Schymkent
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Shymkent
Шымкент |
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| Basic data | |||
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| State : |
 Kazakhstan
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| Founded : | 12th Century | ||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 19 ' N , 69 ° 35' E | ||
| Height : | 506 m | ||
| Area : | 1,162.8 km² | ||
| Residents : | 1,038,152 (Jan 1, 2020) | ||
| Population density : | 893 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Time zone : | EKST ( UTC + 6 ) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+7) 7252 | ||
| Postal code : | 160000 | ||
| License plate : | 17th | ||
| Community type: | City with special status | ||
| Structure : | 4 boroughs | ||
| Äkim ( Mayor ) : | Murat Aitenow | ||
| Website : | |||
| Location in Kazakhstan | |||
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Schymkent ( Kazakh and Russian Шымкент ; to 1992 Чимкент / Tschimkent ) is a major city in Kazakhstan . It is located in the south of the country at the foot of the Ugom Mountains not far from the border with Uzbekistan , around 120 kilometers north of Tashkent . With 1,038,152 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) it is the third largest city in Kazakhstan.
Shymkent was probably founded as a caravanserai in the 12th century to protect a nearby trading town on the Silk Road. The city developed into a trading center between nomads and the sedentary population and was destroyed several times over the centuries. In the early 19th century the city came into the possession of the Khan of Kokand , who had it converted into a military fortress. In the course of the Russian conquest of Central Asia , Shymkent was conquered in July 1864 by imperial troops led by Mikhail Chernyayev and became part of the General Government of Turkestan . Under Soviet rule, the city was expanded to become an important industrial and business location. In independent Kazakhstan, the city was the administrative seat of the South Kazakhstan region, but since June 2018 it has had the status of a city of national importance.
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in the southern part of the Central Asian country not far from the border with Uzbekistan . It is located on the Sairamsu and Badam rivers . The Ugom Mountains extend further east, while the Qaratau ridge is north of the city.
climate
Schymkent has a humid continental climate , which corresponds to the effective climate classification Dsa . Summers are hot and relatively dry with an average temperature of 26 ° C. Temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius are not uncommon in Schymkent. The winters are cold, but by far not characterized by as low temperatures as is the case in most other parts of Kazakhstan. The average temperature in winter is only around −1 ° C; compared to Astana, it averages -15 ° C. The annual rainfall is around 600 mm, with most of the rainfall occurring in winter and spring. The summer months, however, are very dry, in August the average rainfall is only four millimeters. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −31.1 ° C (January 26, 1969), the highest temperature was 43.0 ° C and was measured on June 24, 1976.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Schymkent
Source: pogodaiklimat.ru , www.weather-atlas.com
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City structure
Shymkent was divided into boroughs for the first time in 1945. At that time the three districts were Zentralny (rus. Центральный), Schelesnodoroschny (rus. Железнодорожный) and Sawodski (rus. Заводский) was founded. The city districts were later renamed and so from the end of the 1970s the three districts Abaiski (Rus. Абайский), Dzerzhinsky (Rus. Дзержинский) and Enbekschinski (Rus. Энбекшинский) existed. The Dzerzhinsky district was finally renamed Äl-Farabi (kas. Әл-Фараби). With the incorporation of various areas in the vicinity of Shymkent, the city was expanded in 2014 with the Qaratau district (kas. Қаратау) by a fourth district.
| Administrative district | Kazakh name | Russian name | Residents | Area [km²] |
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| Abai | Абай ауданы | Абайский район | 300,720 | 497 |
| Äl-Farabi | Әл-Фараби ауданы | Аль-Фарабийский район | 205.036 | 143.8 |
| Jengbekschi | Еңбекші ауданы | Енбекшинский район | 301.127 | 206.6 |
| Qaratau | Қаратау ауданы | Каратауский район | 231.269 | 322.6 |
| Schymkent | 1,038,152 | 1,162.8 | ||
| As of January 1, 2020 | ||||
history
Shymkent was probably founded at the beginning of the 12th century as a trading town on the Silk Road and is now an important industrial and economic center of Kazakhstan.
Shymkent was first mentioned in connection with the conquests of Timur . From the 15th century onwards, the city was the target of attacks by the Oirats and Djungars , later the khans of Kokand and Bukhara fought over them. In 1810 Shymkent became part and main fortress of the Kokand Khanate . In July 1864 the city was taken by the Russian armed forces under the leadership of Colonel Mikhail Chernyayev . In the same year Shymkent became a provincial town in the Syr Darya area within the Turkestan General Government . In 1921, the Soviet troops finally entered the city. At first Shymkent was part of the Autonomous Republic of Turkestan , from 1925 part of the Kazakh SSR .
politics
mayor
The current mayor ( Äkim , kas. Әкім) of Shymkent has been Murat Äitenow since January 21, 2020 . During the Soviet period, the city administration was headed by the chairman of the executive committee. Below are the mayors of the city since 1992:
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Coat of arms and logo
| Planned coat of arms of Tschimkent in 1866 | Coat of arms of the district town of Tschimkent, approved on April 21, 1909 | Outdated, unofficial coat of arms of the city of Shymkent (until August 2008) | New coat of arms of the city of Shymkent |
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On September 21, 2016, the city administration approved the city's new logo. It shows a red tulip represented by typical Kazakh ornaments. Below is the name of the city in a special calligraphic font. The city administration hopes that the introduction of a new logo will create a positive image and greater awareness of the city among foreign tourists.
Town twinning
Schymkent has partnerships with nine cities:
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Baiyin , People's Republic of China -
Khujand , Tajikistan -
Grosseto , Italy -
Izmir , Turkey -
Mahiljou , Belarus -
Pattaya , Thailand -
Stevenage , England -
Eskişehir , Turkey
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Acharnes , Greece
population
Ethnic composition
| Ethnic groups in Shymkent 2018 | ||||
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| Ethnic group | percent | |||
| Kazakhs | 65.9% | |||
| Uzbeks | 18.2% | |||
| Russians | 9.7% | |||
| Azerbaijanis | 1.8% | |||
| Tatars | 1.1% | |||
In 1939, the Russian population was the largest ethnic group in Shymkent. Of the roughly 75,000 inhabitants, a good half were Russians (36,675). The second largest population group was represented by the Uzbeks (12,438), who made up a good 16.7 percent of the population. Only in third place came the Kazakhs (9,738), who made up a good 13.1 percent of the population. In addition, 10.4 percent of the population were Ukrainians (7,729) and a further 4.3 percent were Tatars (3,179).
The last Kazakh census in 2009 revealed the following ethnic composition of the city: The Kazakhs (385,296) made up by far the largest population group with around 63.8 percent, followed by Russians (92,059 or 15.3 percent). Uzbeks (82,772) represented the third largest group in Shymkent with a share of 13.2 percent. In addition, 1.8 percent of the population were Azerbaijanis (11,103), 1.6 percent were Tatars (9,706) and around one percent Koreans (6,237) .
A change in the ethnic composition of the city resulted in the incorporation of numerous surrounding areas into the city in 2014. The number of Uzbeks in Shymkent doubled to just under 160,000, making them the second largest ethnic group since then. For 2018, the five largest ethnic groups in the city were: Kazakhs (627,944), Uzbeks (173,117), Russians (92,626), Azerbaijanis (16,736) and Tatars (10,296).
Population development
Today Schymkent has around one million inhabitants, making it the third largest city in Kazakhstan. In the 1897 census , the city had around 11,000 inhabitants and was therefore significantly smaller than the not far away Tashkent . In the following years the population continued to grow and in 1939 it had already reached the 70,000 mark. Even after the Second World War , Shymkent was able to record an increase in population and eventually became a major city . After Kazakhstan's independence, growth initially slowed before a sharp increase in the population set in in the 21st century. The population grew by around 40 percent between 2000 and 2010. The rapid increase in population in recent years is mainly due to the expansion of the city limits, which means that many surrounding towns have been incorporated into the urban area and the population increased by almost 175,000 in 2014. On May 17, 2018, Schymkent became a city of millions . On January 1, 2019, the city had 1,011,511 inhabitants.
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¹ census result
Religions
| Religions in Shymkent 2009 | ||||
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| religion | percent | |||
| Muslims | 82.1% | |||
| Christians | 16.8% | |||
| Other | 1.1% | |||
The dominant religion in Shymkent is Islam , to which both Kazakhs and Uzbeks mostly belong. At the last census in 2009, around 82 percent of the population said they belong to Islam. The city's large central mosque opened in 2013 and was funded by the United Arab Emirates .
Around 100,000 Christians lived in the city in 2009. The majority of them belong to the Russian Orthodox Church . Shymkent is the center of the Shymkent and Taras eparchy . Other beliefs are Buddhism with around 800 believers; around 150 Jews also live in Schymkent.
Culture and sights
16 national cultural centers have a branch in Schymkent, including a German school. There are numerous museums , historical sights and cultural monuments . Archaeological excavations are carried out. There are also two theaters in Shymkent (one Kazakh and one Russian), a philharmonic hall , three cultural palaces, two cinemas , a picture gallery and the Mega Center Shymkent shopping center with an ice rink, designer shops and another four cinema halls.
The city has eight parks , three of which were established before the October Revolution . The "Abai Park of Culture and Recreation", the Technopark, the Ethnic Park, the Aquapark, the Zoo and the Flora are particularly popular. There is also an amusement park for children, including a miniature train .
Schymkent is medically well equipped with 21 hospitals , the Karlygasch sanatorium and some “centers for a healthy lifestyle”.
Significantly, Shymkent is within the country as the Texas of Kazakhstan called, this is also because of increased crime in the region (immediate vicinity of hemp rich Chu -area and the city's role as the largest trading center for the transport of hemp to the west).
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Sports
The local football club Ordabassy Shymkent plays in the highest Kazakh football league . An annual Shymkent Challenger tennis tournament has been held in Schymkent since 2017 .
Economy and Infrastructure
Economic situation
Shymkent is one of the industrial and economic centers of Kazakhstan. The development of industry in the city began in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Today the petroleum processing , the chemical industry (including rubber ), the pharmaceutical industry , mechanical engineering as well as food production and textile manufacture are strongly represented in the city. In June 2015, a total of 348 industrial companies were registered, which produced goods worth around 129 billion tenge in the period from January to June 2015 .
In 2005, the Ongtüstik Special Economic Zone (kas. Оңтүстік) was founded in the east of the city . The aim of establishing such a zone is to promote the economic development of the South Kazakhstan region and, above all, to locate light industry companies in Shymkent.
One of three oil refineries in Kazakhstan is located in Schymkent . Built in 1985, it is also the youngest of the country's refineries, which produces a good 30 percent of all oil products in the country. After the country gained independence, Schymkentnefteorgsintes (Russian: Шымкентнефтеоргсинтез), as the company was then called, was privatized and sold to a Canadian investor in 2000. The complex, which has an annual production capacity of 40.65 million barrels , is operated by PetroKazakhstan, a joint venture between the China National Petroleum Corporation and KazMunayGas .
traffic
Schymkent International Airport is around ten kilometers west of the city center. It was opened in 1933 and has around half a million passengers a year. The airport is the home airport of SCAT , which, together with several other airlines, offers national and a few international connections from here.
In 2005, the city's trolleybus operation was discontinued, and since then, urban local transport has been ensured by a bus network of over 70 lines. This is operated by several different private companies. In July 2016, the Schymkent Bus (kas. Шымкент Bus) transport company was founded as part of the Schymkent 2020 urban development concept to modernize and improve local transport . It is a public-private partnership between the city of Schymkent, which holds 49 percent, and Green Bus, which owns 51 percent of the shares. As part of this partnership, the bus fleet is also to be modernized and modern natural gas buses are to be purchased.
Shymkent is on the Turkestan-Siberian railway line . The city is also crossed by the Trans-Aral Railway , which connects Orenburg in Russia with Tashkent in Uzbekistan . The city's train station is located southeast of the city center. From here regional and national connections are offered by Kazakhstan Temir Scholy . Since June 2014, high-speed trains have been running on the route from Astana to Shymkent . Since the Almaty − Tashkent connection was opened in March 2017, there has also been an international connection to neighboring Uzbekistan.
The M32 trunk road , which connects the west of the country with the south, ends in the city . The A2 , which leads east to the Chinese border at Chorgos , runs through Schymkent.
education
Schymkent has around 130 schools and almost 400 pre-school facilities, the vast majority of which are privately owned. The city is also an important university location with eleven universities and 37 secondary educational institutions, at which a total of more than 100,000 people study.
The largest and most important university is the State University of South Kazakhstan , which is named after the Kazakh writer Muchtar Äuesow . It was founded in 1943 as the Kazakh Institute for Chemical Technology, later converted into a technical university. Today it is one of the best universities in Kazakhstan and has 13 faculties with more than 15,000 students. The Pedagogical University of South Kazakhstan was founded in 1992 as one of the first private universities in independent Kazakhstan. Today it is divided into four faculties with more than 5000 students. There is also the Medical Academy of South Kazakhstan , which was founded in 1979 and, with almost 2,000 students, is one of the country's smaller universities.
Other universities in Shymkent are the Humanitarian Institute of South Kazakhstan named after Mardan Saparbayev, the Kazakh University of Friendship of Nations, the University of Art and Design named after the Kazakh painter Äbilchan Qastejew, the University of New Technologies and other medical and polytechnical schools.
media
One of the best-known and largest newspapers in Shymkent is the Juschnyi Kazakhstan (Russian Южный Казахстан). The first edition of the regional newspaper, which appears in the entire Turkistan area, was printed on May 1, 1925. Its main task was to strengthen the economic, cultural and political relations between town and country. With a circulation of around 18,000 copies, it is one of the largest regional newspapers in Kazakhstan. Another important newspaper is the Panorama Schymkenta (Russian: Панорама Шымкента). There are also a number of smaller weekly newspapers , one of which is the Russian-language Rabat (Russian Рабат).
Most of the country's television and radio programs can be received in Schymkent. The Kazakh state broadcaster Kazakhstan has been broadcasting Ońtústik (kas. Оңтүстік) since October 5, 1990, a regional program with news from the region. There are also several other regional broadcasters, including Otyrar TV .
sons and daughters of the town
See also
Web links
- Official website of the city of Shymkent (English, Kazakh and Russian)
- Website of the city and region (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Численность населения на начало периода. In: Information portal Taldau. stat.gov.kz, accessed July 5, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ pogodaiklimat.ru: Климат Шымкента , accessed on August 16, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ http://elib.nklibrary.kz/pdf/kaz_ssr/unik3.htm , accessed on August 11, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ City districts (in Soviet times) (Russian names) , accessed on August 11, 2018 (English).
- ↑ shymkent.gov.kz: Mayors , accessed on August 11, 2018 (English).
- ↑ shymkent.gov.kz: A new logo of Shymkent was approved , accessed on August 13, 2018 (English).
- ↑ magazine form: У Шымкента появился логотип , accessed on August 13, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ shymkent.gov.kz: Twin cities , accessed on August 12, 2018 (English).
- ↑ Ethnic composition: 2018 estimation , accessed on August 13, 2018 (English).
- ↑ demoscope.ru: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения районов, городов и крупных сел союзных республик СССР. , accessed August 13, 2018 (in Russian).
- ↑ pop-stat.mashke.org: Ethnic composition: 2009 census , accessed August 12, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ shymkent.gov.kz: A millionth resident of Shymkent received an apartment as a gift , accessed on August 12, 2018.
- ↑ Religious composition: 2009 census (in Russian) , accessed August 13, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ Gulf News: Landmark Kazakhstan mosque highlights UAE ties , accessed on August 12, 2018.
- ↑ shymkent.gov.kz: Economic development , accessed on August 16, 2018 (English).
- ↑ PetroKazakhstan: Refining , accessed on August 16, 2018.
- ↑ В Шымкенте создана новая транспортная компания “Шымкент Bus” , accessed on August 16, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ Tashkent Times: Tashkent to Almaty high speed rail link to be launched on March 22 , accessed on August 16, 2018.
- ↑ Shymkent Book , p. 96, accessed on August 17, 2018 (Kazakh, Russian and English).
- ↑ Shymkent Book , p. 98, accessed on August 17, 2018 (Kazakh, Russian and English).
- ↑ South-Kazakhstan Pedagogical University: History of University , accessed on August 17, 2018.
- ↑ Газете "Южный Казахстан" исполнилось 92 года , accessed on August 18, 2018 (Russian).
- ↑ shymkenttv.kz: О телеканале , accessed on August 18, 2018 (Russian).
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