Cirey-sur-Blaise
| Cirey-sur-Blaise | ||
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Haute-Marne | |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Dizier | |
| Canton | Joinville | |
| Community association | Bassin de Joinville en Champagne | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 20 ′ N , 4 ° 56 ′ E | |
| height | 216–328 m | |
| surface | 16.44 km 2 | |
| Residents | 119 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 7 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 52110 | |
| INSEE code | 52129 | |
 Village view |
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Cirey-sur-Blaise is a French commune in the Haute-Marne in the region Grand Est . Administratively it is assigned to the canton of Joinville and the Arrondissement of Saint-Dizier .
geography
The village with 119 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) is located around 30 kilometers northeast of Chaumont in the valley floor of the Blaise and is crossed by the departmental roads D2 and D127.
history
middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, Cirey owned a fortified castle from the 11th century, probably two of them, one of which was called Château Gaillard (it stood on the site of the present-day castle) and the other was called Château des Sârrazins . The feudal association went beyond today's municipal boundary; it reached the hills to the west. The ruins of a Templar community were found in the nearby forest . The first bailiff to be guaranteed in writing was called Arnoul and lived at the end of the 12th century. This is known thanks to a document that has been handed down to us in which he gave the Clairvaux monastery the right to graze in 1191 . After the violent dissolution of the Knights Templar by the French king, the fief went to Geoffroi de Cirey and his wife Alix in 1312 . For the following period - it is the epoch of the Hundred Years War - the ownership structure has not been handed down. What is certain is that the place was looted in 1437 in the final phase of this almost endless violent conflict. End of the 14th century, the family took over Saint-Eulien the fief and in the early years of the 15th century it passed by marriage of Erard II. Chatelet with Alix de Saint-Eilien as dowry to the house Le Châtelet . This branch line of the Dukes of Lorraine held the estate and the later built castle for almost four hundred years until the French Revolution .
Reformation chaos
At the end of the 16th century, France was in the midst of religious turmoil. The Holy League wanted to prevent a Protestant from inheriting the French throne, so they fought the heir to the throne Henry of Navarre , who was a Huguenot . While the civil war was still raging, Heinrich became king in 1589 under the name Henri IV after he had converted to Catholicism - tactically adept. Now the league would have achieved its goal, but the bloody civil war had left a lot of resentment. The league, which was little more than a functional association, was in a dilemma and now divided. Parts of the league gave up, but the others fought relentlessly.
Antoine du Châtelet was first a supporter of the Guises . This dynasty , which had many leaders of the league, had emerged like the House of Le Châtelet from a branch line of the Dukes of Lorraine . Antoine later expressed more and more dissatisfaction with the radical and irreconcilable actions of the league. Cirey Castle had become a meeting place for people in the Bailiwick who were like-minded. This displeased the Vogt Guyonvelle, who resided in the nearby town of Chaumont. Reinforced with Lorraine mercenaries, he therefore besieged the Cirey Castle and took it on March 8, 1592 after four days of siege. Part of the defeated garrison was executed and three quarters of the village burned down. The angry people now demanded peace and demanded the demolition of the contested castle, but the nobility successfully opposed this undertaking and the castle was rebuilt as a fortified castle; this also to the annoyance of the league players.
In 1630 King Ludwig XIII moved. the fiefdom of Cirey because the then owner Louis-Jules du Châtelet , nephew and successor of Antoine, had dared to support the usurping younger brother of the king, Jean-Baptiste Gaston . After the castle was dismantled three years later, Erard, nephew of the rebellious baron, received the fiefdom back from the king. In 1643 Louis Jules du Châtelet had a new baroque-style castle built on the foundations of the fortress , which is still standing today. In 1663 the outer city wall of Cirey had to be torn down at the behest of the parliament .
Recent history
At the end of the reign of Florent-Claude du Châtelet , who married Émilie de Breteuil ( Breteuil-sur-Noye ), the fiefdom, which had been a barony until then , was elevated to a non-hereditary duchy by the king in 1770 . Émilie, who became known as the Marquise du Châtelet , was one of the last owners of the estate with her husband. It is known that she was very closely related to Voltaire . A respected scientist and philosopher herself, she hosted many well-known thinkers and writers of the time who wanted to flee from the Parisian “city noise” or were even persecuted there. Her son, Louis Marie Florent du Châtelet , succeeded the estate until it was nationalized in the course of the French Revolution , when he and his wife Diane Adelaïde de Rochechouart died under the guillotine in 1793 .
In the 19th century, Cirey had a blast furnace , a forge , a brick factory and a mill pond . The ironworks employed thirty people in good times. At that time, the forge already had a hundred-year tradition.
Toponyms
Early coat of arms of the Dukes of Lorraine
Coat of arms of Le Châtelets and the municipality of Cirey-sur-Blaise
Cinœ , Cireys , Cires , Cirey-le-Chastel , in the 17th and 18th centuries almost exclusively Cirey-le-Château .
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the municipality corresponds to that of the house of Le Châtelet . The fact that this family originally descended from the Dukes of Lorraine can be clearly seen when comparing the two shields. However, the three imperial eagles were exchanged for three fleurs-de-lis , the symbol of the French kings.
Blazon : In gold, a red diagonal bar loaded with three silver fleurs de lys.
Population development
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 135 | 171 | 155 | 126 | 100 | 108 | 114 |
Attractions
- The castle Cirey-sur-Blaise is as already the former castle Château Gaillard on the most picturesque part of the valley of the Blaise. It has been a French cultural monument since 1981 .
- The three-arched stone bridge over the Blaise from the 19th century has been a French cultural monument since 1993.
Personalities
- Émilie du Châtelet (* 1706; † 1749) hosted many well-known enlighteners , philosophers and writers at Châtelet Castle . Together with Voltaire she wrote the elements of Newton's philosophy . She also translated Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica and linked Newton's with Leibniz's thinking. She also called for women to participate in all human rights .
- Voltaire (* 1694; † 1778) spent most of the time in Châtelet Castle between 1734 and 1749, where he wrote some of his writings. He was the lover of Émilie du Châtelet .
literature
- Émile Jolibois: La Haute-Marne ancienne et modern. Miot-Dadant, Chaumont 1858, p. 147 ff.
- Augustin Calmet : Histoire généalogique de la maison du Châtelet. Jean-Baptiste Cusson, Nancy 1741, digitized .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Émile Jolibois: Histoire de la ville de Chaumont (Haute-Marne). Charles Cavaniol et al., Chaumont et al. 1856, p. 53 .
- ↑ a b Jean Carnandet: Géographie historique, industrial et statistique du département de la Haute-Marne. Simonnot-Lansquenet, Chaumont 1860, p. 576 f.
- ↑ Émile Jolibois: La Haute-Marne ancienne et modern. 1858, p. 147.
- ↑ Entry no. PA00079030 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Entry no. PA52000004 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Susan Sheets-Pyenson: The Role of Women in the Eighteenth-Century French Scientific Culture: The Salon and the Latest Fashion. In: Lewis Pyenson, Jean-François Gauvin (Eds.): The Art of Teaching Physics. The Eighteenth Century Demonstration Apparatus of Jean Antoine Nollet. Éditions du Septentrion, Sillery (Québec) 2002, ISBN 2-89448-320-1 , pp. 71-77, here pp. 74 ff.
