David Petraeus

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David H. Petraeus (2011)

David Howell Petraeus [ pɨˈtreɪ.əs ] (born November 7, 1952 in Cornwall-on-Hudson , Orange County , New York ) was director of the CIA from summer 2011 to November 9, 2012 and previously an officer in the United States Army , most recently in Rank of a four-star general . He resigned a few days after the 2012 US presidential election in the wake of the Petraeus affair that was named after him .

Petraeus was among other things since 2002 for several years in the war in Iraq and the occupation of Iraq from 2003 to 2011 used in a leading position last from October 2008 to June 2010 as commander of the US forces in Iraq and parent in Afghanistan US Central Command and then until July 2011 as commander of the US Forces Afghanistan and the ISAF . In these functions, he was considered to be the leader behind the reorientation of the US armed forces towards counterinsurgency , which resulted in a new operational doctrine .

Life

Childhood, family and education

Petraeus was born to a Dutch-American family. His father Sixtus (1915-2008) was a captain who emigrated to the United States after World War II . His mother was Miriam Sweet Howell (1912-1991). After Petraeus graduated from Cornwall Central High School , he went to the US Military Academy at West Point at the age of 18 . He graduated from this in 1974 as the tenth of his class, received his officer license on June 5, 1974 and was then trained as an infantry officer. In 1974, two months after graduation, he married Hollister "Holly" Knowlton, daughter of former General William A. Knowlton , who was then Superintendent of the Academy. They have a son and a daughter.

Military career

First years of service

After the Academy Petraeus in May 1975 as the platoon leader of a platoon as well as logistics ( S-4 ) and used personnel officer (S-1). He was transferred to the 509th US Airborne Battalion in Vicenza , Italy , and left it again in 1979, after he had been promoted to First Lieutenant on August 8, 1976 and Captain on August 8, 1978 . From 1979 to 1982, Petraeus served in various roles in the 24th Infantry Division in Fort Stewart , Georgia . From January 1979 to July of the same year he served as assistant operations officer on the staff of the Division's 2nd Brigade ; from July 1979 to May 1981 he took over the post of company commander of A Company , 2nd Battalion , 19th US Infantry Regiment of the division and then served as an operations officer (S-3) of the same battalion. From May 1981, he served for a year as an adjutant to the commander of the 24th Infantry Division. He left the division in May 1982 and completed by June 1983, the United States Army Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth , Kansas , which he top of his gear and as the winner of after George C. Marshall named George C. Marshall Award graduated .

From June 1983 to June 1985 Petraeus studied at Princeton University in New Jersey ; on August 1, 1985, he was promoted to major . He graduated with a Masters in Public Administration and served from July 1985 to June 1987 as an instructor and then as Assistant Professor of International Relations at the Institute of Social Sciences at the United States Military Academy at West Point.

In 1987 he received his PhD in International Relations from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University . His doctoral thesis, The American Military and the Lessons of Vietnam, deals with the influence of the Vietnam War on military thinking when it comes to the use of troops.

Staff and first command uses

Petraeus as Major General (2004)

From June 1987 to June 1988 he served as the military assistant to Supreme Allied Commander Europe John R. Galvin at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Belgium . He then continued to serve in Europe. From June 1988 to June 1989 he served as Operations Officer (S-3) of the 2nd Battalion, 30th US Infantry Regiment and then until August 1989 as S-3 of the 1st Brigade, 3rd US Infantry Division of the 7th US Army in Germany.

Back in the United States, he served as Secretary and Executive Assistant to Chief of Staff of the Army Carl Vuono at US Army Headquarters in Washington from August 1989 to August 1991 . After promotion to Lieutenant Colonel on April 1, 1991, Petraeus was transferred to Fort Campbell , Kentucky , and commanded the 3rd Battalion, 187th US Infantry Regiment , 101st Airborne Division there from August 1991 to July 1993 . He then served as the Division's Operations, Planning, Training and Mobilization (G-3) director for a year from July 1993.

In addition, he completed a research fellowship at Georgetown University from August 1994 to January 1995 , which was shortened in January 1995 by a deployment as head of operations of the UN troops in Haiti during Operation Uphold Democracy . In this position he was then promoted to Colonel on September 1, 1995 ; in June 1995 he took command of the 1st Brigade of the 82nd Airborne Division in Fort Bragg , North Carolina for two years .

Petraeus at a hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee (2007)

Petraeus was injured twice on duty, once in 1991 during a realistic exercise and the other time in 2000 during a hard parachute landing in which he broke his pelvis.

In June 1997 he was transferred back to the Department of Defense , where he served as executive assistant to the director of the Joint Staff and then from October 1997 the assistant to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Henry H. Shelton . In August 1999 Petraeus returned to Fort Bragg and served first as assistant division commander for operations in the 82nd Airborne Division and from August to September 1999 at the same time as commander of the Combined Joint Task Force Kuwait during Operation Desert Spring . During this time he was promoted to Brigadier General on January 1, 2000 and then served temporarily as acting commander of the division from July to August 2000.

After this assignment he served from August 2000 to June 2001 under Dan K. McNeill as chief of staff of the superior XVIII. US Airborne Corps , also at Fort Bragg. During this time he had the above-mentioned skydiving accident.

Uses after September 11, 2001

Petraeus with General Peter J. Schoomaker in Iraq (2003)

In June 2001, Petraeus assumed duties as Assistant Chief of Staff for SFOR operations in Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina , during Operation Joint Forge for one year under the command of Lieutenant General John B. Sylvester, and at the same time served as Deputy Commander of the US Joint Interagency Counter- Terrorism Task Force - Bosnia , established after September 11, 2001 as the US Forces Counter Terrorism Command in Bosnia.

Commander 101st Airborne Division Mosul

Petraeus was promoted to Major General on January 1, 2003 , and commanded the 101st US Airborne Division from July 2002 to May 2004 . He led the division including around 18,000 soldiers. a. in the Iraq war (Operation Iraqi Freedom ) when taking Mosul and, after the defeat of Saddam Hussein's regime, took on the difficult task of establishing and training the new Iraqi security forces. He sent his 18,000 soldiers among the people and quickly took care of the reconstruction in order to win the sympathy of the population. Within ten months, his units had got 4,500 projects under way, the city's schools and universities were up and running again, and there was some sort of police force again. He also relied on a compromise with the disempowered cadres of the Baath Party . Mosul was soon seen as a model town. To accomplish this task, he was promoted to Lieutenant General on May 18, 2004 and took over command of the Multi-National Security Transition Command Iraq from June 2004 to September 2005 as the first . At the same time, he was in charge of the NATO Training Command - Iraq from October 2004 to September 2005 . The situation changed dramatically when the 101st Airborne Division withdrew in February 2004 and the military command sent only half as many troops to Mosul. Mosul sank into chaos; the police established by Petraeus disbanded under the onslaught of extremists. In 2008, after the troops' hasty withdrawal, Mosul was considered the most dangerous city in Iraq. Petraeus learned from this and created the Counterinsurgency strategy . As a result of this, the troops in Iraq were increased by 30,000 men.

General Petraeus in a market in Baghdad in March 2007

On his return to the United States, he took command of the US Army Combined Arms Center (CAC) in Fort Leavenworth , Kansas on October 20, 2005 . The CAC is the supreme command of the Command and General Staff College and 17 other schools, centers and training programs of the US Army. During this time he was u. a. - together with Lieutenant General James N. Mattis - responsible for the creation of the field manual 3-24 (new operational doctrine). This manual was the US Army’s new counterinsurgency policy. When it was announced in December 2006 that General John Abizaid had resigned from the post of Commander-in-Chief of US Central Command , et al. a. Petraeus and George W. Casey, Jr. were considered to be the most promising candidates for the post , in charge of the Middle East .

Commander Multi-National Force Iraq

Casey and Petraeus handing over command (February 10, 2007)

In January 2007, it was announced that Petraeus would succeed Casey as Commander of the Multi-National Force Iraq , in conjunction with his promotion to four-star general . This nomination was confirmed by the Armed Services Committee of the US Senate on January 26, 2007. Petraeus finally took command of Casey on February 10, 2007. Until he took over command, the American mission in Iraq seemed to have failed. Since the summer of 2007, violence and terror in Iraq have decreased markedly.

With the resignation of Admiral William J. Fallon as Commander in Chief of US Central Command (USCENTCOM), this post was unexpectedly vacant in March 2008. Petraeus was nominated as Fallon's successor in April and was confirmed by the US Senate in July . Therefore, General Raymond T. Odierno took over Petraeus' post on September 16, 2008 as commander of the Multi-National Force Iraq . On October 31, 2008, Petraeus finally took over command of USCENTCOM at MacDill Air Force Base in Florida from Interim Commander Martin Dempsey .

Commander of ISAF in Afghanistan

On June 25, 2010, Petraeus was nominated for the post of commander of the ISAF and thus to succeed General Stanley A. McChrystal after the latter was made about US President in an article in Rolling Stone magazine because of the derogatory remarks about the Obama administration Obama had said he had been removed from office. The US Senate unanimously confirmed Petraeus' appointment as commander on June 30th. Thereupon Petraeus took over the command of the ISAF on July 2, 2010 in Kabul . On July 18, 2011, Petraeus passed ISAF command over to his successor, US Marines General John R. Allen .

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

The previous CIA Director Leon Panetta was appointed Secretary of Defense on July 1, 2011 to succeed Robert Gates .

After he was retired from the US Army on August 31, 2011 after 37 years of service , Petraeus was sworn in on September 6, 2011 in the White House .

Petraeus with Paula Broadwell in July 2011.

On November 8, 2012, a few days after the US presidential election , he submitted a resignation from office, which President Obama accepted on November 9, 2012. Petraeus had previously been traded as a candidate for ministerial office in President Obama's second term. Petraeus cited an extramarital affair with his biographer Paula Broadwell as the reason for the resignation . Adultery is prohibited by the US military and can be punished. More important, however, were allegations of betrayal of secrecy against Broadwell, to whom he had given insight into secret documents as part of the biography she wrote about him. Michael Morell took over his office provisionally . Petraeus was sentenced to a two-year suspended sentence and $ 100,000 fine after an admission of guilt in 2015.

Work for private equity investment company

Petraeus has been working for the holding company Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) since May 2013 . There he is Chairman of the KKR Global Institute, whose tasks include the preparation of studies and analyzes.

Awards

Selection of decorations, sorted based on the Order of Precedence of the Military Awards:

Publications

  • Lessons of History and Lessons of Vietnam . In: Parameters. Journal of the US Army War College. 16, no. 3 (1986), pp. 43-53.
  • With William J. Taylor: The Legacy of Vietnam for the US Military . In: George K. Osborn, Asa A. Clark, Daniel J. Kaufman, Douglas E. Lute (Eds.): Democracy, Strategy and Vietnam. Implications for American Policymaking. Lexington Books, Lexington, Mass. 1987, ISBN 0-669-16340-6 .
  • With John A. Nagl and David Howell: The US Army / Marine Corps counterinsurgency field manual. US Army field manual no. 3-24. University of Chicago Press, Chicago a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-0-226-84151-9 .

literature

Web links

Commons : David Petraeus  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Sebastian Fischer, Max Gebauer: Spiegel Online on November 10, 2012: The deep fall of the great general. Retrieved November 10, 2012 .
  2. ^ Christian Wernicke: Süddeutsche Zeitung online on November 10, 2012: bewildered after the resignation of the CIA chief. Retrieved November 10, 2012 .
  3. ↑ cf. Fick, Nathaniel C .; Nagl, John A .: Field Manual: Afghanistan Edition ( July 18, 2014 memento on the Internet Archive ), in: ForeignPolicy.com , January 5, 2009. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  4. ↑ cf. Andrew J. Bacevich : The Petraeus Doctrine , in: The Atlantic Online , October 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  5. ↑ New Iraq commander is Cornwall's favorite son ( Times-Herald Record of January 11, 2007; English)
  6. ^ Hollister Knowlton Betrothed To David H. Petraeus, a Cadet . In: The New York Times , May 12, 1974, pp. GN57. 
  7. ^ NZZ : General Petraeus is compared with Eisenhower April 13, 2008.
  8. ↑ zeit.de: Post on the go. Ladurner's blog for insights into confusing landscapes. The light figure Petraeus covered the failure of the world power USA
  9. ↑ Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency ( Federation of American Scientists ; PDF document; English; 13.2 MB)
  10. ↑ Abizaid plans to leave post in March (The Boston Globe, December 20, 2006; English)
  11. ↑ Bush to Name a New General to Oversee Iraq ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( The New York Times, January 5, 2007; English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / select.nytimes.com
  12. ↑ New US general will copy British 'softly-softly' style (Timesonline.co.uk January 11, 2007; English)
  13. ↑ Senate confirms new top general for Iraq ( Memento of January 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (CNN of January 26, 2007; English) (archived at Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Petraeus: Iraq doomed if forces don't cooperate ( Memento of February 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) ( Marine Corps Times of February 10, 2007; English)
  15. ↑ Weltwoche : It's about the most fundamental questions ( memento of the original from January 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Edition 01/2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.weltwoche.ch
  16. ↑ Gen. Petraeus named as next commander of Mideast command ( The Seattle Times, April 24, 2008; English)
  17. ↑ Petraeus-Odierno Team Nominated to Lead in CentCom, Iraq (DefenseLink.mil of April 23, 2008; English)
  18. ↑ Senate unanimously in favor of sending Petraeus ( Spiegel Online from June 30, 2010)
  19. ↑ Petraeus vacates the command post. Spiegel Online, July 18, 2011, accessed July 18, 2011 .
  20. ↑ General David Petraeus moves to the CIA. RP Online, September 1, 2011, accessed September 3, 2011 .
  21. ↑ Petraeus sworn in as the new CIA chief. In: ORF . September 6, 2011, accessed September 6, 2011 .
  22. ↑ Key figure of the Petraeus affair - only society lady or a case for the CIA? ( Memento from November 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ^ NBC on November 9, 2012: CIA Director David Petraeus resigns, cites extramarital affair. Retrieved November 10, 2012 . Tagesschau online on November 10, 2012: CIA boss Petraeus resigns. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012 ; Retrieved November 10, 2012 .
  24. ↑ SPIEGELonline: $ 40,000 fine: Ex-CIA boss Petraeus averts the trial. Retrieved March 3, 2015 .
  25. ↑ SPIEGELonline: David Petraeus affair: Ex-CIA boss convicted of treason. Retrieved April 27, 2015 .
  26. ↑ DIE WELT: Betrayal of secrets: Ex-CIA chief sentenced to suspended sentence. Retrieved April 27, 2015 .
  27. ^ Spiegel Online on May 31, 2013: Ex-CIA boss Petraeus hires at KKR . Retrieved November 17, 2013
  28. ↑ David H. Petraeus Chairman of the KKR Global Institute ( September 17, 2013 memento in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved November 17, 2013
  29. ^ KKR Global Institute ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved November 17, 2013
personal data
SURNAME Petraeus, David
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Petraeus, David Howell (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American military, general in the US Army, director of the CIA
DATE OF BIRTH November 7, 1952
PLACE OF BIRTH Cornwall-on-Hudson , New York