Academic Gymnasium (Vienna)
Academic high school | |
---|---|
type of school |
General secondary school ( humanistic grammar school ) |
School number | 901016 |
founding | 1553 |
address |
Beethovenplatz 1 |
place | Vienna Inner City |
state | Vienna |
Country | Austria |
Coordinates | 48 ° 12 '5 " N , 16 ° 22' 34" E |
carrier | Federation |
student | about 610 (April 4, 2010) |
Teachers | about 60 (April 4, 2010) |
management | Alexander Kandl |
Website | www.akg-wien.at |
The Academic Gymnasium in Vienna was founded in 1553, making it the oldest Gymnasium in Vienna and the second oldest of the five Academic Gymnasiums in Austria. The school orientation is humanistic and more liberal compared to other traditional high schools in the city. The current number of students is about 610 students, who are divided into 24 classes.
history
16th and 17th centuries
When the grammar school was founded, the University of Vienna had the privilege of deciding on the establishment of teaching establishments. In March of 1553 the Jesuits received the university 's permission to establish the Academic Gymnasium.
The primary teaching goals of the exclusively Jesuit faculty were to impart religious knowledge, to practice the Catholic faith and to strengthen the religious attitudes of the students. At the time of its foundation, the academic high school was housed in the Dominican monastery opposite the university at the time. The language of instruction at that time was Latin.
18th and 19th centuries
The abolition of the Jesuit order in 1773 by Clement XIV led to a change in the teaching staff and the educational goals. The new focal points were history, mathematics, German, literature and geography. The management of the high school was transferred to the Piarist order . As a result, the high school was run in a more cosmopolitan manner and the spirit of enlightenment prevailed among both the teachers and the students. Likewise, new didactic and pedagogical measures and later also the school fees were introduced.
As a result of the grammar school reform in 1849, the eight-class grammar school with the final Matura examination was developed. The humanistic aspects crystallized more and more, the main focus of the lessons were mainly linguistic-historical, whereby the mathematical-scientific aspects were not neglected. The first high school graduates took their final exams at the end of the school year 1850/51.
The Academic Gymnasium building has been located on Beethovenplatz in the first district of Vienna since 1866 . It was built by Friedrich Schmidt , who later planned the Vienna City Hall , in the neo-Gothic style typical of the architect . The house was opened on October 17, 1866 in the presence of Anton von Schmerling and Andreas Zelinka , Mayor of Vienna.
The first female student graduated as an external student in 1886. Another girl graduated the following year, and since the school year 1896/97 there have also been high school graduates almost every year; there has been a general admission of girls since 1949/50.
20th century
The years after the First World War were extremely stressful for the grammar school, because it was only just possible to avoid a closure, the cause of which was a sharp decline in the number of students. The educational institution threatened to lose its good reputation and its attractiveness.
After the “Anschluss” of Austria in 1938, the Jewish students and three teachers had to leave the school and were placed in another grammar school in the 2nd district of Vienna in Leopoldstadt on April 28, 1938 , but some of the students had already de-registered before this date . The total loss was almost 50 percent of the pupils, since the school was attended the most of all Viennese grammar schools by children of Jewish families. Today several memorial plaques on the outer facade of the grammar school remind of the retraining and the horrors of National Socialism . A well-known victim of the measures at that time was the later Nobel Prize winner Walter Kohn , who had to leave school in 5th grade.
Wolfgang Wolfring (1925–2001) made the grammar school known from 1960 onwards as the site of classical Greek dramas in the original Greek language . Every year there were performances of classical Greek dramatic literature, including King Oidipus , Oidipus auf Kolonos and Philoctet by Sophocles , the Oresty by Aeschylus and The Trojans and Alcestis by Euripides . The protagonists of these performances were the later lawyers Josef and Eduard Wegrostek, Liliana Nelska , Doris Dornetshuber, Gerhard Tötschinger , but also Gabriel Barylli , Paulus Manker , Konstantin Schenk and others in smaller roles .
Over the years, the high school regained its old reputation and enjoyed high access rates. More and more emphasis was placed on humanistic education, which was demonstrated to the general public by the wide range of languages, school theater performances at a high level and numerous musical events by the school choir. From 1979 to 1991, the teaching staff also included the philosopher Konrad Paul Liessmann (history and philosophy / psychology / education).
21st century
The focus is still on a broad linguistic foundation, which also includes training in languages such as Latin or ancient Greek . The school offers both French and English from first grade. The other of the two languages does not begin until the 3rd grade.
In addition, various projects are organized and non-binding exercises are offered. The aim of the Academic Gymnasium is general education , which in turn is intended to prepare for a later university course.
One problem is the lack of space in the school. Since there is a great demand for school places, but the school building cannot be expanded for financial reasons and those of the monument protection, school places are not available for all applicants.
Well-known students and graduates
The Akademisches Gymnasium has produced a large number of well-known personalities in its history:
Born before 1800
- Ignaz Franz Castelli (1781–1862), writer
- Joseph Valentin Eybel (1741–1805), publicist
- Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger (1795–1871), geologist
- Stanislaus Kostka (1550–1568), Catholic saint
- Leopold Kupelwieser (1796–1862), painter
- Alois Primisser (1796–1827), numismatist and museum specialist
- Joseph Othmar von Rauscher (1797–1875), Archbishop of Vienna
- Carl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823), philosopher
- Franz Schubert (1797–1828), composer
- Johann Chrysostomus Senn (1795–1857), political poet
- Johann Carl Smirsch (1793–1869), painter
Born between 1800 and 1849
- Alexander Freiherr von Bach (1813–1893), lawyer and politician
- Moriz Benedikt (1835–1920), neurologist
- Nikolaus Dumba (1830–1900), industrialist and art patron
- Franz Serafin Exner (1802-1853), philosopher
- Cajetan Felder (1814–1894), Mayor of Vienna
- Adolf Ficker (1816–1880), statistician
- Anton Josef Gruscha (1820–1911), Archbishop of Vienna
- Christoph Hartung von Hartungen (1849–1917), doctor
- Carl Haslinger (1816–1868), music publisher
- Gustav Heider (1819–1897), art history
- Josef Hellmesberger (1828-1893), court conductor
- Josef Hyrtl (1810-1894), anatomist
- Friedrich Kaiser (1814–1874), actor
- Theodor von Karajan (1810–1873), Germanist
- Alfred von Kremer (1828–1889), orientalist and politician
- Ferdinand Kürnberger (1821–1879), writer
- Heinrich von Levitschnigg (1810–1862), writer and journalist
- Karl Ludwig von Littrow (1811–1877), astronomer
- Titu Maiorescu (1840–1917), Romanian Prime Minister
- Johann Nestroy (1801–1862), actor, poet
- Ignaz von Plener (1810–1908), Austrian Prime Minister
- Aurelius Polzer (1848–1924), poet, writer
- Johann Nepomuk Prix (1836–1894), Mayor of Vienna
- Benedict Randhartinger (1802-1893), court conductor
- Friedrich Rochleder (1819–1874), chemist
- Wilhelm Scherer (1841–1886), Germanist
- Anton von Schmerling (1805-1893), lawyer and politician
- Leopold Schrötter, Ritter von Kristelli (1837–1908), doctor ( laryngologist ) and social medicine specialist
- Johann Gabriel Seidl (1804–1875), lyricist of the Austrian imperial hymn "God preserve, God protect our emperor, our country!"
- Daniel Spitzer (1835-1893), author
- Eduard Strauss (1835–1916), composer and conductor
- Franz von Thun and Hohenstein (1847–1916), Prime Minister of Cisleithanien
- Joseph Unger (1828–1913), lawyer and politician
- Otto Wagner (1841–1918), architect
Born between 1850 and 1899
- Othenio Abel (1875-1946), biologist
- Ludwig Adamovich senior (1890–1955), President of the Constitutional Court
- Guido Adler (1855–1941), musicologist
- Peter Altenberg (1859-1919), "coffee house writer"
- Max Wladimir von Beck (1854–1943), Austrian Prime Minister
- Richard Beer-Hofmann (1866–1945), writer
- Edmund Benedikt (1851–1929), lawyer and politician
- Elsa Bienenfeld (1877–1942), music historian and music critic
- Julius Bittner (1874–1939), composer
- Friedrich Böck (1876–1958), chemist and university professor
- Robert Danneberg (1885–1942), lawyer and politician
- Konstantin Dumba (1856–1947), diplomat
- Friedrich Eckstein , polyhistor
- August Fournier (1850–1920), historian and politician
- Erich Frauwallner (1898–1974), Indologist
- Dagobert Frey (1883–1962), art historian
- Albert Gessmann (1852–1920), librarian and politician
- Raimund Grübl (1847–1898), Mayor of Vienna
- Michael Hainisch (1858–1940), Federal President of the Republic of Austria
- Edmund Hauler (1859–1941), classical philologist
- Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874–1929), playwright
- Karl Kautsky (1854–1938), philosopher and politician
- Hans Kelsen (1881–1973), lawyer, co-designer of the Austrian Federal Constitution
- Franz Klein (1854–1926), lawyer and politician
- Franz Kopallik (1860–1931), painter
- Arthur Krupp (1856–1938), industrialist
- Wilhelm Kubitschek (1858–1936), archaeologist and numismatist
- Eduard Leisching (1858–1938), director of the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna
- Karl Leth (1861–1930), Austrian banking specialist and finance minister
- Robert von Lieben (1878–1913), physicist and inventor
- Felix von Luschan (1854–1924), doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer
- Eugen Margarétha (1885–1963), lawyer and politician
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937), founder of Czechoslovakia and president
- Alexius Meinong (1853–1920), philosopher
- Lise Meitner (1878–1968), nuclear physicist
- Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973), economist
- Paul Morgan (1886–1938), actor
- Max von Oberleithner (1868–1935), composer and conductor
- Paul Amadeus Pisk (1893–1990), composer
- Gabriele Possanner (1860–1940), doctor
- Hans Leo Przibram (1874–1944), zoologist
- Karl Przibram (1878–1973), physicist
- Josef Redlich (1869–1936), lawyer and politician
- Elise Richter (1865–1943), Romance studies
- Josef Freiherr Schey von Koromla (1853–1938), legal scholar
- Arthur Schnitzler (1862–1931), writer and playwright
- Julius Schnitzler (1865–1939), doctor
- Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), physicist, 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics
- Friedrich Walter (1896–1968), historian
Born between 1900 and 1949
- Ludwig Adamovich junior (* 1932), President of the Austrian Constitutional Court
- Hubert Adolph (1926–2007), art historian
- Alfredo Bauer (1924–2016), writer
- Christian Broda (1916–1987), lawyer and politician
- Engelbert Broda (1910–1983), physicist, chemist
- Bertrand Michael Buchmann (* 1949), historian
- Thomas Chorherr (1932–2018), journalist and newspaper editor
- Magic Christian (* 1945), magician and designer
- Felix Czeike (1926–2006), historian
- Helmut Deutsch (* 1945), pianist
- Albert Drach (1902–1995), writer
- Paul Edwards (1923-2004), philosopher
- Caspar Eine (* 1948), Austrian Minister of the Interior, Minister of Transport
- Ernst Federn (1914–2007), psychoanalyst
- Wolfgang Glück (* 1929), director
- Friedrich Heer (1916–1983), writer, historian
- Friedrich Georg Houtermans (1903–1966), physicist and professor of physics in Bern
- Georg Knepler (1906–2003), musicologist
- Walter Kohn (1923–2016), physicist, 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (1901–1976), sociologist
- Lucian O. Meysels (1925–2012), journalist and non-fiction author
- Liliana Nelska (* 1946), actress
- Alfred Payrleitner (1935–2018), journalist and author
- Erwin Ringel (1921–1994), doctor, representative of individual psychology
- Ernst Topitsch (1919–2003), philosopher and sociologist
- Gerhard Tötschinger (1946–2016), writer, actor, director
- Milan Turković (* 1939), Austrian-Croatian bassoonist and conductor
- Georg Vobruba (* 1948), sociologist
- Hans Weigel (1908–1991), writer
- Erich Wilhelm (1912–2005), Evangelical Superintendent in Vienna
Born after 1950
- Gabriel Barylli (* 1957), writer and actor
- Christoph Cech (* 1960), composer
- Christiane Druml (* 1955), lawyer and bioethicist
- Paul Chaim Eisenberg (* 1950), Chief Rabbi of the Israelite Religious Community in Vienna
- Paul Gulda (* 1961), pianist
- Martin Haselböck (* 1954), organist
- Julian Heidrich (* 1991), singer and songwriter, known under the stage name Julian le Play
- Max Hollein (* 1969), curator and museum director
- Peter Stephan Jungk (* 1952), writer
- Markus Kupferblum (* 1964), director
- Niki List (1956–2009), film director
- Miki Malör (* 1957), theater maker and performer
- Paulus Manker (* 1958), actor and director
- Andreas Mailath-Pokorny (* 1959), Vienna City Councilor for Culture and Science
- Doron Rabinovici (* 1961), writer
- Clemens Unterreiner (* 1972), opera singer, soloist and ensemble member of the Vienna State Opera
- Andreas Vitasek (* 1956), cabaret artist, director
- Oliver Vitouch (* 1971), Rector of the University of Klagenfurt and President of the Austrian University Conference
literature
- Academic high school. Vienna 1, Beethovenplatz 1. In: Peter Haiko, Renata Kassal-Mikula: Friedrich von Schmidt. (1825-1891). A Gothic rationalist (= Historical Museum of the City of Vienna. Special exhibition 148). Museums of the City of Vienna, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-85202-102-2 , pp. 86–89.
- Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. Volume 2: De-Gy. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-218-00544-2 , p. 649.
- Robert Winter: The Academic Gymnasium in Vienna. Past and present. Böhlau, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-205-98485-4 .
- Klemens Kerbler (editor): Festschrift for the 450th anniversary of the school's foundation . School community of the Akademisches Gymnasium Wien, Vienna 2003.
- Annual reports of the Academic Gymnasium Vienna.
Web links
- Academic Gymnasium Vienna
- Entry on Academic Gymnasium in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Editions digitized by the Austrian National Library : Annual reports of the Academic Gymnasium, Vienna (online at ANNO ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d 1553/1953 - 400 years of the Academic Gymnasium - Festschrift. (PDF; 557 kB) Association of Friends and Supporters of the Academic Gymnasium, Vienna I, 1953 .
- ↑ 18th commemoration of the Academic Gymnasium Vienna on April 28, 2015. (PDF; 288.4 kB) "Look - look away". In: akg-wien.at. May 20, 2015, p. 3 .
- ↑ Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Konrad Paul Liessmann. In: Media portal of the University of Vienna . Retrieved June 14, 2020 .
- ^ Association of Friends and Patrons of the Academic Gymnasium Vienna I. Accessed on January 20, 2020 .