Artemisia (genus)

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Artemisia
Common mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)

Common mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Sub tribus : Artemisiinae
Genre : Artemisia
Scientific name
Artemisia
L.

Artemisia is a genus of plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Individual species are called mugwort , wormwood , rodwort or rue . This species-rich genus includes 250 to 500 species that occur mainly in the temperate areas . Almost all species have their distribution areas in the northern hemisphere in North America and Eurasia . Only a few species are found in South America and Africa .

Word origin

Artemisia was already mentioned by Dioscurides and Pliny , who used it to describe Artemisia vulgaris and similar species. Allegedly the name of the genus comes from the name of the Greek goddess Artemis Ilithyia (or Artemis Eileithyia ), the sister of the god of healing Apollon as well as obstetrician and protector of childbirth, because of its effectiveness in gynecological problems, or from Queen Artemisia, wife of Mausolos of Halicarnassus , who is said to have made the healing powers known.

description

Illustration from storm of the sagebrush ( Artemisia campestris )
Californian mugwort ( Artemisia californica )
Inflorescence of dune mugwort ( Artemisia pycnocephala )

Vegetative characteristics

Artemisia styles are one to two years or mostly perennial herbaceous plants , half-bushes and rare shrubs and achieve depending on the type stature heights from 3 to 350 centimeters. The plant parts are usually bare and more or less aromatic.

The alternate leaves are stalked or sessile. The leaf blades are single to multiple pinnate.

Generative characteristics

In racemose or paniculate inflorescences there are usually numerous, small, often nodding, cup-shaped partial inflorescences . The envelope (= involucre) is bell-shaped, cylindrical, egg-shaped to spherical and consists of numerous, roof-tile-like arranged, pressed and mostly dry-skinned bracts at the edge . The bottom of the cup is flat, bare or more or less hairy and without chaff leaves.

The flowers are all tubular, either homogamous, hermaphroditic or heterogamous. The flowers in the middle are hermaphroditic and the marginal ones are female. The anthers mostly have lanceolate appendages at the tip. The legs of the stylus often stand out far in the female florets.

The achenes are cylindrical or compressed and have no strong ribs, often more or less mucous. A pappus is usually missing.

Systematics

The genus Artemisia was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, page 845. Synonyms for Artemisia L. are Absinthium Mill. , Chamartemisia Rydb. , Elachanthemum Y.Ling & YRLing , oligosporus Cass. and Seriphidium ( Besser ex Hook. ) Fourr.

Common wedge ( Artemisia abrotanum )
Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium )
Inflorescence of annual mugwort ( Artemisia annua )
Artemisia arborescens inflorescence
Biennial mugwort ( Artemisia biennis )
German tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus )
Black rue ( Artemisia genipi )
Glacier rue ( Artemisia glacialis ) near the Matterhorn
Beach mugwort ( Artemisia maritima )
Forest steppe wormwood ( Artemisia pancicii )
Pontic mugwort ( Artemisia pontica )
True rue ( Artemisia umbelliformis )

The genus Artemisia comprises around 250 to 500 species (selection):

  • Artemisia abaensis Y.R.Ling & SYZhao : It thrives at medium and high altitudes in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Gansu , western Sichuan and eastern Qinghai .
  • Artemisia abbreviata ( Krasch. Ex Korobkov) Krasnob. : It occurs in Siberia .
  • Eberraute ( Artemisia abrotanum L. ): The original home is the Balkan Peninsula , the rest of Southeast Europe to the Caucasus region and Turkey .
  • Wormwood or real wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium L. ): It occurs in temperate Eurasia , India and North Africa.
  • Artemisia abyssinica ( Sch. Bip. Ex A.Rich. ): It occurs in Ethiopia , Eritrea , Yemen and Saudi Arabia .
  • Artemisia adamsii Besser (Syn .: Artemisia depressa Turcz. Ex DC. , Artemisia tenuifolia DC. ): It occurs in southwestern Siberia, in eastern Mongolia and in the eastern part of the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia and the Chinese province of Heilongjiang .
  • Artemisia afghanica Rech. F. & Köie : It only occurs in Afghanistan .
  • Artemisia aflatunensis Poljakov ex UPPratov & Bakanova : It occurs only in Kyrgyzstan .
  • Indian wormwood or smoked wormwood ( Artemisia afra Jacq. Ex Willd. ): It is common in tropical and southern Africa.
  • Artemisia aksaiensis Y.R.Ling : It thrives on hills at altitudes of 3100 to 3800 meters only in the western part of the Chinese province of Gansu .
  • Artemisia alaskana Rydb. (Syn .: Artemisia tyrrellii Rydb. ): It occurs in northern North America in Alaska and Canada.
  • Cola shrub ( Artemisia alba Turra , Syn .: Artemisia achilleifolia Ten. , Artemisia biasolettiana Vis. , Artemisia camphorata Vill. , Artemisia fruticosa Asso , Artemisia humilis Wulfen (non Mill. 1768), Artemisia incanescens Godr. , Artemisia lobelii All. , Artemisia saxatilis Willd. , Artemisia suavis Jord. , Artemisia subcanescens Willd. ): The home is southern Europe with Spain , France , Italy , the Balkan Peninsula and islands of the Aegean Sea, as well as Belgium and northwestern Africa.
  • Artemisia albicaulis Nevski (Syn .: Seriphidium prasinum ( Krasch. Ex Poljakov) Poljakov ): The home is Afghanistan.
  • Artemisia albicerata Krasch. (Syn. Draconia albicerata ( Krasch.) Soják , Oligosporus albiceratus ( Krasch.) Poljakov ): The distribution area is in southwestern Siberia and Kazakhstan.
  • Artemisia alcockii Pamp. : It only occurs in Tajikistan .
  • Artemisia aleutica Hultén : This endemic occurs only in the western Aleutian Islands in the US state of Alaska.
  • Artemisia algeriensis Filatova (Syn .: Seriphidium algeriense ( Filatova) YRLing ): The home is Algeria .
  • Artemisia alpina Pall. ex Willd. (Syn .: Artemisia argentata Klokov , Artemisia caucasica Willd. , Artemisia chamissonis Besser , Artemisia chewsurica Sommier & Levier , Artemisia grossheimii Poljakov , Artemisia lanulosa Klokov , Artemisia monticola K.Koch , Artemisia pumila Hort. Ex link ): The verbal area extends from the distribution area south-eastern Europe with Bulgaria and Romania via Ukraine to the Caucasus region and Turkey .
  • Artemisia ammaniana Besser (Syn. Artemisia coerulescens Ledeb. , Artemisia glauca M.Bieb. Ex Ledeb. , Draconia glauca ( Pall. Ex Willd.) Soják ): The home is Siberia.
  • Artemisia amoena Poljakov : The distribution area extends from southwestern Siberia via Kazakhstan to Mongolia.
  • Artemisia amygdalina Decne. : The homeland is northern Pakistan , the Indian state of Jammu-Kashmir and Afghanistan .
  • Artemisia andersiana Podlech : It only occurs in Afghanistan.
  • Artemisia anethifolia Weber ex Stechm. (Syn .: Absinthium divaricatum Fisch. Ex Besser , Artemisia multicaulis Ledeb. ): The distribution area extends from southern Siberia via Mongolia to northern China.
  • Artemisia anethoides Mattf. (Syn .: Artemisia korotkyi Krasch. , Artemisia zhaodongensis G.Y.Chang & MYLiou ): The distribution area is in Russia, Mongolia and China.
  • Artemisia angustissima Nakai : It occurs in Korea and the Chinese provinces of southern Gansu, Hebei , southeast Heilongjiang , Henan , Jiangsu , Jilin , Liaoning , southern Shaanxi , Shandong and Shanxi .
  • Annual mugwort ( Artemisia annua L. ): The original distribution area extends from Central Asia over the Caucasus region, western Asia to eastern and south-eastern Europe.
  • Artemisia anomala S.Moore : It is native to southeast China, Taiwan and Vietnam.
  • Artemisia apiacea Hance : It occurs only in Japan .
  • Artemisia aralensis Krasch. (Syn .: Seriphidium aralense ( Krasch.) Poljakov ): The homeland is Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan .
  • Artemisia araxina Takht. : The homeland is Azerbaijan and Armenia .
  • Artemisia arborescens ( Vaill.) L. (Syn .: Absinthium arborescens Moench , Absinthium arborescens Vaill. , Artemisia argentea Willk. & Lange , Artemisia elegans Salisb. ): Home is in the Mediterranean area.
  • Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. (Syn .: Seriphidium arbusculum ( Nutt.) WAWeber ): The homeland is the western United States. There are two subspecies.
  • Artemisia arenaria DC. : It occurs in European Russia, Ukraine, Iran, Central Asia and the Caucasus.
  • Madeira mugwort ( Artemisia argentea L'Hér. ): This endemic occurs only on the Madeira archipelago .
  • Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot (Syn .: Artemisia chiarugii Pamp. , Artemisia handel-mazzettii Pamp. , Artemisia nutans Nakai , Artemisia nutantiflora Nakai ): The home is in the southern Russian Far East, Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan. As a neophyte it occurs from Eastern to Southeastern Europe.
  • Artemisia argyrophylla Ledeb. (Syn .: Artemisia brevis Pamp. ): The home is in southwestern Siberia, in Mongolia and in northwestern China.
  • Artemisia armeniaca Lam. (Syn .: Artemisia potentillifolia Spreng. ): The home is Hungary, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus region, western Asia, Kazakhstan and southwestern Siberia.
  • Artemisia arschantinica Darijma : It occurs only in Mongolia.
  • Artemisia aschurbajewii C. Winkl . : The distribution area extends from Central Asia to northwestern China.
  • Artemisia atlantica Coss. & Durieu : The homeland is Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
  • Artemisia atrata Lam. : The home is France, Italy and Slovenia .
  • Artemisia atrovirens Hand .-- Mazz. : It occurs in large parts of China and northern Thailand .
  • Artemisia aucheri Boiss. : It occurs in Iran , Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and western Tibet.
  • Artemisia aurata Kom .: The occurrences range from Mongolia via the extreme southeastern Russia, northeastern China and Korea to Japan.
  • Artemisia australis Less. (Syn. Artemisia hillebrandii Skottsb. ): The home is islands of the Hawaiian archipelago.
  • Austria wormwood , also Austrian mugwort ( Artemisia austriaca Jacq. , Syn .: Artemisia orientalis Willd. , Artemisia repens Willd. ): The original distribution ranges from central Central Europe to the northern Balkan peninsula, central and southern Eastern Europe, western Asia , Central Asia , Siberia and Russia's Far East to northern China.
  • Artemisia austrohimalayana Y.R.Ling & Puri (Syn .: Artemisia austrohimalayaensis Y.R.Ling & Puri , Artemisia tenuifolia Y.R.Ling & Puri ): The homeland are Indian states in the western Himalayas.
  • Artemisia austroyunnanensis Y.Ling & YRLing : The distribution extends from the southern Chinese province of Yunnan via rear India to the Himalayan region.
  • Artemisia avarica Minat. : The homeland is the southern Caucasus region.
  • Artemisia balchanorum Krasch. : It occurs only in Turkmenistan.
  • Artemisia barrelieri Besser : It occurs in Morocco and Spain.
  • Artemisia bashkalensis Kurşat & Civelek : It was first described in 2015 from Turkey.
  • Biennial mugwort ( Artemisia biennis Willd. ): The original range is western Canada and the western and central United States.
  • Artemisia bigelovii A. Gray : It is found in the western United States and in New Mexico and Texas.
  • Artemisia borealis Pall. : It is native to southeastern France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, European Russia, Siberia, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Alaska, Canada and the western United States.
  • Artemisia brevifolia Wall. ex DC. : It occurs in India, northern Pakistan, northeastern Afghanistan and western Xizang.
  • Artemisia caerulescens L .: It occurs in several subspecies in Morocco and southern Europe.
  • Californian mugwort ( Artemisia californica Less. ): It occurs from California to northern Mexico .
  • Field mugwort ( Artemisia campestris L. ): The distribution area is in Eurasia, northern Africa and North America. There are about five subspecies.
  • Artemisia cana Pursh : It occurs in three subspecies in western Canada and in the western and central United States.
  • Artemisia capillaris Thunb. : It occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, the Philippines, Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Mongolia and Far Eastern Russia.
  • Artemisia carruthii Alph. Wood ex Carruth. : It occurs in the United States and northern Mexico.
  • Artemisia caruifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, China and Korea.
  • Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill. : It occurs in northern Spain, southern France, Italy, Bulgaria, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Dagestan.
  • Worm seeds ( Artemisia cina O.Berg ): The home is the Asian steppe areas in northwest China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan .
  • Artemisia codonocephala Diels : It occurs in China, Japan, Korea and in Far Eastern Russia.
  • Artemisia commutata Better : It occurs in Siberia, Mongolia and Far Eastern Russia.
  • Artemisia copa Phil .: The homeland is Argentina and Chile.
  • Artemisia daghestanica Krasch. & Poretzky : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
  • Artemisia desertorum Spreng. : It occurs in Pakistan, India, Nepal, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and Russia.
  • Moxa herb ( Artemisia douglasiana Besser ex Hook. , Syn .: Artemisia heterophylla Besser ): The home is Washington, Oregon, California and Nevada.
  • German tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus L. ): It is native to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Siberia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, India, northern China, Alaska, Canada, the United States and Mexico.
  • Artemisia dzevanovskyi Leonova : It occurs in Ukraine and Romania.
  • Artemisia filifolia Torr. : It is found in Canada, the western and central United States, and northern Mexico.
  • Artemisia flahaultii Emb. & Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
  • Artemisia fragrans Willd. : It occurs in Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan and the Caucasus region.
  • Artemisia frigida Willd. : It occurs in European Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Alaska, Canada and the United States.
  • Artemisia fukudo Makino : It occurs in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Zhejiang.
  • Artemisia furcata M. Bieb. : It occurs in Siberia, Far Eastern Russia, Alaska, Canada and Washington.
  • Ehrige Edelraute also Black Edelraute ( Artemisia genipi Weber ): The home is the Alps from France via Italy, Switzerland , Liechtenstein and Austria to Slovenia.
  • Glacier rue ( Artemisia glacialis L. ): It is native to the southwestern Alps in France, Italy and Switzerland.
  • Heiligenbeifuß ( Artemisia gmelinii Weber , Syn .: Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. , Artemisia vestita Wall. Ex DC. ): The distribution area includes Eastern Europe, southern Siberia, Central Asia, the Himalayan region, Mongolia, northern China, Russia's Far East, Korea and Japan, India, Nepal and northern Pakistan.
  • Artemisia gorgonum Webb : This endemic occurs only on Cape Verde .
  • Artemisia granatensis Boiss. : It only occurs in Spain.
  • Artemisia henriettae Krasch. : This endemic occurs only in the area of Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land .
  • Artemisia herba-alba Asso : It occurs in France, Spain, Morocco, Turkey, Syria, Israel, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia .
  • Artemisia hololeuca Besser : It occurs in Ukraine and in European Russia.
  • Artemisia huguetii Caball. : It only occurs in Morocco.
  • Artemisia ifranensis J. Didier : It occurs only in Morocco.
  • Artemisia incana (L.) Druce : It occurs in Western Asia and in the Caucasus.
  • Artemisia inculta Delile : It occurs in Crete, Libya, Egypt and on the Sinai Peninsula.
  • Artemisia indica Willd. : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Japan and Taiwan.
  • Artemisia insipida Vill. : The home is France; this species is considered extinct.
  • Artemisia japonica Thunb. : It occurs in Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Japan, Korea and in Far Eastern Russia.
  • Artemisia judaica L .: It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Egypt in Chad, in Saudi Arabia, Israel and in Jordan.
  • Schlitzblatt wormwood , also Schlitzblättriger Mugwort ( Artemisia laciniata Willd. ): The wide distribution area in Europe includes Germany and Austria and ranges from Russia to Central Asia to East Asia and in North America from Alaska and Canada to the western United States and New Mexico.
  • Elfenraute or White China Mugwort ( Artemisia lactiflora Wall. Ex DC. ): The distribution extends from south-central China and Taiwan via Indochina and Indonesia to the Indian subcontinent .
  • Artemisia lagocephala (Fish. Ex Besser) DC. : It occurs in Siberia, China and Russia's Far East.
  • Artemisia lancea Vaniot : It occurs in China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan and is a neophyte in Romania.
  • Artemisia leucodes Schrenk : It occurs in Tajikistan and Kazakhstan.
  • Artemisia longifolia Nutt. : It occurs in western Canada and in the northwest and north-central United States.
  • Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. : It occurs in six subspecies in Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
  • Artemisia lucentica O. Bolòs & al. : It only occurs in Spain.
  • Artemisia magellanica Sch.Bip. : The home is southern South America.
  • Beach wormwood ( Artemisia maritima L. ): It is native to the coastal areas of the United Kingdom and Ireland and from France to Norway , Sweden and Estonia.
  • Artemisia mauiensis (A. Gray) Skottsb. : It occurs in Hawaii.
  • Artemisia mesatlantica Maire : It occurs only in Morocco.
  • Artemisia michauxiana Besser : It is found in Canada and the western United States.
  • Artemisia molinieri Quezel & al. : It occurs in France.
  • Artemisia mongolica (Fisch. Ex Besser) Nakai : It occurs in Central Asia, Russia, China, Korea and Taiwan.
  • Artemisia monosperma Delile : It occurs in Libya, Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, Israel, Lebanon and Jordan.
  • Artemisia montana (Nakai) Pamp. : It occurs in China, Japan, Korea and Russia's Far East.
  • Artemisia moorcroftiana Wall. ex DC. : It occurs in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and China.
  • Artemisia myriantha Wall. ex Besser : It occurs in China, India, Nepal, Bhutan and in northern Myanmar.
  • Artemisia negrei Ouyahya : It occurs only in Morocco.
  • Shiny rue ( Artemisia nitida Bertol. ): The home is the southern Alps in Austria, Italy and Slovenia.
  • Snow rue ( Artemisia nivalis Braun-Blanq. ): This endemic occurs only in Valais in Switzerland.
  • Artemisia norvegica Fr .: It occurs in two subspecies in Scotland, Norway, European Russia, Siberia and Far Eastern Russia, and also in Alaska, Canada and the western United States.
  • Artemisia nova A. Nelson : It occurs in western New Mexico and the western United States.
  • Artemisia oelandica (Better) Krasch. : It only occurs in Sweden.
  • Artemisia oranensis Filatova : It occurs in Algeria and Morocco.
  • Artemisia ordosica Krasch. : It occurs in China.
  • Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC. : It occurs in southern India.
  • Forest steppe mugwort , also forest steppe wormwood ( Artemisia pancicii Ronniger ex Danihelka & Marhold ): The home is Austria, the Czech Republic and Serbia .
  • Artemisia papposa S.F. Blake & Cronquist : It occurs in the US states of Oregon, Idaho and Nevada.
  • Artemisia pauciflora Weber ex Stechm. : It occurs in southeastern European Russia, in Altai and in western Kazakhstan.
  • Artemisia pedatifida Nutt. : It occurs in the US states of Colorado , Idaho , Wyoming and Montana .
  • Artemisia pedemontana Balb. : It occurs in Spain, Italy and Bulgaria.
  • Artemisia poljakovii Filatova : It occurs only in Algeria.
  • Pontic mugwort ( Artemisia pontica L. ): It is distributed from Southeast , Central and Eastern Europe to northern Kazakhstan to Siberia and China.
  • Artemisia porteri Cronquist : It occurs in the US states of Wyoming and southern Montana.
  • Artemisia princeps Pamp. (Yomogi or Japanese mugwort): It occurs in Japan, Korea and China.
  • Dune mugwort ( Artemisia pycnocephala (Less.) DC. , Syn .: Oligosporus pycnocephalus Less. ): It occurs only in California.
  • Artemisia pygmaea A. Gray : It occurs in the US states Colorado, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and New Mexico .
  • Artemisia ramosa book : It occurs only in Tenerife and Gran Canaria .
  • Artemisia reptan's book : It occurs in Morocco and on Tenerife, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria.
  • Artemisia rigida (Nutt.) A.Gray : It occurs in eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, western Idaho, and northwestern Montana.
  • Rock mugwort ( Artemisia rupestris L. , Syn .: Absinthium laxum Lam. , Absinthium rupestre (L.) Cabinet , Absinthium viride Besser , Absinthium viridifolium (Ledeb.) Besser , Artemisia dentata Willd. , Artemisia viridifolia Ledeb. ): The home is Germany, Estonia , Sweden and northern European Russia as well as Afghanistan, Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, northwestern China and also the Canadian Yukon Territory on the American continent .
  • Artemisia rutifolia Spreng. : It occurs in Central Asia, Siberia, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, Mongolia and China.
  • Artemisia saharae Pomel : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia.
  • Artemisia santolinifolia Turcz. ex Besser : It occurs in European Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Siberia, Central Asia, Mongolia and China.
  • Salt steppe wormwood ( Artemisia santonicum L. ): It is a Pannonian salt steppe plant .
  • Artemisia schmidtiana Maxim. : It occurs in Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Hokkaido and Honshu.
  • Broom mugwort ( Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kitam. , Syn .: Absinthium laxum Lam. , Artemisia elegans Roxb. , Artemisia kohatica Klatt , Artemisia scopariiformis Popov , Artemisia scoparioides Grossh. , Oligosporus scoparius (Waldst. & Kit. ): Poljakovarius (Waldst. & Kit.) The distribution is in Central, Southeast and Eastern Europe as well as in temperate Asia, in Egypt and in Pakistan.
  • Artemisia scopulorum A. Gray : It occurs in Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah and New Mexico.
  • Artemisia sieberi Better : It occurs in Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey.
  • Sivers mugwort ( Artemisia siversiana Ehrh. , Syn .: Absinthium sieversianum (Ehrhart ex Willd.) Better , Artemisia chrysolepis Kitag. , Artemisia koreana Nakai , Artemisia moxa DC. , Artemisia scaposa Kitag. , Artemisia sparsa Kitag. , Carpesium gigas H.Lév . & Vaniot ): The distribution area is Central Asia, the Himalayan region, southern Siberia, Far Eastern Russia, China, Korea, Japan, India and Pakistan. In Eastern European Russia and Ukraine, this species is a neophyte.
  • Artemisia songarica Schrenk ex Fisch. & CAMey. : It occurs in southeastern Kazakhstan and in northern Xinjiang.
  • Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. : It occurs in Mongolia and China.
  • Artemisia stelleriana Besser : It occurs in Russia's Far East, Alaska, Japan and northern Korea.
  • Artemisia suksdorfii Piper : It occurs in southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California.
  • Artemisia szowitziana (Better) Grossh. : It occurs in Azerbaijan, Armenia and the Caucasus region.
  • Artemisia taurica Willd. : It occurs in Crimea, Turkey and the Caucasus region.
  • Artemisia terrae-albae Krasch. : It occurs in southeastern European Russia, Kazakhstan, northern Xinjiang and Mongolia.
  • Artemisia thuscula Cav. : It occurs in the Canary Islands.
  • Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. : It occurs in European Russia, Siberia, Far Eastern Russia, Japan, Alaska, Canada, and the northwestern United States.
  • Armenian mugwort ( Artemisia tournefortiana Rchb. ): It is widespread from the Middle East across Central Asia, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Siberia, Mongolia to western China. In southern, central and eastern Europe this species is a neophyte.
  • Artemisia transiliensis Poljakov : It occurs only in Kyrgyzstan.
  • Sagittarius ( Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ): The home is in western North America from Canada via the USA to northern Mexico. There are four subspecies.
  • Artemisia tripartita Rydb. : It occurs in two subspecies in British Columbia , Washington , Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and Nevada.
  • True rue ( Artemisia umbelliformis L. ): It thrives in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe . There are two subspecies.
  • Artemisia vallesiaca All. : It occurs in France, Switzerland and Italy.
  • Kamchatka mugwort ( Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte ): Home is in China and Taiwan; it is widely naturalized in Europe, Madeira, Algeria, Armenia and South America.
  • Common mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris L. ): Today it is distributed by humans in almost all regions of the northern hemisphere.

use

Artemisia species were already known as medicinal and aromatic plants in ancient times . Almost all Artemisia species contain a lot of bitter substances and essential oils . They are mainly cultivated because of their decorative, often fragrant and sometimes insect-repellent leaves.

The annual mugwort is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a malaria remedy. The therapy against malaria recommended by the WHO is based on extracts from annual mugwort (see artemisinin ). According to a laboratory study, there is also an antiviral effect with regard to SARS-CoV-2 , the virus of the COVID-19 pandemic .

swell

literature

  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe - with special consideration of Germany, Austria and Switzerland . VI. Volume, 2nd half. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1928–1929.
  • Leila M. Shultz: Artemisia. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 503 (English). , online .

Individual evidence

  1. C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis historia. Edited by D. Detlefsen , I – VI (in 3 volumes), Berlin 1866–1882, here: Volume 4, p. 85: Plinius XXV, 73 f. ("Mulieres quoque hanc gloriam adfectavere, in quibus Artemisia uxor Mausoli adoptata herba quae antea parthenis vocabatur; sunt qui from Artemide Ilithyia cognominatam putent, quoniam privatim medeatur feminarum mali.")
  2. Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 2 . Stockholm 1753, p. 845 ( scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org - Artemisia scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct Artemisia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore): Artemisia. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube: Compositae. The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Euro + Med Editorial Committee, accessed January 14, 2019 (updated 2011-01).
  5. ^ Artemisia. In: Global Compositae Checklist . Retrieved on March 26, 2012 (English, assessment of species names with regard to the degree of probability of their validity).
  6. Leila M. Shultz: Artemisia. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 503 (English). , Online (Engl.)
  7. a b c d e f g h Lin Yourun (Ling Yuou-ruen), Christopher J. Humphries, Michael G. Gilbert: Asteraceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , pp. 676 (English). Artemisia - online with the same text as the printed work. (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
  8. a b Ilkka Kukkonen: Asteraceae (1) - Anthemideae . In: Abdul Ghafoor (ed.): Flora of Pakistan . tape 207 . Department of Botany, University of Karachi u. a., Karachi et al. a. 2002, OCLC 183121057 , Artemisia , p. 93 (English, online section description, text identical to the printed work).
  9. Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com): Artemisia - an herb against COVID-19? | DW | 06/25/2020. Retrieved June 26, 2020 (German).

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