Bertelsmann

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Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA

logo
legal form SE & Co. KGaA
founding July 1, 1835
Seat Gutersloh , GermanyGermanyGermany 
management
Number of employees 126,447
sales 18 billion euros
Branch Media , services , education
Website bertelsmann.de
As of December 31, 2019

The Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA is an international company with headquarters in Gütersloh and other centers in New York , Beijing , New Delhi and Sao Paulo . It is one of the world's largest media companies and is also active in the service industry and in education .

Carl Bertelsmann founded the company as a book publisher in 1835. After the Second World War , under the leadership of Reinhard Mohn , Bertelsmann developed from a medium-sized company to a large corporation that not only offers books, but also television, radio, music, magazines and services. The main divisions are the RTL Group , Penguin Random House , Gruner + Jahr , BMG , Arvato , the Bertelsmann Printing Group , Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.

Bertelsmann is an unlisted, capital market-oriented company that is still largely controlled by the Mohn family that owns it.

history

19th and 20th centuries

founding

Company logo of the publisher on Carl Bertelsmann's grave in Gütersloh (2012)

The nucleus of today's group is the C. Bertelsmann Verlag, founded by Carl Bertelsmann in Gütersloh in 1835 . Carl Bertelsmann was a representative of the Minden-Ravensberg revival movement , whose literature he brought out in his publishing house. The publisher, which initially specialized in theological literature, initially expanded its program to include school and textbooks, and since the 1920s and 1930s increasingly in the field of entertainment literature .

Bertelsmann in the Third Reich

Heinrich Mohn, who had taken over the management of the company in 1921, was a sponsor of the SS and wanted to turn his company into a National Socialist model company. During the Second War, the C.-Bertelsmann-Verlag became the largest supplier to the Wehrmacht , even before the central publishing house of the NSDAP Franz Eher . Between 1939 and 1941 in particular, the turnover of C. Bertelsmann Verlag rose sharply. The company made a name for itself above all with the inexpensive “Bertelsmann People's Editions”. War adventure books, which often contain "undisguised and often massive war propaganda", were commercially successful. An example of this is Werner von Langsdorff's “Fliegerbuch”. Another author of the C. Bertelsmann Verlag was Will Vesper , who fought against Jewish literature and in 1933 participated as the main speaker in a book burning "un-German literature". The National Socialist regime banned some publications because some authors tried to bring the Church and National Socialists closer together, which aroused the distrust of those in power.

Jewish forced laborers were not employed in Gütersloh, but in printing works in Lithuania that C. Bertelsmann Verlag worked with. In 1944 the Reichsschrifttumskammer ordered the closure to mobilize “all forces for victory”. One of the main reasons for this was criminal paper-pushing by employees of the publishing house, which led to a trial in 1944 . Nevertheless, the employees continued to be employed and the material supplies were retained for the company, which enabled its rise in the post-war period.

In 1998 Bertelsmann still claimed that the publishing house had been closed during the Nazi era because of the dissemination of opposition publications. Doubts about this account led to the establishment of an independent historical commission in 1998. This worked on the 175-year history of the media company.

Reconstruction, entry into the music business

After the end of the war, the company presented itself to the Allied control authorities as a Christian resistance publisher that had been politically persecuted. Connections to National Socialist organizations were initially denied. Mohn initially withheld his sponsoring membership from the British occupation authorities. After it became known that false or at least inadequate information had been given, Heinrich Mohn resigned as publishing director. Reinhard Mohn took over the C. Bertelsmann Verlag from his three sons because Hans Heinrich Mohn had died in the war and Sigbert Mohn was still in captivity. In 1947 the Allies finally granted a publishing license. After the currency reform in 1948 , a sales crisis set in in the book trade, which also led to an existential crisis at C. Bertelsmann. Under these circumstances, the Bertelsmann Lesering (formerly Book Club) was founded in 1950 to boost sales. Customers bought books by subscription and received a lower price for them. The business increasingly shifted from publishing to distributing books, which was crucial for further growth.

In 1959 the C. Bertelsmann Verlag was restructured: From then on, theological literature appeared in the Gütersloh publishing house , which was merged with the Rufer Verlag. Fiction, poetry and art came under the umbrella of Sigbert Mohn Verlag. The C.-Bertelsmann-Verlag now concentrated on non-fiction books, in particular encyclopedias , guides, specialist books and specialist journals . In the 1950s and 1960s, Bertelsmann expanded its activities to include new business areas: For example, the company entered the music market in 1956 with the record ring. Two years later, Ariola, one of the most successful German music labels, was founded, and the Sonopress press shop was established almost at the same time . Bertelsmann laid the foundation for the service business with the Buch und Ton commission house, which later became the United Publishing House. In 1964 Bertelsmann bought the already broken UFA from Deutsche Bank and built on its presence in film and television. In 1967 Bertelsmann bought the Platow Brief from the Hamburg business journalist Robert Platow . In 1969 Bertelsmann acquired shares in the magazine publisher Gruner + Jahr . A planned merger with Axel Springer , for which a loan in the millions was temporarily taken out by the Westdeutsche Landesbank , failed in 1970.

Conversion into a stock corporation

Portrait of Reinhard Mohn (2008)

From 1971 Bertelsmann operated as a stock corporation . The increasingly diversifying book publishers were bundled in the Bertelsmann publishing group at the end of the 1960s . In 1972 the company moved its headquarters from Gütersloh to Munich. Central areas remained in Gütersloh, for which a new office building was built at the Group's headquarters in 1976. To this day it is the headquarters of the corporate center . The rapid growth of the group led to structural and financial problems. In the 1970s, Bertelsmann's financing needs came to a head. From 1975 to 1980, for example, the return on sales fell to less than one percent. In addition, the group was exposed to new regulatory requirements in its home market, in particular due to laws on merger control . Major acquisitions became virtually impossible. At the same time, a saturation of the German market for Bertelsmann Lesering was noticeable, while the foreign book clubs generated most of the sales in this division.

Reinhard Mohn retires and management changes

The internationalization of the group, which began in the 1960s, was pushed further: Among other things, Bertelsmann invested in the publishing houses Plaza & Janés , based in Barcelona, and Bantam Books from New York . A subsidiary was established for Ariola in the United States and Arista Records was bought. During the economic crisis of 1979/1980 , discussions about the successor to Reinhard Mohn also took place . In 1981 he moved to the supervisory board. Manfred Fischer , who had previously been CEO of Gruner + Jahr, became the new CEO . This was the first time that Bertelsmann was in charge of a manager who did not belong to the owner's family. His successor as CEO of Bertelsmann was Mark Wössner in 1983 . At the beginning of his term of office, the affair about the forged Hitler diaries took place , which damaged the public reputation of Stern magazine , the Gruner + Jahr publishing house and the entire group.

International expansion, establishment of the Bertelsmann Foundation

Mark Wössner tied the subsidiaries more closely to the headquarters in Gütersloh. This particularly affected business development and controlling . Under the leadership of Mark Wössner, Bertelsmann also took a stake in RTL plus , the first private television broadcaster in Germany. In 1986 Bertelsmann bought the majority in RCA Records and merged its activities in the music market in the new Bertelsmann Music Group . Sonopress, a company founded in 1958 for the production of sound carriers, was not part of the Bertelsmann Music Group, but was part of the printing and industrial sector at the time. Another well -known American publisher was acquired with Doubleday . As a result, the group rose to an internationally known company; Bertelsmann was at times the world's largest media company.

In the 1990/1991 financial year , Bertelsmann had over 45,000 employees and annual sales of 14½ billion marks. Around 63 percent of this was done outside Germany, with the USA being the most important foreign market. After the reunification of Germany and the end of the Cold War , Bertelsmann expanded to Eastern Germany and Central and Eastern Europe. For example, the first branch of Club Bertelsmann was opened in Dresden in 1989 . The spread of the Internet as a mass medium and the change in Bertelsmann's ownership structure shaped the further development of the group in the 1990s . In 1993 Reinhard Mohn transferred the majority of the capital shares to the Bertelsmann Foundation and took over its chairmanship. The foundation financed itself from the profits of the group.

Diversification of several company areas

Penguin Random House Tower in New York (2005)

In 1994 Gruner + Jahr acquired the New York Times magazines , which enabled the group to once again expand its presence in the most important foreign market. From 1995 there was a Multimedia division at Bertelsmann . At its center was AOL Europe , a joint venture between America Online and Bertelsmann. Bertelsmann had previously acquired a direct stake in America Online. The Multimedia division also included mediaWays and Pixelpark . In 1997 the UFA merged with the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) to form a joint entertainment group based in Luxembourg . Bertelsmann was able to significantly diversify its business with CLT-UFA. In 1998 Thomas Middelhoff replaced Mark Wössner as CEO of Bertelsmann. Thomas Middelhoff was previously responsible for the multimedia division as a member of the board. Mark Wössner moved to the company's supervisory board and from then on headed the Bertelsmann Foundation.

At the time of the change in management, the takeover of the US publisher Random House fell . This made the group the largest publishing group in the English-speaking world. Random House was merged with Bantam Doubleday Dell, and the headquarters of all Bertelsmann publishers were located in New York . In 1999 Bertelsmann bought Springer Wissenschaftsverlag , which was among other things the market leader for mathematics and physics . In 2000 Bertelsmann parted ways with AOL Europe. The sale of the shares in the joint venture to America Online brought Bertelsmann billions. In the same year Bertelsmann and the media group Pearson formed the RTL Group from their TV subsidiaries CLT-UFA and Pearson TV . Bertelsmann initially owned a minority in the company, but gradually increased its stake. Bertelsmann later secured the majority of the shares in RTL through a share swap with Groupe Bruxelles Lambert (GBL), which then owned 25.1% of the shares in the group.

21st century

Consolidation and holdings in the music business

Under the leadership of Thomas Middelhoff, Bertelsmann increased its involvement in the Internet, with the participation in Napster receiving greater media attention. One of the aims of the cooperation was to curb the illegal distribution of copyrighted material. In 2001 the service had to close due to legal disputes. Bertelsmann was exposed to claims for damages from the music industry. In order to finance the further growth of the group, Thomas Middelhoff brought up an IPO for Bertelsmann. There was a fundamental conflict with the Mohn family. In 2002 Gunter Thielen became Bertelsmann's new CEO, and some media commented critically on the change.

A phase of consolidation followed in order to solve the problems of the core business. Bertelsmann sold, for example, of unprofitable e-commerce companies, among others, were bol.de and the online store of Barnes & Noble sold. Gruner + Jahr parted with the Berliner Zeitung , and the science publisher BertelsmannSpringer was also given up again. In the 2003 financial year, the group announced that it would bring its BMG music business into a joint venture with Sony Music . Bertelsmann and Sony each owned half of the shares. With the transaction, the parties wanted to respond to declining sales in the music market. In addition, Gunter Thielen initiated the repurchase of the shares from Groupe Bruxelles Lambert, so that the Mohn family again fully controlled the group from 2006. This measure was financed , among other things, with the sale of the music rights business to the French media group Vivendi and its subsidiary Universal Music Group . During Gunter Thielen's term of office , the number of employees at Bertelsmann exceeded 100,000 for the first time.

Strengthening the book division and education business

In 2008 Hartmut Ostrowski was appointed chairman of the board. Bertelsmann sold its shares in the record label Sony BMG, since then the company has been called Sony Music Entertainment . In 2008 Bertelsmann acquired the rights to the Brockhaus Encyclopedia , and the lexicon was published by Wissen Media Verlag . At the end of 2011, Hartmut Ostrowski surprisingly announced that he would be leaving Bertelsmann for personal reasons. Thomas Rabe has been CEO of Bertelsmann since 2012 .

In 2013, Bertelsmann floated part of its shares in the RTL Group in order to use the proceeds from the sale to finance further growth. In 2013, Penguin Random House, the world's largest consumer publisher, came into being. In 2014, Gruner + Jahr was completely taken over by Bertelsmann. Bertelsmann also invested heavily in the education sector under the leadership of Thomas Rabe: One example of this is the acquisition of the US provider Relias Learning in 2014. The company is part of the Bertelsmann Education Group, which was founded in 2015. The Bertelsmann Club was wound up, against which individual sales partners are legally defending themselves. In 2016, the group bundled its printing business in the Bertelsmann Printing Group , the largest printing group in Europe.

Continuation of the growth strategy

With the structure of eight corporate divisions introduced in 2016, Bertelsmann positioned itself more broadly. In order to further strengthen its core business, Bertelsmann increased its stake in Penguin Random House from 53 to 75 percent in 2017. With the partial withdrawal of Pearson, Bertelsmann secured a strategic three-quarters majority in the world's largest publisher. This publishes, among other things, the memoirs of Michelle and Barack Obama .

Arvato was tied closer to the group, among other things through changes in management . Since then, the heads of the individual divisions (solution groups) have reported directly to members of the Bertelsmann Executive Board. For the customer relationship management business, strategic options were examined and in 2018 the decision was made to found the Majorel company with the Saham Group. It is one of the leading market players in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

The growing education business was strengthened by the takeover of the US provider OnCourse Learning in 2018. It was one of the Group's largest transactions in the US market. The company offers digital advanced and advanced training courses for customers from the healthcare and financial sectors. Bertelsmann itself is committed to lifelong learning and awarded in 2017 and 2019, tens of thousands Udacity - scholarships to talented prospective training including in big data , cloud computing and artificial intelligence to enable.

Cross-group alliances

Bertelsmann promoted greater cooperation between the corporate divisions and opened up to cooperation with other media companies. One example of this is the Ad Alliance, which was launched in 2017, in which Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland and Gruner + Jahr bundled the marketing of their advertising spaces. Meanwhile, the marketers of Spiegel , Axel Springer and the Funke media group have also joined. The Ad Alliance reaches over 99 percent of the German population.

In 2019, Bertelsmann also strengthened the cooperation between the German content businesses by founding the Content Alliance, which is headed by Julia Jäkel . This applies in particular to the television and radio stations of Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland, the TV production company UFA , the publishing group Random House , Gruner + Jahr and the music company BMG . The Bertelsmann Content Alliance develops common formats and creates comprehensive offers for creative people.

Group structure

legal form

From 1971 to 2012 Bertelsmann was a stock corporation under German law. The group was then converted into a partnership limited by shares , the general partner of which is a Societas Europaea . Bertelsmann justified this step with the aim of opening up to investors . Above all, they should participate in the financing of further growth. The media referred to the change in legal form as a "turning point" because it also made it possible to go public . This was ultimately not implemented. Bertelsmann is now a capital market-oriented company that issues bonds , for example . The group has been reporting according to the International Financial Reporting Standards since 2001 .

owner

The new legal form did not change the ownership structure of Bertelsmann: The Mohn family had already established the Bertelsmann Foundation in the 1970s and 1980s , which has owned the majority of the capital in Bertelsmann since 1993. Tax reasons also played a role. In addition, the continuity of the company should be preserved in this way.

According to the group, the Mohn family holds 19.1% of the shares in Bertelsmann. The Bertelsmann Foundation, the Reinhard Mohn Foundation and the BVG Foundation together account for 80.9%. The Bertelsmann management company has a decisive influence on the group: It bundles all voting rights of the Mohn family and the foundations involved; together, they come to 100 percent of the votes in the general meetings of the group company Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA and its general partner Bertelsmann Management SE .

guide

Thomas Rabe , CEO since 2012

The Board of Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA is responsible for the Bertelsmann Management SE . Thomas Rabe is chairman of the executive board of Bertelsmann Management SE . Markus Dohle , Immanuel Hermreck and Bernd Hirsch also belong to the committee . In 2012, Bertelsmann also created the Group Management Committee , which advises the Executive Board on important issues. The media addressed the fact that a comparatively large number of women were appointed to this committee .

The Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA and the Bertelsmann Management SE have a respective Supervisory Board , the Board monitored. In 2013, Christoph Mohn took over the chairmanship of both bodies. From the ranks of the family, Liz Mohn and Brigitte Mohn also sit on the supervisory boards of both companies.

Locations

Bertelsmann's headquarters have been located in the Avenwedde district of Gütersloh since the 1970s, with a floor area of ​​around 26,100 square meters. The office buildings were built in 1976 and expanded in 1990. In addition to the usual facilities, Bertelsmann University, a university for corporate executives, is located in Gütersloh headquarters. In 1992 Bertelsmann bought the Bertelsmann Building in New York and relocated its headquarters for North America there. The building was sold again in 2004. The Berlin representative office was opened in 2003 in the commandant's house . As part of the internationalization, Bertelsmann set up additional locations at corporate level (Corporate Center) in Beijing (2006), New Delhi (2012) and São Paulo (2012).

Bertelsmann has almost 350 locations worldwide with all corporate divisions. The majority is in Europe, where the group generates most of its sales. In recent years, the group has increasingly concentrated on the emerging markets of Brazil , China and India . In Brazil, activities in the education sector in particular were expanded. Bertelsmann has been active in China since 1992, and today all corporate divisions are represented there. In India, the group is focusing on growth in the e-commerce sector, among other things .

Divisions

Bertelsmann is a decentralized group. This means that the individual areas of the company work largely independently. The group holding takes on central tasks, for example in the area of corporate finance . Today the group consists of eight divisions: RTL Group (television and radio), Penguin Random House (books), Gruner + Jahr (magazines), BMG (music rights), Arvato (services), Bertelsmann Education Group (education), Bertelsmann Printing Group (Print) and Bertelsmann Investments (holdings).

RTL Group

RTL Group logo

The RTL Group is a leading European entertainment provider based in Luxembourg . The company operates advertising-financed private television and radio stations in several countries, including RTL and VOX in Germany. In 2015, the RTL Digital Hub was founded as a separate unit for web videos . Production companies such as FremantleMedia are also part of the RTL Group. In January 1997, Bertelsmann merged the UFA film and television company with the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT for short). The merger of CLT-UFA with Pearson TV in 2000 marked the beginning of the RTL Group. The company is listed and has been majority owned by Bertelsmann since 2001. After the sale of shares in 2013, the proportion is 75.1%. In 2019, sales amounted to 6.651 billion euros.

Penguin Random House

Penguin Random House logo

Penguin Random House is the world's largest book publisher. The company was created in 2013 through the merger of the book divisions of Bertelsmann and Pearson . With the takeover of Random House in 1998, the group had risen to become the largest book publisher in the English-speaking world. The company has around 250 publishers on five continents, including, in addition to Random House and Penguin Books , Doubleday , Knopf and Viking . The German publishing group Random House , based in Munich, is not part of Penguin Random House, but belongs to the same division at Bertelsmann. Penguin Random House is headquartered in the Random House Tower in New York and has been wholly owned by Bertelsmann since 2020. In 2019, worldwide sales of 3.371 billion euros were achieved.

Gruner + Jahr

Logo from Gruner + Jahr

Gruner + Jahr is an internationally active magazine publisher based in Hamburg . The publications include Brigitte , Geo and Stern , and the company also has a majority stake in Motor Presse Stuttgart . In 2015, Gruner + Jahr was present in over twenty countries. The stores in the USA have now been sold, and Germany and France are the most important markets in terms of sales today. Bertelsmann has held a stake in Gruner + Jahr since 1969. The group gradually bought shares from Richard Gruner , Gerd Bucerius and John Jahr . In 1976, 74.9% of Gruner + Jahr were owned by Bertelsmann. In 2014, Bertelsmann finally took over the company completely. In 2019, Gruner + Jahr's sales totaled 1.355 billion euros.

BMG

BMG logo

BMG is a music publisher based in Berlin. BMG's catalog includes rights to works by, for example, Celine Dion , Jennifer Lopez , Ronan Keating and Britney Spears . The company was launched in 2008 after the group temporarily withdrew from the music market. Bertelsmann had retained the rights to 200 mainly European artists after the sale of half of Sony BMG to the Sony Corporation of America. In 2009 Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. joined BMG and from then on held the majority in the company with 51%, Bertelsmann came to 49%. BMG has been wholly owned by Bertelsmann again since 2013. In 2016, BMG became a division of Bertelsmann. In 2019, sales were 600 million euros.

Arvato

Arvato logo

Arvato is an international service company . The company was founded in its current form in 1999. At that time, Bertelsmann's printing and industrial divisions were restructured, which gave services more weight than the printing and technology divisions of that time. Bertelsmann has been active as a service company since the 1950s; for example, it took over the delivery of books for other publishers. The United Publishing House is still part of Arvato today. In addition, Arvato now provides services, for example in the areas of customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM) and finance, as well as information technology . Arvato's headquarters are in Gütersloh, and there are locations in 22 countries, including China and the United States . In 2019, sales had a volume of 4.175 billion euros.

Bertelsmann Printing Group

Logo of the Bertelsmann Printing Group

In 2016, the group bundled its digital , offset and gravure printing activities in the Bertelsmann Printing Group. It is the largest representative of the branch in Europe. The corporate group is based in Gütersloh. In addition to GGP Media , Mohn Media , Prinovis , Sonopress, Vogel Druck and a few other companies, Be Printers also belongs to the Bertelsmann Printing Group . Be Printers, in turn, is an offshoot of Arvato that was launched in 2012 to consolidate the Group's activities in the printing business. Business has been under pressure for years due to decreasing circulation. In 2019, the Bertelsmann Printing Group achieved sales of 1.568 billion euros.

Bertelsmann Education Group

Logo of the Bertelsmann Education Group

The Bertelsmann Education Group is the group 's corporate group for the education sector. It was founded in 2015 and is based in New York . It includes, for example, Alliant International University in California and Relias Learning. The acquisition of Relias Learning in 2014 laid the foundation for the Bertelsmann Education Group and was the largest acquisition by Bertelsmann since the acquisition of Random House . In 2019, the Bertelsmann Education Group generated sales of 333 million euros.

Bertelsmann Investments

Bertelsmann Investments logo

This division bundles Bertelsmann's start-up investments. Bertelsmann Digital Media Investments is based in Gütersloh and has focused primarily on the United States since 2014 . With Bertelsmann Asia Investments, Bertelsmann Brazil Investments and Bertelsmann India Investments there are three other funds that are active in the growth regions defined by the group. Bertelsmann Investments is involved in a total of over 100 start-ups, primarily from the digital economy. In 2019 the turnover was 13 million euros.

criticism

In the 1990s, critical questions were asked about the role of C. Bertelsmann Verlag in the Third Reich. The trigger was a speech by CEO Thomas Middelhoff on the occasion of receiving the Vernon A. Walters Award . Middelhoff presented Bertelsmann as one of the few media companies that was shut down by the National Socialists for publishing subversive literature. This assessment was sharply criticized , for example, by the publicist Hersch Fischler . The speech sparked widespread public debate and, at the end of 1998, the group finally set up the independent historical commission. This was headed by Saul Friedländer , other members were Norbert Frei , Trutz Rendtorff and Reinhard Wittmann . The UHK presented an interim report in 2000 and its final report in 2002. He found, for example, that the assertion that C. Bertelsmann Verlag had resisted National Socialism was clearly incorrect. The "closure as a resistance publisher" could not be proven. The historian Volker Ullrich wrote in the weekly newspaper Die Zeit that nothing was left of the “alleged resistance publisher”. The files of the UHK have been publicly accessible in the corporate archive of the group in Gütersloh since 2003.

Because of the criticism of the Bertelsmann Foundation, Bertelsmann is in the public interest. The foundation was accused of exerting political influence and mixing non-profit and private interests. In 2010 the journalist Thomas Schuler published a book on the subject. The political cabaret broadcast on ZDF Die Anstalt portrayed the manipulation of the German health system by this foundation.

literature

  • Friendly Moloch . In: Der Spiegel . No. 11 , 1970 ( online [accessed October 1, 2015]).
  • Jörg Becker: The Bertelsmann Group . In: Corporations, Doers, Controllers (=  media research ). tape 1 . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-596-26551-7 .
  • Siegfried Lokatis : The edition practice of the Gütersloher Verlag in the Third Reich . Field post from Bertelsmann. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . March 8, 1999 ( online [accessed October 1, 2015] features section).
  • Norbert Frei , Saul Friedländer , Trutz Rendtorff , Reinhard Wittmann : Bertelsmann in the Third Reich . Bertelsmann, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-570-00713-8 ( introduction and conclusion online [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  • Frank Böckelmann , Hersch Fischler : Bertelsmann: Behind the facade of the media empire . Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-8218-5551-7 .
  • Thomas Lehning: The Media House: Past and Present of the Bertelsmann Group . Fink, Munich / Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-7705-4035-2 .
  • Thomas Schuler : The Mohns: From provincial bookseller to global corporation . The family behind Bertelsmann. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-593-37307-6 .
  • Thomas Barth, Oliver Schöller: The call of the donors . Bertelsmann and the privatization of education policy. In: Sheets for German and international politics . No. 11 , 2005, ISSN  0006-4416 , p. 1,339–1,348 ( online [accessed October 1, 2015]).
  • Thomas Barth (Ed.): Bertelsmann: A global media empire makes politics . Expansion as an educational service provider and political influence - international perspective. Anders, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-939594-01-6 .
  • Werner Biermann, Arno Klönne : Agenda Bertelsmann: A corporation creates politics . PapyRossa, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-89438-372-5 .
  • Jan Philip Holtman: Path dependency of strategic decisions . A case study using the example of the Bertelsmann Book Club Germany. Kölner Wissenschaftsverlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 3-937404-57-0 ( online [accessed October 1, 2015]).
  • 175 Years of Bertelsmann: A Future Story . C. Bertelsmann, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9 .

Web links

Commons : Bertelsmann  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bertelsmann remembers . In: New Westphalian . July 2, 2015, p. 11 .
  2. ↑ Ileana Grabitz : Punk rocker Rabe is Bertelsmann's bearer of hope. In: welt.de. October 16, 2011, accessed October 1, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Christian would have to gene: A family guardian for Bertelsmann. In: faz.net. August 30, 2012, accessed October 1, 2015 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Annual Report 2019 (PDF) Bertelsmann, March 24, 2020, accessed on May 4, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Marco Saal: The largest media groups: Facebook jumps into the top 10 worldwide. In: horizont.net. May 11, 2015, accessed May 2, 2016 .
  6. ^ Stephan Grimm: Bertelsmann prints first book . In: New Westphalian . August 30, 2012.
  7. ↑ Thorsten Gödecker: History with a future . In: New Westphalian . July 1, 2010.
  8. ^ Kai-Hinrich Renner: Bertelsmann is reorganizing itself . In: Handelsblatt . March 23, 2016, p. 24 .
  9. ↑ a b capital market orientation. Bertelsmann, accessed October 1, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Bertelsmann empire: entrepreneur widow Mohn secures extensive control. In: spiegel.de. August 14, 2010, accessed October 1, 2015 .
  11. ^ Media monarchy from Gütersloh. In: handelsblatt.com. January 30, 2011, accessed October 1, 2015 .
  12. ↑ It stays in the family . In: Wiener Zeitung . October 12, 2011, p. 19 .
  13. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: A Future Story . C. Bertelsmann, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9 , pp. 12 .
  14. ↑ Singing for God's glory and your own joy . In: Westfalen-Blatt . July 1, 2010.
  15. ^ Thomas Lehning: The media house: past and present of the Bertelsmann group . Fink, Paderborn / Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7705-4035-2 , p. 27 .
  16. ^ Norbert Frei, Saul Friedländer, Trutz Rendtorff, Reinhard Wittmann: Bertelsmann in the Third Reich . Bertelsmann, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-570-00711-1 , pp. 347 .
  17. ↑ "Bertelsmann's largest NS supplier" . Experts: 20 million books with propaganda reading material. In: Saarbrücker Zeitung . January 18, 2000.
  18. ^ Norbert Frei, Saul Friedländer, Trutz Rendtorff, Reinhard Wittmann: Bertelsmann in the Third Reich . Bertelsmann, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-570-00711-1 , pp. 423 .
  19. ^ Thomas Lehning: The media house: past and present of the Bertelsmann group . Fink, Paderborn / Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7705-4035-2 , p. 30 .
  20. ^ Norbert Frei, Saul Friedländer, Trutz Rendtorff, Reinhard Wittmann: Bertelsmann in the Third Reich . Bertelsmann, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-570-00711-1 , pp. 157 .
  21. ^ Thomas Lehning: The media house: past and present of the Bertelsmann group . Fink, Paderborn, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7705-4035-2 , p. 28 .
  22. ↑ Thomas Schuler: Report of the Historians' Commission on Bertelsmann in the Third Reich: "Surprising in this dimension". January 18, 2000, accessed November 16, 2019 .
  23. ^ Bertelsmann in the Nazi state . Commission presents final report. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . October 9, 2002, p. 54 .
  24. ^ Nobel Prize for Literature on Thursday . In: The Standard . October 9, 2002, p. 26 .
  25. ^ Norbert Frei, Saul Friedländer, Trutz Rendtorff, Reinhard Wittmann: Bertelsmann in the Third Reich . Bertelsmann, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-570-00711-1 , pp. 503 .
  26. ^ Books in the Service of War Propaganda . A commission of historians certifies that Bertelsmann was closely involved with the National Socialists. In: Berliner Zeitung . October 8, 2002, p. 14 .
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Coordinates: 51 ° 54 ′ 29.2 ″  N , 8 ° 25 ′ 9.2 ″  E