History of the Lützel Monastery
The history of the Lützel Monastery deals with more detailed aspects of the prehistory and history of the Lützel Monastery, probably founded in 1123 or 1124 and abolished in 1792 (French Abbaye de Lucelle) . Lützel was a Abbey of the Cistercians . The former monastery grounds are now on the border between France ( Department Haut-Rhin ) and Switzerland ( Canton Jura ).
For a comprehensive historical overview, see Lützel Monastery # History , for additional or more general information see the corresponding sections in Lützel Monastery , including Lützel Monastery # Post- History .
prehistory
During the Iron Age , the northern Jura was sparsely populated by Celts ( Rauriks ). From about 58 BC From AD 476 to AD 476, the Lützeler area was under Roman rule. During this time the spread of Christianity and the division into dioceses and deaneries fell . In the 5th century, the later Lützel was in the developing Burgundian-Alemannic border zone and a Romance-Germanic language border zone. The Alemanni and Burgundians became part of the Franconian Empire in the 6th century , which was divided into counties in the 8th century . The Alsace with Basel reached around 800 south to the Aare . The Kingdom of Hochburgund , founded in 888, included the Jurassic parts of Alsace and had its northeast pillar in Basel. The rest of the Sundgau became part of the Duchy of Swabia established in 917 . The United Kingdom of Burgundy (Arelat) created in 933/948 also included the Burgundian Gate and was divided in the north into the county of Burgundy (with the Ajoie?) And Transjurania (with the Sornegau?). The Kingdom of Burgundy fell to the Empire in 1033, and Transjurania became a Zahringian sphere of power.
In addition to other borders, Lützel also had borders between several counties. In the High Middle Ages, the almost unpopulated and cleared Lützeltal was located in an undefined border position between the Swabian-Alsatian Sundgau in the north and the two Burgundian districts of Sornegau in the south and Ajoie (Elsau) in the west. Important families exercising count rights in this Burgundian-Alemannic transition region were among others. a. the Counts of Montbéliard (Ajoie), of Pfirt (Sundgau), of Montfaucon (Ajoie) and of Soyhières (Sornegau). The first three families mentioned were closely related.
Church administrative borders also met in the Lützel area. At Lützel the border ran between the diocese of Basel and the archbishopric of Besançon . The Bishop of Basel, initially only ruler of this spiritual diocese, was also a secular prince ( Prince Diocese of Basel ) since 999 when Moutier-Grandval was donated .
It is unclear whether the Lützel region, which was heavily forested up to the 17th century, was already divided among the surrounding farm cooperatives and village communities before the monastery was founded. Chèvre vaguely means that the areas of 5 or 6 places met in the Lützeler Kessel. An important north-south connection was the Blochmont - Movelier - Soyhières route east of Lützel.
Since the 12th century, Romanesque-Burgundian nobles ("Walchen") have been penetrating the Burgundian-Alemannic border area in the Jura. The Counts of Montfaucon , from the vicinity of Besançon (County of Burgundy), received considerable areas in the area of the later Lützel, which they took as fiefs from the diocese of Basel .
History until 1792
This is a detailed historical overview and mainly takes into account the history of events and territories. For a comprehensive historical overview cf. Lützel Monastery # history . For the period after 1792 see v. a. Lützel Monastery # Post-History and Lützel Monastery # Present .
1123 to 1324
Probably in 1123 or 1124 the Count Brothers Hugues, Amadée and Richard von Montfaucon (Falkenberg) founded the Lützel Monastery with the consent of their uncle Berthold von Neuchâtel, Bishop of Basel. Richard von Montfaucon had already contributed to the establishment of the Cistercian monastery Bellevaux in Franche-Comté through foundations in 1119. From there came the first abbot and the first monks, so that Lützel became the first daughter monastery of Bellevaux, which in turn descended from Morimond , one of the four primary abbeys of the order. There was friction between the newly founded monastery and the surrounding aristocracy, as both wanted to enlarge and consolidate their holdings. The Lützeltal became the immediate sphere of interest of the monastery and the already existing Löwenberg lordship to the east . The Lützel Monastery was founded by Romanesque-Burgundian nobles, but over time it grew more into the Upper German power context. In the 12th century the monastery appeared as part of the Alsatian county of Pfirt . The Sornegau also came to Pfirt at an unclear point in time, so Lützel was completely under their control.
A confirmation of the possessions by the bishops of Basel and Besançon is dated from 1136, and from 1139 a confirmation document from King Conrad III. and Pope Innocent II and with 1147 another confirmation document by Pope Eugene III. In 1180 Pope Alexander III freed . the abbey of the tithe. Around 1180 the Habsburgs became guardians of the monastery instead of the king. In 1194, the abbey was freed from episcopal (ecclesiastical?) Jurisdiction, and thus probably acquired certain rights in its immediate territory. In 1225 Friedrich II gave Lützel the right to hunt in his own forests. The Counts of Pfirt also seem to have given the monastery a relatively free hand. In 1259 Ulrich II von Pfirt exempted the abbey from all counts' taxes.
The Ajoie with the main town Porrentruy became part of the Principality of Basel in 1270. Shortly afterwards (1271, finally 1278) the Sornegau came from the Pfirt to the prince-bishopric and was organized with the new capital Delémont as the rule of Delémont. In 1271 the Lützel is said to have been established as the border between the rule of Delsberg and the county of Pfirt. Thus, both the fortified inner monastery district and the surrounding monastery territory were divorced into two parts. The main buildings of the monastery, namely church and convent, and thus the monastery as an institution, were located north of the river, in the county of Pfirt. During the construction of monastery buildings, a new bed was dug for the Lützel, but the border continued to follow the old route, which is why the border is said to have passed through the middle of the convent kitchen and indicated by a piece of metal attached to the stove.
The Grafschaft Pfirt, since 1274 a fiefdom of the diocese of Basel, and with it the northern part of the Lützel territory, came to Upper Austria through marriage in 1324 . In contrast to the Pfirter counts, Habsburg exercised sovereign rights; Lützel can therefore be regarded as a rural monastery in Austria since then.
The expansion of the surrounding monastery territory
The place where the monastery was founded offered abundant clearing areas on both sides of the Lützel. The development of the cultivated land around Lützel is unknown in detail. The first grangie of the abbey was the Scholis , a few meters to the north , on the watershed between the Rhine and the Rhône. Lützelabwärts, at the place of today's St-Pierre, was the Grangie Oberlümschwiller , which is mentioned in the sources until around 1339. Oberlümschwiller later appeared as a hamlet called St-Pierre (St. Peter) . Oberlümschwiller was previously part of the neighboring Löwenberg estate (see below) and had been sold to the abbey. Courtine de Lucelle (later also “Pleenhof-le-Haut”, today “La Courtine”), located between Lützel and Pleigne, was founded in the 13th century ; this yard was probably also the starting point for further clearing. The Schelloch , Steinboden and Richterstuhl (Selle au Roi) courtyards were also located on the monastery territory south of the Lützel . It is unclear whether the mill and farm of Bavelier (Baderschwiler) belonged to the Altlützeler or to the Löwenburg territory acquired in 1526 (see below). In 1716 two houses were built in the Steinboden area.
The unclear legal and territorial relationships also determined the abbey's relations with the neighboring communities, especially Pleigne and Pleujouse. There is a dispute about the boundaries of the district, rights of use and jurisdictions. In 1340 the bailiff of Ajoie obliged the municipality of Charmoille to remove boundary stones set by the monastery . In a dispute with the municipality of Oberlarg over ownership of a piece of forest, however, the abbey prevailed, Ulrich von Pfirt dismissed the corresponding complaint by the village. Abbot Hillweg (1495–1532) conducted litigation with three neighboring communities for rights to use forest and pasture areas : Winkel was about the felt forest, Bourrignon was about Combe-Juré (Combe Girard); the cases were settled in 1515 and 1535, respectively. With Pleigne it was about several rights in areas between the village of Pleigne and the Lützel river; the disputes lasted until the 18th century.
16th Century
During the Reformation , the offices of the ecclesiastical diocese of Basel had left the city of Basel and settled in large areas around Lützel: the bishop and the main administration moved permanently to the main town of Ajoie, to Porrentruy , the chapter finally to Freiburg im Breisgau and the official office to Upper Alsace Altkirch .
In the 16th century Lützel lost its formal independence, which had existed since 1194, Austria north and the prince-bishop south of the Lützel were able to enforce further sovereign rights.
Lordship or territory Löwenburg (Löwenberg)
The aristocratic rule of Löwenburg (cf. Löwenburg JU ) , which is directly adjacent to the monastery rule Lützel, was called "Löwenberg" until the 16th century and belonged to the parish of Roggenburg. It became a fiefdom of the county of Pfirt in the 12th century at the earliest and in 1271 came under the suzerainty of the principality of Basel. The lords of Löwenberg became vassals of the Pfirt around 1250 and with the transition from Pfirt to Habsburg in 1324 vassals of Austria. In 1370 the rule fell to the Münch von Münchenstein , a Basel city nobility who held episcopal offices; the branch in question was then called Münch von Löwenberg.
The actual rule Löwenberg also included other rights in other places and was bound to the castle and the family through dinghies; In principle, however, it is only about the immediate hinterland of the castle, the “Löwenburg territory”.
In 1523 the Münch started negotiations with Lützel to sell the Löwenburg territory (not the rule). Three years later, in 1526, the monastery acquired the Löwenburg territory. The accompanying document only exists in a French translation from 1752; in it the expression "ban" is used in relation to Löwenburg's . Löwenberg Castle, until then the main residence of Münch von Löwenberg, was no longer used by Lützel and fell into disrepair. It served as a quarry, possibly also as a shelter for travelers and a stable for cattle.
The Löwenburg territory formed a closed area of around 10 km². Like the Lützel general markings, Löwenburg encompassed areas north and south of the Lützel. The Löwenburg borders followed the current municipal borders of the municipalities of Pleigne and Lucelle; towards the Altlützeler area, the rule was possibly limited by the Baderschwiler Bach (Ruisseau de Bavelier) and the valley between the two Kohlbergs. However, the area of the now-gone village Oberlümschwiller (today around the forester's house St-Pierre north of the Lützel) had already come from Löwenberg to Lützel in 1193. The construction of the Löwenberg farm shortly afterwards, a little north of Löwenberg Castle, may have served the then owners of the Löwenberg lordship as a replacement for Oberlümschwiller.
The current legal situation in Löwenburg proved to be difficult. The Münch led Löwenburg as a fiefdom of Austria, but the supreme liege lord was the Basel bishop. As part of the sale, Austria had renounced its rights and recognized the sole feudal glory of the duchy. However, the abbey tried to circumvent this and to incorporate Löwenburg into its monastic immunity district. At first this did not lead to any arguments with the bishop; From 1580, however, the prince-bishopric began to exercise its sovereignty by collecting taxes and exercising jurisdiction under Lützel's protest .
Another conflict between Lützel and Porrentruy developed around 1595/1597. Between 1580 and 1592, Lützel had a new castle-like building with abbot's apartment, church and cemetery built instead of the Löwenburg Sennhof. The bishop saw the start of construction of a fortification around the new Löwenburg estate as an interference with his sovereign rights. The conflict ended with the abbot's death in 1597. The new abbot did not continue the construction and seemed to recognize the sovereignty of the prince-bishop over the Löwenburg territory.
17th and 18th centuries
Lützel took an active part in the founding of the Upper German Cistercian Congregation, of which she had been a member since 1624. The Lützel abbots were responsible for the provinces of Helvetia, Alsace and Breisgau.
In the Thirty Years' War the convent was dispersed in 1632 and returned to Lützel in 1657. The abbot resided in the meantime first in Kleinlützel, then in Löwenburg.
1648 France took over all rights of the Habsburgs in Alsace, and thus the county Pfirt and sovereignty over the northern part of Lützeler associated territory Despite its partial position in the Archbishopric was Lützel since then as Abbey of the French kingdom, which since 1647 planned Verburgrechtung with Solothurn came now no longer achieved. Lützel tried to defend existing freedoms against the Conseil Souverain d'Alsace, which was founded in Colmar in 1698 and which represented royal interests .
Apparently there were still uncertainties about the legal situation of the monastery and its two territories around Lützel and Löwenburg. In any case, in 1681 an expert report commissioned by the prince-bishopric in Porrentruy determined that the Lützel river was the border between the prince-bishopric and France. It remains to be seen why the Löwenburg piece north of the Lützel was also included in French territory.
Since the Löwenburg estate was subject to manorial rights, it was considered a Freihof (Franche Courtine) . Presumably because the head of the court (a monk from Lützel) held the title “provost” or “administrator” at times, the estate was called “provost” for an indefinite period. However, it was never an actual provost office, in the sense of a monastic branch.
In the 17th and 18th centuries Lützel founded: the Baderschwiler (Bavelier) farm, which dates back to the 15th century, was expanded to include a mill of the same name in 1622 or 1629, followed by the Hinterschloss (Derrie-le-Tchété) estate in 1690 and the Mühle St. Peter (Moulin Neuf, Neumühle) (south of the Lützel at the confluence of the Bösenbach, not to be confused with St-Pierre, about 2 km further west, north of the Lützel), around 1700 the Breitkopf farm (= Gross-Kohlberg or Kohlberg ) and at the beginning of the 18th century the three farms north of the Lützel, which have now disappeared, Scharzhof (= Schartz ), Neuneich and Junker-Hanskopf (= Graben or Hans-Kopf ). The landscape of the Löwenburger Bann also changed when the farms were founded: numerous clearings were carried out for the new farms, and in contrast to earlier times, preference was given to arable land over pastureland.
In contrast to the abbey, which was under Austrian sovereignty until 1648, Löwenburg was part of the federal auxiliary circle until around 1735 due to the alliance between the prince-bishopric and some Catholic places of the Swiss Confederation. Therefore, during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Löwenburg was temporarily provided with federal garrisons and repeatedly became a place of refuge for abbots and convents.
After the acquisition of Löwenburg, the size of the monastery area around Lützel remained unchanged and amounted to around 2200 hectares. Since the 16th century there has been heavy deforestation in the Lützel territory and in the entire Jura in the area of the high forests . The wood was processed into charcoal for the newly built ironworks . Firewood was needed for the abbey, but it was also loosened on the Lützel as far as Basel . Since the 17th century, the abbey set up some industries in its area, namely glass factories , a foundry , forges , a brickworks and a tannery .
The fate of the hamlet of Oberlümschwiller an der Lützel, which came from Löwenburg to Lützel as early as 1193, is open. Around 1600, the church of St. Peter (St-Pierre) was built at the location of the hamlet (of which it is apparently not known whether it still existed at that time), like the Löwenburg chapel in a peculiar post-Gothic style. In the 17th century, St. Peter became the center of a monastic metal industry, which is why Meyer speaks of a revival in the village of Oberlümschwiler. In 1656, at the instigation of the abbot, glassmakers settled in St. Peter, who used the forests of the monastic territory for logging. In 1690 a brick factory was built at Lützelsee. Your main building is still (place name Tuilerie ) south of the customs facilities (Douane) . Glassmakers also settled on the road to Winkel in 1769 ( Les Verreries at today's Lucelle-Winkel-Oberlarg district boundary).
The fact that the Lützel border was now between France and the prince-bishopric was still evident: after the abbey had received a corresponding royal patent in February 1681, an ironworks were built on the Alsatian side in the spring of the same year . The plan was to supply them with ores that were to be extracted in a mine on the prince-bishop's side. However, the bishop regarded mining as part of his sovereignty. He therefore had the work stopped and the miners evicted. The matter became a matter between France and the Confederation, as the prince-bishopric had requested the support of the Catholic places allied with it. Thereupon France accepted the rights of the prince-bishop. The ironworks existed until 1720.
In the 18th century there was a rapprochement between the prince-bishopric and France after the alliance between the prince-bishopric and the Swiss Confederation had not been renewed from around 1735. The border between the prince-bishopric and France was moved from the Lützel River to the monastery walls in the area of the fortified monastery district in 1757, after the king, at the request of the monks, expressed the wish that the entire monastery enclosure should be on French soil.
After a bandit attack in 1743 on the Hinterschloss farm (Derrie-le-Tchété) south of the castle ruins of Löwenburg, another dispute over jurisdiction broke out between the abbey and the prince-bishopric, during which the territory of Löwenburg was occupied by the bishop. The subsequent negotiations, conducted through French mediation, were not ended until 1778. In the final treaty, the prince-bishop's rule in Löwenburg was recognized by the abbey, and the prince-bishopric granted it primarily economic privileges. In addition, after centuries of disagreement, this treaty delimited Lützel's manorial rights from the sovereign rights of the prince-bishopric.
At the beginning of the French Revolution, at the end of October 1789, the Assemblée Constituante in Paris revoked the taking of monastic vows. With the decree of November 2, 1789, the properties of Lützel Abbey were also confiscated and declared national property. On May 15, 1790, a list of the sequestered goods was drawn up. In 1791 the monastery's previous properties were sold. The monastery community and monastery life continued, but severely impaired. In 1792 clergymen were interned in Lützel. In autumn 1792 the monastery was closed, on October 2, 1792 the abbot and the last monks were expelled from Lützel.
Geographical representations and territorial delimitation of the monastery state
The well-known territorial plans of the abbey do not show any delimitation of the individual homestead districts (and thus also not the western border of the Löwenburg territory, which was added in 1526). Here are three key plans:
- A small overview plan from the 16th century over both sides of the monastery area shows the position of the boundary stones of the monastery territory and a polygon surrounding the property. The map shows the Lützel area including the Löwenburg territory; no distinction is made between the two. Nor are the individual Lützel farm areas delimited from one another. The plan was probably drawn up around 1569; This year a general renewal of the boundary stones of the Lützel territory was carried out. This renewal was preceded by a border clarification that took place in the middle of the 16th century between Lützel and his neighbors (feudal lords and village communities). This clarification of the boundaries indicates that the uncertain and controversial boundaries since the monastery was founded lasted at least partially into the 16th century.
- In the year the border was moved in 1757, an overview plan was drawn up for the prince-bishop's part of the Lützel territory, which contains a very detailed description of the boundary stones, individual rights and servitutes. The plan explicitly includes the phrase "Ban de Lucelle".
- For the French part of the Lützel territory, a plot of land was drawn up around 1760 as part of soil mapping. The plan specifies the size of the French marker with the equivalent of 1050.22 hectares and lists the farms there: Cholishof (Scholis), Neuhaushof, Glashüttehof, Kohlberghof (unclear whether Petit- or Grand-Kohlberg ), St-Pierre (St. -Petershof) and Chartshof (Schartshof) ; the last two courtyards no longer exist today.
Chèvre draws the boundaries of the small monastery state in such a way that they correspond to today's municipal boundaries, with the following exceptions:
- Today's district Charmoille, at that time the monastery area: Height around Mont Lucelle including Le grand Pré , but without the valley of the Prés de Lucelle .
- Today the district of Pleigne, at that time the monastery area: entire north of the Pleigne municipal area, the border across the corridors La Morlatte, Champs du Chêne, L'Essert and just north of Les Planches , so that the Bavelier valley lies entirely in the monastery area.
In contrast to the episcopal map of 1757 (see above), Chèvre does not consider Le Moulin and Combe Juré (Bourrignon municipality) to be Lützel territory. The border between the Löwenburg rulership and the Altlützeler area is not entered.
Summary: Lützels border location
A special feature of Lützel's history is its location on borders and on border lines of various kinds and its resulting mediating and connecting location:
- Geographical boundaries:
- Location on regional borders : Initially, Lützel was in an undefined border position between the regional counties of Sundgau, Sornegau and Ajoie (Elsgau).
- Location at national borders : national borders were drawn both through the territory and through the fortified monastery grounds itself. In the north of the small monastery state, the Counts of Pfirt, Austria and France held sovereign rights one after the other , in the south the prince-bishopric of Basel. The Löwenburg territory, which was originally entirely under the rule of the Prince-Bishop, has also had this Janus-headed character, marked by the Lützel, since the 17th century at the latest. The fortified inner monastery grounds came entirely to France in 1757, the rest of the territory remained sovereignly divided into two parts. The prince-bishop's territory became part of France in 1796, and Switzerland in 1815.
- Location at municipality or district boundaries : At the time of its establishment, Lützel was probably at the intersection of the spheres of interest of 5 to 6 surrounding village communities or farm cooperatives.
- Location on a diocese border : Lützel was on the border between the spiritual areas of responsibility of the dioceses of Basel and Besançon. It was not until 1779 that the Ajoie came to the diocese of Basel, so that Lützel came to lie on the border of the deaneries.
- Location on parish boundaries
- Location on a language border : Of the originally 7 surrounding village territories, 3 were Germanic (Oberlarg, Winkel, Löwenburg) and 4 Romansh (Pleigne, Bourrignon, Pleujouse, Charmoille). The Romansh-speaking area lay in the south and west, the Germanic-speaking area in the north and east. The monastery community was always bilingual : Abbots, monks, and probably also the farmers, craftsmen and workers employed by Lützel came from both language regions. Within the Cistercian order it had a mediating function between Citeaux in Burgundy and monasteries v. a. of the West Upper German area.
List of Abbots
For more, see Lützel Monastery # Monks and Abbots
Lützel Monastery had a total of 46 abbots. The following list of abbots after Chèvre.
| time | Surname | Others |
|---|---|---|
| 1124 - 1131? | Stephan | came from Burgundy, founded by Neuburg |
| 1131? - 1175? | Christian | came from Burgundy, founded Lieu-Croissant, Kaisheim, Pairis, Frienisberg and Salem |
| 1175? - 1179 | Alexander | came from Franche-Comté |
| 1179-1181 | Arkfried | came from Besançon |
| 1181-1185 | Conrad (Cuno) | |
| 1185 - 1191? | Wezelo (Wetzel, Werner) | came from Tiefenthal |
| 1190? - 1221 | Conrad (Rauracus) | came from Rodersdorf , founded by St. Urban |
| 1221-1224 | Berchtold | Son of Egin von Urach and Judith von Zähringen |
| 1229-1238 | Richard | |
| 1238-1257 | Thyemo | Son of Hermann von Ramstein and Agnes von Thierstein |
| 1257-1268 | Werner | |
| 1268-1286 | Conrad (Prudentia) | came from Basel |
| 1286-1292 | Nicolaus | came from Sulz ( Soultz ) |
| 1292/93-1294 | Jordan | came from Franche-Comté |
| 1294-1298 | Peter | came from Charmoille |
| 1298-1303 | Burcard | came from the von Landskron family |
| 1303-1319 | John (Demetrius) | came from Basel |
| 1319-1336 | Aymon (Haymo) | |
| 1336-1340 | John | |
| 1340-1349 | Rudolf von Wiggenheim | came from Uffholtz |
| 1349-1362 | John | Son of Ulrich von Asuel-Charmoille and Margarete von Nidau |
| 1362-1379 | Johannes (from Weingarten) | |
| 1379-1387 | Rudolf von Wattweiler | came from Wattweiler ( Wattwiller ) |
| 1387-1397 | Nicolas Meuwlin | came from Altkirch |
| 1397-1408 | Heinrich Stockhelm | came from Sennheim ( Cernay ) |
| 1409-1443 | Konrad Holzach | came from Basel or Sissach |
| 1443-1466 | Nicolas Amberg | came from Basel |
| 1466-1471 | Johannes Stantenat | came from Uffholtz |
| 1471-1495 | Ludwig Hunter | came from Bregenz |
| 1495-1532 | Theobald (Thiébaut) Hillweg | came from Thann |
| 1532-1542 | Heinrich Sapper | came from Ensisheim |
| 1542-1566 | Nicolas Rosenberg | came from Thann |
| 1566-1573 | Rudolf Kuchenmann | came from Ensisheim |
| 1574-1583 | Johannes Kleiber | came from Altkirch |
| 1583-1597 | Beat Bapst | came from Gebweiler ( Guebwiller ) |
| 1597-1605 | Christoph Birr | came from Morschweiler ( Obermorschwiller ) |
| 1605-1625 | Johannes Hanser | came from Ensisheim |
| 1625-1648 | Laurent Lorillard | came from Porrentruy |
| 1648-1654 | Norbert Ganbach | came from Ensisheim |
| 1654-1673 | Bernardin Buchinger | came from Ensisheim |
| 1673-1677 | Edmont Quiquerez | came from Grandfontaine , born in Delle |
| 1677-1702 | Pierre Tanner | came from Colmar |
| 1702-1708 | Antoine de Reynold | Monk from Hauterive |
| 1708-1751 | Nicolas Delfis | came from Vaufrey |
| 1751-1790 | Grégoire Girardin | came from Delle |
| 1790-1792 | Benoit Noblat | came from Courtavon |
List of rights and possessions
For explanations, see Kloster Lützel # Rights and possessions
Below is a list of the most important rights and possessions of the abbey, which remained with it until it was abolished in 1792. Abbreviations: 25: Département du Doubs , 68: Département Haut-Rhin , 90: Territoire de Belfort , JU: Canton Jura , SO: Canton Solothurn .
| country | place | Rights and goods | Year of purchase |
|---|---|---|---|
| 68 | Altkirch | Estate ("domaine") | 1273 |
| 68 | Arsis (Brandenberg) | Clearing settlement ("essart") | 1136 |
| 68 | Attenschwiller | court | 1210 |
| 68 | Bettendorf | goods | 1295 |
| 68 | Blotzheim | former convent and its goods | 1451 |
| JU | Bourrignon | goods | 1224 |
| 68 | Bouxwiller | A quarter of the tenth | ? |
| 68 | Cernay | court | 1147 |
| JU | Charmoille | Pasture, yard, tithe | 1136 and 1377 |
| JU | Combe Girard ( Combe Juré , today municipality of Bourrignon ) | goods | 1136 |
| JU | Cornol | Allod | 1136 |
| 90 | Courcelles | Dinghof ("collonge") | 1291 |
| JU | Courgenay | goods | 1349 |
| JU | Courtemautruy ( Courgenay municipality ) |
court | 1147 |
| 68 | Didenheim | goods | 1301 |
| 68 | Durmenach | A quarter of the tenth | 1399 |
| 68 | Erbenheim | court | 1156 |
| 68 | Eschelsheim | Grangie | 1254 |
| 68 | Fislis | Allod | 1279 |
| 68 | Francs | court | 1194 |
| JU | Fregiécourt | goods | 1224 |
| JU? | Gervillers? | Estate ("domaine") | 1377 |
| 68 | Hagental | goods | 1262 |
| to bathe | Haltingen | Vineyards | 1194 |
| 68 | Hattstatt | Courtyard, wine press | 1139, 1194 |
| 68 | Heimsbrunn | Estate ("domaine") | 1303 |
| 68 | Hirtzfelden | court | 1147 |
| 68 | Jettingen | goods | 1327 |
| 68 | Kappelen | Vineyards | 1325 |
| 68 | Kientzheim | Estate ("domaine") , church | 1291 |
| 68 | Kiffis | Saalhof, another courtyard | 1505 |
| 68 | Koestlach | Courtyard, houses, forests, etc. a. | 1292 |
| 68 | Ligsdorf | goods | 1349 |
| JU, 68 | Löwenburg | Dominion including lower jurisdictions | 1526 |
| 68, JU | Lützel | Land on which the abbey is located and the forest of Scholis (1136), Grangie Scholis (1139), forest between Oberlarg, Winkel and Pleigne (1243) | 1136 (gift from the Counts of Montfaucon), 1139, 1243 |
| 68 | Lutterbach | Local rule , yard | 1301, 1304 |
| JU | Mettembert | court | 1505 |
| 68 | Michelbach | Village | 1242 |
| 68 | Michelbach-le-Haut | St-Appolinaire Monastery and its branches | 1254 |
| JU | Miécourt | Hube ("manse") | 1136 |
| 68 | moss | court | 1147 |
| 68 | Morschwiller-le-Bas | goods | 1301 |
| 68 | Mother's home | court | 1139 |
| 68 | Oberlarg | goods | 1224 |
| 68 | Oberlümschwiller (today St-Pierre, municipality of Lucelle ) | Hamlet, goods | 1193 (previously belonged to the Löwenberg rule) |
| 68 | Oltingue | court | 1194 |
| ? | Pertuis | goods | 1136 |
| SO | Kleinlützel | former convent ("Klösterli") with its branches | 1505 |
| 68 | Pfastatt | goods | 1301, 1337 |
| 68 | Pfetterhouse with Gerschwiller | Goods, yard, various possessions | 1299, 1349, 1377 |
| JU | Pleigne | court | 1177 |
| JU | Pleujouse | Usage, grazing and logging rights in the Noirecombe | 1136 |
| 68 | Pulversheim | Possessions | 1301 |
| SO | Rodersdorf | Possessions | 1295 |
| 90 | Rougemont-le-Château | Possessions | 1340 |
| 25th | Saint-Hippolyte | Fish law | 1177 |
| 68 | Sondersdorf | goods | 1346 |
| 68 | Steinbrunn-le-Bas or Steinbrunn-le-Haut | Goods, mill | 1275, 1276, 1349 |
| 68 | Uffholtz | Vineyards | 1323 |
| 25th | Vermondans at Montbéliard | Grangie Mummy, yard | 1156 |
| 68 | Wentzwiller | Tenth | ? |
| 68 | Werentzhouse | A quarter of the tenth | ? |
| 68 | Wigenheim | court | 1156 |
| 68 | Willer (near Altkirch) | Vineyards | 1295 |
| 68 | angle | Yard, pasture | 1156, 1362 |
| 68 | Wittelsheim | Possessions | 1301 |
Sources, literature, web links
See Lützel Monastery # Sources, literature, web links
Remarks
- ↑ Cf. Bienz u. Galluser 1962, p. 74.
- ↑ For the entire paragraph cf. Historical World Atlas, ed. by Walter Leisering, Wiesbaden 2004.
- ↑ See Meyer 1968, p. 5.
- ↑ Müller 1953, pp. 42-44.
- ↑ Bienz u. Galluser 1962, p. 77.
- ↑ Müller 1953, p. 42.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 28. Meyer 1968, p. 5.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, p. 6.
- ↑ a b Meyer 1968, p. 10.
- ↑ a b c Le Haut-Rhin 1981, p. 822.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, p. 291. A deed of incorporation does not exist (anymore?). The founding dates go back to two entries in Lützel's anniversaries from the 15th century: There are both March 25, 1123 and April 6, 1124 as the date of foundation.
- ↑ René Locatelli: Sur les chemins de la perfection: moines et chanoines dans le diocèse de Besançon vers 1060-1220, Saint-Etienne, 1992, p. 205
- ↑ Meyer 1968, p. 11.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, pp. 28, 284.
- ↑ Zimmermann 1999, p. 11.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, p. 290.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 10-11.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 62. Ecclesiastical and spiritual jurisdiction?
- ↑ Müller 1953, p. 297.
- ↑ Zimmermann 1999, p. 36.
- ↑ Zimmermann 1999, p. 35.
- ↑ a b Müller 1953, map.
- ↑ Bühler 1972, pp. 7-8, 12; Zimmermann 1999, p. 11.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, pp. 28, 75.
- ↑ Zimmermann 1999, p. 11. Stintzi 1961, p. 28. However, neither give any evidence for this.
- ↑ a b Chèvre 1973, p. 28.
- ↑ See Zimmermann 1999, p. 36.
- ↑ Bienz u. Galluser 1962, pp. 74-75.
- ↑ a b Bienz u. Galluser 1962, p. 75.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 29.
- ↑ Le Haut-Rhin 1981, p. 827. There it says that Oberlümschwiller was mentioned from 1152 to 1339 as a "Cistercian grangie". Meyer, however, thinks that Oberlümschwiller was only sold to Lützel in 1194 (Meyer 1968, pp. 14–15, 142–143, cards 1 and 2).
- ↑ It is unclear which Hof Müller is referring to, perhaps Le Moulin .
- ↑ Maybe today's Lai Prirre .
- ↑ Müller 1953, p. 224.
- ↑ See Müller 1953, p. 224.
- ↑ a b c Meyer 1968, p. 245.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, pp. 75-76.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 99.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, pp. 99-100.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 129.
- ↑ Bühler 1972, p. 14.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 134.
- ↑ Meyer 1962, pp. 104-105.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, p. 15.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, p. 9.
- ↑ Bühler 1972, pp. 8, 12.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 23-25.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 19, 31, 43, 49.
- ^ The «accessories» of the rule, especially in Soulce , Henflingen, Hirsingen, Bettendorf, Ruedersbach, Benndorf, Rädersdorf, Sondersdorf and Muespach, cf. Meyer 1968, pp. 15-16.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 15-17, 139. The content of Territory und Herrschaft Löwenberg is described in the Lehenrevers of June 22, 1503, Départementalarchiv Colmar, 2 / E, 126, 1, No. 4 (1503).
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 140-141. The recently federal city of Basel (1525 Laufen and others), which was advancing with territorial acquisitions in the direction of Lützeltal, was probably not taken into account by the Münch due to the estrangement between them and the city. Austria agreed to the change of hands in 1523 and renounced its fiefdom.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, p. 142.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 142-143. Meyer leaves open whether one could translate “ban” only with “territory” or also with “district” (“ban”) . The document from 1752 can be found in the archives of the former Principality of Basel in Porrentruy, B 240/51, I, 12ff. You have to know that the translation does not have to correspond to the content of the missing original document. Documents were often forged for their own benefit. The text of the translation reads: le bourg de Leuwenberg et les rentes et grains (belonging to the court) situées au-dessous du bourg, dans le ban et les forrêts qui sont situées an delà et en deçà de la Lucelle, les montagnes et les forrêts à Neuneich et ce qui y appartient; le tout étant situé dans les circuits, qui s'ensuivent: premièrement depuis la combe et la fontaine et ruisseau en bas jusqu'à la fontaine du Schartz, puis le long de cette fontaine et du ruisseau jusqu'à Boesenbach, puis le long du Boesenbach jusqu'à la Lucelle, en après, montant la Lucelle jusqu'au Grund entre Blochmund et Schartz, et le long de ce Grund an montant jusqu'à la hauteur, et suivant la hauteur devant la Neuneich et dedans la Schartz jusque dans le Grund qui est situé derrier le Kirchberg, et descendent le dit ruisseau de Badenschweiller, entre lequel Grund derrier le Kirchberg et le Boesenbach, la Lucelle appartient audit bourg et château de Leuwenbourg, et ce que porte l'eau dans les montagnes Neuneich et Schartz vers la Lucelle, appartient aussy audit Bourg et Château; et en après montant le ruisseau dudit Badenschweiller jusqu'à l'Eck où elle prend sa source, puis montant la hauteur vers Modenschweiler, et suivant cette hauteur jusques derechef à la combe; et ce qui est situé dans et entre ce contenu, soit, campagne, bois, finage, ban, eau, et cours d'eau, tout ce qui appartient ou doit appartenir au susdits Bourg de Leuwenbourg; de sorte que dorénavent, les dits abbé et convent de Lucelle et leurs Successeurs auront, et leur appartiendra, en et dedans le dit Leuwenbourg vendu, rentes et grains, forrêts, montagnes, campagnes, bois, finage, ban, eau, et cours d 'eau, pièces, biens et appartenances, au moins et au plus, ainsy que le tout a été appellé, nomme cy devant compris, eclaircy, usé, provenu et accoutumé; toutte juridiction, droit, justice, puissance, usage,. . . usu fruit, et jouissance, de même que cela est advenu des ayeux du vendeur à luy le vendeur, et que jusqu'à ce jourd'huy date de cette lettre. . .
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 239, 247. The first castle was built as a wooden castle at the end of the 10th century. The stone castle was built around 1200 and expanded in the 13th century.
- ↑ Meyer 1962, p. 104 and 105.
- ↑ Meyer 1962, p. 110.
- ↑ According to Le Haut-Rhin, however, Oberlümschwiller is mentioned in the sources from 1152 to 1339 as a "Cistercian grangie" (Le Haut-Rhin 1981, p. 827). See Chapter #The expansion of the surrounding monastery territory .
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 14–15, 142–143, maps 1 and 2. Meyer 1962, p. 110.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 143, 240-241. With regard to Meyer's contradicting statements on high jurisdiction, cf. Pp. 67 and 115.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 241-242.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, p. 292, see also note 7 there.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, pp. 291-292.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 179.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 214.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, p. 243.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 245-246.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, p. 14, 245. Meyer gives the year of construction of the Bavelier mill once 1629 (p. 14), once 1622 (p. 245). If the Ruisseau de Bavelier was a border river, then the Baderschwiler (Bavelier) farm, which according to Meyer dates back to the 15th century, would also have to be on Löwenburg territory, provided that it was located on the Löwenburg bank of the stream, as it is today. Contrary to what Meyer presented, the Löwenburg territory would then have already supported two courtyards. Meyer 1962, p. 110. Zimmermann also believes that the Bavelier mill has been mentioned since the 14th century (Zimmermann 1999, p. 34).
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 242-243.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 230.
- ↑ Bienz u. Galluser 1962, p. 75. Müller 1953, p. 280.
- ↑ Müller 1953, p. 280.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, p. 292.
- ↑ Zimmermann 1999, p. 32.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, pp. 199 ff.
- ↑ Zimmermann 1999, p. 34.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 239.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 243-244.
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, p. 240.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, p. 292. Le Haut-Rhin 1981, p. 824 (there is 1793, perhaps a printing or transcription error). Stintzi 1961, p. 28.
- ↑ Grenacher 1962, p. 131.
- ↑ Grenacher 1962, pp. 131-132; Zimmermann 1999, p. 23. Location of the plan: Départementalarchiv Colmar, 21 / H, 3, No. 4.
- ↑ Meyer 1968, pp. 239-240.
- ↑ Grenacher 1962, pp. 132-134. The plan is kept at the Bern State Archives, Plan AAI No. 56.
- ↑ Grenacher 1962, pp. 135-137. Location of the plan: Départementalarchiv Haut-Rhin, Colmar, catalog 31 H, sign 6/3 (“Plan d'arpentage d'un terrain appartement a l'abbaye de Lucelle […]”)
- ↑ Chèvre 1973, back cover, no sources.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, p. 291.
- ↑ Chèvre 1982, pp. 295-311. Deviating information in the table is particularly documented.
- ↑ Stintzi 1961, p. 17.
- ↑ According to Zimmermann 1999, pp. 27–31, in addition Stintzi 1961.
- ↑ In the Haut-Rhin there are three villages named Michelbach: Michelbach (Haut-Rhin) , Michelbach-le-Haut and Michelbach-le-Bas .