germany with the siege of Philippsburg , Mannheim and Frankenthal .

1690 relocation to Flanders. Battle of Fleurus

1691 near Mons and battle near Leuze-en-Hainaut , 1692 siege of Namur and Charleroi, battle of Steenkerke

  • 1693 Battle of Neerzüge , here the Mestre de camp, the Marquis de Montfort, was fatally wounded in an attack at the head of the Carabiniers company.

The regiment remained for the two following campaigns in the Spanish Netherlands with a battle near Boneffe in 1695. It ended the war in the “Armée du Rhin” (Rhine Army). In 1698 it was in the Compiègne camp .

War of the Spanish Succession

In December 1700 the transfer to Italy took place, where the unit was involved in the fighting at Carpi and Chiari the following year. She spent the winter in Cremona . In the battle of Cremona it could not distinguish itself - (Prince Eugene of Savoy completely surprised the French and was even able to capture the Maréchal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy .) The riders were more successful in the battle near Luzzara . They fought in the attack at Ostiglia and La Mirandola in 1703 and were in the siege of Vercelli , Ivrea and Verrue in 1704 . involved. The latter dragged on to 1705. In the same year the mestre de camp of the regiment of the Marquis de Praslin was fatally wounded in the battle of Cassano . His successor, the Marquis de Bonnelles, was wounded on November 6th in the battle near Asti. After the Battle of Turin in 1706, parts of the regiment were taken prisoner while escorting a convoy with the Mestre de camp near Piannezza.

In 1707, commanded back to the Rhine Army, the riders took part in all of Maréchal Villars' ventures in Franconia and Swabia . In 1708 the regiment was assigned to Flanders, where it was involved in the defeats in the Battle of Oudenaarde and the Battle of Malplaquet , as well as in the victory in the Battle of Denain .

1713 Siege of Freiburg im Breisgau and Landau (Pfalz) .

With the "Armée d'Espagne" (Spanish Army) the regiment Royal-Roussillon was involved in the capture of Fontarabie, San Sebastian , Urgell and Roses in 1719 . In 1727 it was in the camp on the Moselle and in 1730 on the Meuse. In 1733 it was detached to the "Armée du Rhin" and took part in the siege of Kehl , Philippsburg , Worms and in the battles near Ettlingen and Klausen. After the peace treaty, it was placed in garrison in Lille .

War of the Austrian Succession

With the beginning of the war in 1741, the Royal-Roussillon was assigned to the "Armée de la Meuse" (Maas Army). With this it operated in Westphalia and carried out clarifications in the province of Gelderland . In 1742 it marched in support of the "Armée de Bohême" (Army in Bohemia) with skirmishes at Ellenbogen and Kadaň . Participation in the siege of Prague . In 1743 the regiment was in Braunau am Inn and from here carries out reconnaissance in the area around Salzburg . It was then used as the rearguard when the French troops withdrew to the Rhine . It spent the following winter in Sedan , Donchery and Mouzon . The following years the regiment stood in Flanders and fought in:

Mestre de camp Prince de Croÿ-Solre

After this battle the king expressed his satisfaction to the regiment Royal-Roussillon and its chief, the Prince de Croÿ-Solre .

In the battle of Lauffeldt the riders destroyed four cannons and drove a Hessian regiment to flight. It was then ordered to siege Bergen op Zoom , where it repeatedly drove out detachments of enemy hussars . It spent the winter in Brussels and moved from there to the siege of Maastricht.

After the peace treaty, the regiment was garrisoned in Sarrebourg , Verdun and Vaucouleurs in 1751 , and in Landrecies in 1754 . It was then moved to Pont-Audemer and the Camp d'Aimeries. Further garrisons were Amiens and Châlons-sur-Marne in 1756, and Haguenau and Landau (Palatinate) in 1757. From there it took part in the campaign in Germany under Maréchal Estrees, marquis de Courtenvaux.

Seven Years War

Back in France in 1759, they moved into winter quarters in Louviers and the regiment was replenished. In the following year it returned to the army and then fought in the battle near Korbach , the battle near Warburg and the battle near Kampen monastery , and in 1761 in the battle near Vellinghausen .

On March 26, 1763, the disbanded Balincourt Regiment was incorporated. In that year Royal-Roussillon was garrisoned in Bourges and Cambrai, in 1764 in Niort and Auch , 1765 in Montauban , 1766 in Thionville , 1768 in Gray (Haute-Saône) , 1770 in Schlettstadt , 1771 in Saint-Mihiel , 1772 in Hesdin , 1774 in Fougères , 1776 in Sedan , 1778 in Clermont, 1779 in Charleville , 1780–1783 in Douai , 1783–1785 in Guise , 1785–1788 in Amiens , Maubeuge and Givet (Ardennes) , and 1788 in Saumur . From here in 1791 an escadron was posted to Vendôme and another to Saint-Jean-d'Angély .

Coalition wars

It remained in Italy until 1802, then returned to France and was reinforced by the incorporation of the 3rd Escadron of the dissolved "19 e régiment de cavalerie". This was followed by garrisons in Rouen , Évreux , Amiens , Abbeville , Aire-sur-la-Lys , Versailles and Landau (Palatinate).

The 11th Cuirassier Regiment near Friedland
  • Relocated to France in 1810 , it belonged to the 1st Cavalry Corps in 1811 and was in Thionville for the year.

Battle of Vauchamps and Battle of Laon

  • 1815: Campaign in Belgium with the 4th Reserve Cavalry Division

Second empire

In the Franco-Prussian War, the regiment fought in the Battle of Gravelotte and then went down in the turmoil of the French defeat.

1871 to 1914

Installed again in 1871.

First World War

1914-1916

As a cavalry association entrusted with various tasks

1917

After the horses were surrendered, the regiment was used as infantry.

Fight at Laffaux and Noyon .

1918

Second World War

Seat war

In February 1940, the "11 e régiment de cuirassiers" together with the 12 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval formed the "6 e brigade de cavalerie" (6th cavalry brigade), which in turn was part of the newly established "5 e division légère de cavalerie “(5th Light Cavalry Division) was.

According to plan, the "5 e DLC" should cross the Ardennes and join the 2nd Army. The regiment was assigned to the division's eastern group.

When the war broke out, the regiment was in Sedan. As long as it lasted, it fought as much as it could and, after the armistice on June 22, 1940, was stationed in Lyon as part of the army of the Vichy regime . After the occupation of the previously unoccupied zone by the Germans in 1942, it was dissolved.

It was secretly rebuilt by the Maquis in Vercors under the commandant Geyer la Thivollet as a troop of the Resistance . It is worth mentioning the participation in the bloody battles at Vassieux in June 1944. When France was liberated, the regiment was officially set up again and was involved in the fighting, for example in the "1 re division française libre" (1st Free French Division) in the 1st Army of Général de Lattre de Tassigny .

post war period

In 1952 the "11 e régiment de cuirassiers" was garrisoned in the Vienot district in Orange .

  • 1st and 2nd (light) Escadron equipped with M24 Chaffee ,
  • 3. Escadron equipped with M4 Sherman A1 E 8,
  • 4. Escadron at Camp des Garrigues in Nîmes , with M4A1E8 .

The 4th Escadron was the first to be fitted with the AMX-13 tank destroyer in 1954 . The 1st and 2nd Escadron received the EBR-75 reconnaissance tank at the same time

Cuirassiers for the 2007 parade

During the reformation of the land forces in 1999, the armored combat units were reduced. The 1 er régiment de cuirassiers and the “11 e régiment de cuirassiers” were merged to form the reinforced “1 er - 11 e régiment de cuirassiers”. At the same time it was equipped with the Leclerc tank . The tradition of the regiment was continued by the “Group d'escadrons du 11 e cuirassiers”, which was part of the new association . In 2009 this restructuring was reversed. The "1 er - 11 e régiment de cuirassiers" was dissolved and the staff used to re-establish the 4 e régiment de dragons .

Furnishing

Standards

The regiment carried up to six standards made of blue silk during the Ancien Régime . In the center the sun, above the king's currency ribbon, lilies. All parts are embroidered in gold, as are the fringes made of gold.

11th regiment de cuirassiers

Inscriptions on the last standard carried

The outstanding battles and campaigns in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters on the standard : It is the only standard or flag of the French army that bears the inscription "VERCORS 1943–1944".

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with the olive of the Croix de guerre 1939–1945.

Last garrison

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Order of December 1, 1761, État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , p. 380.
  2. ↑ Foreign units in French service, which, however, were not formally part of the French army
  3. ^ Jean-Yves Mary “Le corridor des Panzers” (Par delà la Meuse 10-15 May 1940) Editions Heimdal Bayeux 2009 ISBN 2-84048-270-3 .
  4. ↑ The barracks of the armored forces are called "Quartier" in France
  5. ↑ one of the two tank groups, each with three escadrons
  6. ↑ Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  7. ↑ n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 septembre 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, numéro 27, 9 novembre 2007 Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952-1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot -Marie (regulation no. 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 regulates the inscriptions on the standards of the troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply service (Service des essences des armées). The basis is the “Bulletin officiel des armées », numéro 27, 9 November 2007)

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer (Depuis novembre 1737, jusqu'en décembre 1738) , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739 (fr.)
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , par MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762 (fr.)
  • Chronique historique-militaire , Pinard, tomes 3, 4, 5 et 7, Paris 1761, 1761, 1762 et 1764
  • Général de brigade Philippe Peress 31, rue Hoche 49400 Saumur . (fr.)
  • Musée des Blindés ou Association des Amis du Musée des Blindés 1043, route de Fontevraud, 49400 Saumur. (fr.)

Web links