Timeline history of Christianity
The History of Christianity Timeline is a chronological listing of the history of Christianity :
The church history (KG) is a branch of theology . She works with the same methods and tools that "profane" history studies use . The KG becomes a theological discipline because it is the "history of interpretation of the Bible" ( Ebeling ) or can provide information about how the Gospel took shape in a certain time ( Ruhbach ). In doing so, it ensures encyclopaedically examples and material of successful and unsuccessful visualization of the Christian message. With this critical look at the history of its impact, the KG can give important impulses to the current dogmatic and theological-ethical debate. However, it remains problematic which point of view should be taken in order to be able to name “successful” or “unsuccessful” visualization.
Early Christianity
| year | event | Others |
|---|---|---|
| approx. 30 | Death on the cross of Jesus Christ | |
| approx. 33 | Martyrdom of Stephen | (in the presence of Saul ) |
| approx 35 | Start of the Samaritan Mission | |
| 43/44 | Persecution of the Christian community in Jerusalem | James is the first of the apostles to be executed |
| approx. 49 | Apostolic Council in Jerusalem |
Expulsion of the Jews from Rome under Claudius (so-called Claudius edict) |
| approx. 49 | 2. Paul's missionary journey | Paul missionaries in Macedonia . Christianity reaches Europe |
| 50-64 | Letters of the Apostle Paul | |
| 50 | Paul founded the church in Corinth | |
| 53 | Thomas Christians | The apostle Thomas reaches India and spreads Christianity there |
| Around 60 to 95 | Writing down the four gospels | |
| 64 | Persecution of Christians under Nero | Death of the apostles Peter and Paul . |
| 66-74 | Revolt of the zealots ( Zealots ) in and around Jerusalem | |
| 70 | Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple | |
| 81-96 | Persecution of Christians under Domitian | The apostle John dies as the last apostle on the island of Patmos |
| 132-135 | Second Jewish uprising under Bar Kochba | complete destruction of Jerusalem. Renaming of the province of Judea to Palestine ("Philistine Land") to abuse the Jews |
| 155 | Martyrdom of the Polycarp of Smyrna | |
| approx. 160-220 | Tertullian | |
| 178 | Irenaeus of Lyon becomes Bishop of Lyon | |
| 217-222 | Calixt I claims supremacy from the Bishop of Rome | |
| 248 | Cyprian († 258) becomes Bishop of Carthage | |
| 249-251 | Persecution of Christians in the Middle East by Emperor Decius | |
| 295-373 | Athanasius , father of the church | Dealing with Arianism |
| about 300 | Antonius († 356) | lives as a monk and hermit in the desert |
| 301 | Gregory the Illuminator | becomes the first Catholicos of the Armenian Church. Christianity becomes the state religion in Armenia. |
| 306 | Synod of Elvira | |
| 303-311 | Persecution of Christians under Diocletian | |
| 313 | Constantine the Great | Milan agreement , Christianity is no longer forbidden in the Roman Empire (but not yet the state religion). |
| 313 | Eusebius of Caesarea | Author of a detailed church history of the first centuries, becomes Bishop of Caesarea |
| approx. 320 | First monastery founded by Pachomios (292–346) | |
| 325 | Council of Nicaea | Condemnation of Arianism - Jesus is true God from true God, begotten not created, identical in nature to the Father. |
| 330-379 | Basil the Great | Church father, Bishop of Caesarea, founder of the monastery |
| 330-390 | Gregory of Nazianz (the theologian) | Church father , sermons on the Trinity , presidency of the Council of Constantinople |
| 335-394 | Gregory of Nyssa | Church father, brother of Basil |
| 337 | Mirian III | Christianity was declared the state religion of Iberia (today's Georgia). |
| 337-397 | Ambrose of Milan | Church father, teacher of Augustine |
| 347-420 | Jerome | Church father, translator of the Vulgate |
| 350-407 | John Chrysostom | Church father |
| 354-430 | Augustine | Church father |
| 380 | Foundation of the Roman Catholic Imperial Church | Christianity is declared the state religion in the Roman Empire (Edict Cunctos populos ) |
| 381 | First Council of Constantinople | Niceaean-Constantinopolitan Creed - God is one God in three persons (Trinity). The Holy Spirit is God too. |
| 381 | Martin of Tours | founds the first monastery in Gaul near Poitiers |
| 383 | Wulfila's death | translated the Bible into Gothic |
| 391 | Theodosius I. | bans pagan cults and closes temples |
| 431 | Council of Ephesus | Mary is the Mother of God (Theotokos) and Christ is true God and true man |
| 432 | Patrick | begins his work in Ireland |
| 451 | Council of Chalcedony | Separation of the ancient oriental churches - in Jesus Christ the divine and human nature are unmixed and undivided in one person. |
| 480-550 | Benedict of Nursia | Founder of the Benedictines |
middle Ages
| year | event | Others |
|---|---|---|
| 498 or 499 | Baptism of Clovis | Conversion of the entire Franconian Empire to Christianity |
| 533 | Corpus iuris civilis | The ecclesiastical supremacy was transferred to the papacy by decree from the Eastern Roman emperor |
| from 534 | Iroschotti Mission in England | By Columban of Iona |
| 553 | Second Council of Constantinople | Condemnation of the so-called three chapters (certain writings of three theologians of the school of Antioch) |
| 590 | Columban of Luxeuil | Arrival in Gaul |
| 590-604 | Pope Gregory the Great | Church father |
| 612 | Gallus | Later hermit in St. Gallen |
| 664 | Whitby Synod | The Synod decides in favor of the Roman form of the rite and against the Irish-Scottish (Orthodox) |
| 680-681 | Third Council of Constantinople | According to the two natures, Jesus Christ has a divine and a human will |
| 719-754 | Boniface | evangelizes Germany |
| 720 | Benedictine rule | in St. Gallen |
| 732 | Karl Martell | prevents the Muslim occupation of the Christian Frankish empire by his victory in the battle of Tours and Poitiers |
| 726 | Beginning of the picture dispute in the Eastern Church | |
| 754 | Pippin's donation | founds the Papal State |
| 787 | Second Council of Nicaea | Ecumenical Council allows image worship |
| 863 | Method and Kyrill proselytize among the Slavs | |
| 867-879 | Photius | Schism between the Eastern and Western Churches |
| 869-870 | Fourth Council of Constantinople | |
| 909 | Founding of the Cluny Abbey | Cluniac Reform |
| 988 | Beginning of Christianization in Russia | Vladimir I, ruler of the Kievan Rus, receives baptism and has his subjects baptized |
| 1009 | Al-Hakim destroys the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, one of the greatest shrines in Christianity | Beginning and Reason for the Crusades |
| 1033-1109 | Anselm of Canterbury | |
| 1054 | Oriental schism | (Separation) of the Roman and Greek Churches |
| 1073 | Gregory VII becomes Pope | |
| 1077 | Heinrich IV. (HRR) goes to Canossa during the investiture dispute | |
| 1090-1153 | Bernhard von Clairvaux , brings Cistercians to bloom | |
| 1095 | Proclamation of the first crusade | |
| 1096-1099 | First crusade | |
| 1098 | Cistercian order founded | |
| 1123 | First Lateran Council | Investiture dispute |
| 1139 | Second Lateran Council | Celibacy for priests |
| 1140-1217 | Peter Forest | Founder of the Waldensians |
| 1147-1149 | Second Crusade / Wendenkreuzzug | |
| 1175-1221 | Dominic | Founder of the Dominicans |
| 1179 | Third Lateran Council | |
| 1182-1226 | Francis of Assisi | Founder of the Franciscans |
| 1189-1192 | Third crusade | |
| 1200-1280 | Albertus Magnus | |
| 1202-1204 | Fourth crusade | |
| 1209-1229 | Albigensian Crusade | |
| 1212 | Children's crusade | |
| 1215 | Fourth Lateran Council | Understanding of transubstantiation |
| 1217-1221 | Damiette crusade | |
| 1225-1274 | Thomas Aquinas | |
| 1228-1229 | Crusade of Frederick II | |
| 1245 | First Council of Lyon | |
| 1248-1254 | Sixth crusade | |
| 1260-1328 | Master Eckhart | |
| 1270 | Seventh crusade | |
| 1274 | Second Council of Lyon | |
| 1300 | Proclamation of the first holy year by Pope Boniface VIII. | |
| 1302 | Papal bull Unam Sanctam by Boniface also calls for secular papal rule | |
| 1303 | The Pope is imprisoned by the French King Philip IV | |
| 1309 | The French Pope Clement V no longer resides in Rome, but in Avignon | |
| 1378-1417 | Two Popes, one in Rome, the other in Avignon ( schism ) | |
| 1387 | Christianization of Lithuania |
Reformation and Counter-Reformation, European colonies
| year | event | Others |
|---|---|---|
| 1311-1312 | Council of Vienne | |
| 1365 | Crusade against Alexandria | |
| 1383 | John Wycliffe | translates the Bible into English |
| 1396 | Nicopolis Crusade | |
| 1369-1415 | Jan Hus , Czech Republic , reformer | executed at the council in Constance -> Herrnhuter Brethren |
| 1414-1418 | Council of Constance | |
| 1431-1445 | Council of Basel / Ferrara / Florence | |
| 1453 | Siege of Constantinople (1453) | falls and the Eastern Roman Empire ends. On May 29, 1453, Emperor Constantine XI celebrates . the last Holy Mass in the Sophienkirche |
| 1452-1498 | Girolamo Savonarola | |
| 1466 / 69-1536 | Erasmus from Rotterdam | |
| 1482-1531 | Johannes Oekolampad , Basel | Swiss reformer |
| 1483-1546 | Martin Luther , Wittenberg | German reformer |
| 1484-1531 | Ulrich Zwingli , Zurich | Swiss reformer |
| 1484-1530 | Niklaus Manuel Deutsch , Bern | Swiss reformer |
| 1485-1548 | Johannes Bugenhagen , Wittenberg | German and Danish reformer |
| 1489-1556 | Thomas Cranmer , London | English reformer |
| 1489-1565 | Guillaume Farel , France | Geneva reformer |
| 1491-1551 | Martin Bucer , Strasbourg , Cambridge | reformer |
| 1491-1556 | Ignatius of Loyola | Founder of the Jesuit order |
| 1492 | End of the Reconquista | Spain finally gets rid of the Muslim occupation |
| 1492 | Alhambra Edict | Expulsion of the Jews from Spain |
| 1493-1552 | Olavus Petri , Stockholm | Swedish reformer |
| 1494-1536 | William Tyndale , Antwerp | English Bible translator and reformer |
| 1494-1561 | Hans Tausen , Denmark | reformer |
| 1496-1562 | Menno Simons , Friesland | Dutch-Frisian reformer and namesake of the Mennonites |
| 1497-1560 | Philipp Melanchthon , Wittenberg | reformer |
| 1499-1560 | John a Lasco | reformer |
| 1500-1558 | Charles V | |
| 1504-1575 | Heinrich Bullinger | Swiss reformer, successor to Ulrich Zwingli |
| 1505-1572 | John Knox | Scottish reformer and co-founder of the Presbyterian Churches |
| 1509-1564 | John Calvin | French reformer in Geneva |
| 1512 | Fifth Lateran Council | |
| 1517 | Theses posted in Wittenberg | Start of the Reformation in Germany by Martin Luther |
| 1519 | Ulrich Zwingli | People priest at the Grossmünster in Zurich |
| 1519-1605 | Theodore Beza , Geneva | Reformer, successor to Calvin |
| 1521 | Martin Luther is excommunicated, and imperial ban is imposed on him | |
| 1523 | Reformation in Zurich by Ulrich Zwingli | |
| 1523-1567 | Guy de Bray | Reformer of the Netherlands |
| 1525 | Foundation of the first Reformation Anabaptist community in Zurich | Origin of the Anabaptist Movement and subsequent persecution |
| 1527 | Reichstag (council assembly) in Västerås | Introduction of the Reformation in Sweden |
| 1528 | Reformation in Bern by Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel Deutsch | |
| 1529 | Reformation in Basel by Johannes Oekolampad | |
| 1529 | Reichstag in Speyer | Protestation of the evangelical estates and at the same time resolution of the Anabaptist mandate |
| 1529 | Large and Small Catechism by Martin Luther | |
| 1529 | Marburg Religious Discussion | no agreement between Lutherans and Reformed people regarding the Lord's Supper |
| 1529 | First Turkish siege of Vienna | |
| 1530 | Augsburg Confession at the Reichstag in Augsburg | Condemnation of the Reformation Anabaptists by the Lutheran imperial estates |
| 1531 | Ulrich Zwingli is killed in the Second Kappel War | |
| 1531 | Maria appears in Guadalupe Juan Diego | |
| around 1533 | John Calvin joins the Protestant movement in France | |
| 1534 | Supreme Act in England (King Henry VIII head of the Anglican Church ) | |
| 1534 | German Bible by Martin Luther | |
| 1535 | Thomas More executed | |
| 1536 | First Helvetic Confession | |
| 1536 | First edition of the Institutio Johannes Calvins | |
| 1536 | Introduction of the Reformation in Denmark | |
| 1541 | Reformation in Scotland by John Knox | |
| 1545-1563 | Council of Trent | Counter-reformation |
| 1549 | Consensus Tigurinus | Connection of the Reformation Ulrich Zwingli and Johannes Calvins |
| 1549 | Franz Xaver arrives in Japan | |
| 1555 | Religious Peace of Augsburg | Formula Cuius regio, eius religio |
| 1559 | First national synod of Reformed Christians in France (" Huguenots ") with adoption of the Confessio Gallicana | |
| 1560 | Confessio Scotica | Creed of the Scottish Presbyterians |
| 1563 | Heidelberg Catechism | |
| 1566 | Second Helvetic Confession | |
| 1570 | Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo arrive in the Philippines | King Rajah Sulayman converts to the Roman Catholic Church as a result of the lost battle of Bangkusay |
| 1589 | Moscow is elevated from the bishopric to a patriarchate | Moscow feels like the third Rome to watch over the true faith |
| 1600 | Giordano Bruno executed in Rome |
Modern times
| year | event | Others |
|---|---|---|
| 1607-1676 | Paul Gerhardt | Pastor and songwriter |
| 1609 | Foundation of the first Baptist church in Amsterdam | |
| 1611 | King James Bible | |
| 1618-1619 | Holding of the Dordrecht Synod at which the Dordrecht doctrinal rules were adopted | |
| 1624-1691 | George Fox | Founder of the Quakers |
| 1635-1705 | Philipp Jacob Spener | Pietism |
| 1648-1690 | Robert Barclay | theological pioneer of the Quakers |
| 1662 | Classic edition of the Book of Common Prayer | |
| 1663-1727 | August Hermann Francke | |
| 1683 | Second Turkish siege of Vienna | |
| 1685-1750 | Johann Sebastian Bach | Church musician |
| 1697-1769 | Gerhard Tersteegen | Song writers and mystics |
| 1700-1760 | Nikolaus Ludwig Count of Zinzendorf | Founder of the Moravian Brethren |
| 1703-1791 | John Wesley | Founder of methodism |
| 1714-1770 | George Whitefield | Co-founder of Methodism and the most famous open air preacher of the 18th century |
| 1723 | Cornelius Steenoven | Election of the first Old Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht , constitution of the Church of Utrecht |
| 1768-1834 | Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher | theologian |
| 1789-1799 | De-Christianization process | French Revolution , Pius VI. |
| 1800-1884 | Johann Gerhard Oncken | Founder of the German Baptist Churches |
| 1801 | Concordat | between the French Empire and the Roman Catholic Church |
| 1803 | Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and secularization | |
| from 1820 | Revival movement in Germany | |
| 1830 | Origin of the Old Lutherans | |
| 1830 | Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) in Fayette, New York. | |
| 1831 | Collection of the Catholic Apostolic Congregations | |
| 1833 | Beginning of the Oxford Movement | |
| 1834 | Foundation of the first German Baptist congregation | in Hamburg by Johann Gerhard Oncken |
| 1850 | Start of the Christian mission in China | |
| 1853 | Jonathan Paul | Founder of the German Pentecostal movement |
| 1854 | Immaculate Conception | Dogma of faith proclaimed by Pope Pius IX. |
| 1863 | Establishment of the General Christian Apostolic Mission | Foundation of the Seventh-day Adventists |
| 1867 | First Lambeth Conference | |
| 1869-1870 | First Vatican Council | the infallibility of the Pope is the dogma levied. |
| 1870-1922 | William J. Seymour | Founder of the Pentecostal movement |
| 1871 | Foundation of the Old Catholic Church | |
| 1871-1887 | Kulturkampf in Germany | |
| from 1878 | Development of the New Apostolic Church | from the General Christian Apostolic Mission |
| 1881 | Founding of the World Council of Methodist Churches | |
| 1881 | Origin of the Bible Students Movement | |
| 1884-1976 | Rudolf Bultmann | Theologian ( demythologizing ) |
| 1886-1968 | Karl Barth | Theologian ( dialectical theology ) |
| 1891 | Pope Leo XIII. writes the encyclical Rerum Novarum | |
| 1894 | The kingdom of heaven within you , by Leo Tolstoy , beginning of Christian anarchism | |
| 1899/1900 | Adolf von Harnack's lecture The essence of Christianity | Classics of Liberal Theology |
| 1901/1906 | Beginning of the Pentecostal movement | |
| 1905 | Abolition of the Concordat of 1801 and separation of church and state in France ( secularism ) | |
| 1905 | Foundation of the Baptist World Federation | |
| 1906-1945 | Dietrich Bonhoeffer | Theologian and resistance fighter |
| 1909-1965 | William Branham | Healing preacher and prophet |
| 1910 | First World Mission Conference in Edinburgh to evangelize the world for this generation | |
| 1913 | Mülheim Association of Free Church Evangelical Congregations | |
| 1918-2018 | Billy Graham | American evangelical movement |
| 1921-2011 | John Stott | Co-founder of the worldwide evangelical Lausanne movement |
| 1925 | Stockholm World Conference of Churches , first conference of the ecumenical movement for practical Christianity ( Life and Work ) | |
| 1925 | Foundation of the Mennonite World Conference and first conference in Switzerland | |
| 1924-2006 | William Sloane Coffin , pastor of Riverside Church | Leader of the civil rights and peace movement |
| 1927 | First Conference of the ecumenical movement Faith and Order ( Faith and Order ) in Lausanne | |
| 1932 | Hagia Sophia , one of the most important church buildings in Christianity and a mosque since 1453, becomes a museum. | |
| 1932 | German Christians | |
| 1933 | Reich Concordat between the Holy See and the German Empire | |
| 1934 | Barmer Theological Declaration , against the Nazi state | |
| 1937 | Second ecumenical Life and Work conference in Oxford, second ecumenical Faith and Order conference in Edinburgh | |
| 1941 | Rudolf Bultmann | publishes an essay on demythologizing |
| 1942 | Association of German Baptist , Elim and Brethren congregations to form the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches | |
| 1947 | Church Union of South India | |
| 1947 | Foundation of the Lutheran World Federation | |
| 1948 | Foundation of the World Council of Churches | |
| 1950 | Annunciation of the dogma of the bodily acceptance of Mary into heaven by Pope Pius XII. | |
| 1957 | Foundation of the United Church of Christ | |
| 1958 | Elisabeth Haseloff becomes the first ordained pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Germany | Ordination of women |
| 1962-1965 | Second Vatican Council | |
| 1968 | General Conference of CELAM in Medellín | Liberation Theology |
| 1968 | Establishment of the Metropolitan Community Church | |
| 1970 | A Presbyterian and Congregationalist world organization merged to form the reformed world union | |
| 1973 | Leuenberg Agreement | |
| 1974 | Lausanne Movement | |
| 1982 | Lima Declaration | Ecumenical Declaration of Convergence on Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry |
| 1989 | Episcopal ordination of Barbara Clementine Harris as the first female bishop of a church that believes in apostolic succession | |
| 1992 | Rehabilitation of Galileo Galileo by Pope John Paul II. | |
| 2000 | Holy Year : Pope John Paul II's public petition for forgiveness for the Church's sins in history | |
| 2009 | Publication of the Murphy Report in Ireland | Sexual Abuse in the Roman Catholic Church |
| 2009 | Benedict XVI. lifts the excommunication of four bishops of the Priestly Society of St. Pius X on | |
| 2010 | Merger of the Reformed World Federation and the Reformed Ecumenical Council to form the World Fellowship of Reformed Churches | |
| 2013 | Pope Benedict XVI declares his resignation on February 11th. | |
| 2017 | 500th anniversary of the Reformation in 2017 |
See also
- List of ecumenical councils
- List of Christian denominations
- Pre-Reformation churches
- Timeline of the history of the Anabaptists
- Timeline for the history of the Baptists
- Christian denominations in Kerala
literature
- Hubert Jedin : Handbook of Church History. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau / Basel / Vienna 1978. (Scientific standard work on church history)
- History of Christianity. 14 volumes. Herder, 1991-2007. (new and extremely detailed)
- Bernd Moeller: History of Christianity in Fundamentals (= Uni-Taschenbuch. Volume 905). 9th revised edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 3-8252-0905-9 .
- Armin Sierszyn : 2000 years of church history. 4 volumes. Hänssler, Holzgerlingen 1995–2000. (with many source texts)
- Hans Küng : Christianity, essence and history. Piper, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-492-03747-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cyril Toumanoff : Studies in Christian Caucasian History , pp. 83-84, 377. Georgetown University Press, Washington 1967