Sickingen (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Sickingen family from Scheibler's book of arms around 1495

Sickingen is the name of an old south-west German noble family . The lords of Sickingen belonged to Hoffenheim nobility and from 1797 to direct imperial nobility .

Significant members of the family have emerged who have gained great influence in both spiritual and secular offices. Reinhard von Sickingen was Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1445 to 1482 and Kasimir Anton von Sickingen was Prince-Bishop of Constance from 1743 to 1750 . Imperial knight Franz von Sickingen (1481–1523) was the leader of the Rhenish and Swabian knights .

history

origin

The family is related to the family of the extinct von Flehingen , who also had a similar coat of arms . According to the genealogist Johann Maximilian von Humbracht , it appears with Albrecht von Sickingen as early as 936 (doubtful) and he begins the line- up with Eberhard , who lived around 1158. The family was first mentioned in documents in 1289 with Ludewicus de Sickingen . The genealogical manual of the nobility begins the line of the family with the knight Reinhard von Sickingen , who is mentioned in documents from 1295 to 1309.

Sickingen, the parent company of the same name, is now part of the Flehingen district of the Oberderdingen community in the Karlsruhe district . There were two castles there, the Upper and Lower Castle . Early while the Upper Castle departed , the Lower Castle was in 1525 in the Peasants' War destroyed. In 1448 the Palatinate rule Ebernburg came into the pledge and later into the fiefdom of the Sickinger, who they only ceded to the Electoral Palatinate in 1750 and 1771. Also Landstuhl in the district of Kaiserslautern with Burgenland chair and Nanstein Castle reached the end of the 15th century in the possession of the family, and then the surrounding land Sickingerhöhe was called.

Spread and lines

Hennel Landschad von Steinach († 1377) and his wife Mia von Sickingen, epitaph in the church in Neckarsteinach
Franz von Sickingen (* 1481; † 1523), leader of the Rhenish and Swabian knighthood
Agnes von Dalberg b. von Sickingen, Katharinenkirche Oppenheim

Reinhard of Sickingen , who is also the Black Knight was called, was the first imperial proconsul to Hagenau and 1401 governors in imperial Italy . His son Schweicker became chief steward of King Ruprecht von der Pfalz . He died in 1417. Schweicker's grandson Schweikhardt , Grand Master and Colonel of the Palatinate , died in 1505 near Landshut . His marriage to Margarethe Puller von Hohenburg in 1466 resulted in a significant expansion of the Sickingen property: the principal heiress of the Alsatian house of Hohenburg brought rights to Merxheim and a share in the castle and the town of Landstuhl to the family. Schweikhardt tried to concentrate his property mainly in the area of ​​the river Nahe , for which he also acquired new fiefs and pledges . Here the Ebernburg was the center of his rule. His son Franz von Sickingen (1481–1523), lord of Sickingen-Sickingenburg, imperial councilor, treasurer and captain, was one of the most important representatives of the family. He waged war on his own with princes and imperial estates, and even with France , in the hope of giving the imperial knighthood an independent position in the empire alongside the imperial princes and imperial cities. Through the campaigns he was able to acquire considerable goods on the Middle Rhine . His most important castles were Landstuhl and the Ebernburg in Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg . He fell in 1523 in a feud against Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads (1467-1531), Elector of Trier .

His sister Agnes († 1517) was married to Wolfgang VI. von Dalberg (1473–1522), Electoral Palatinate bailiff in Oppenheim , brother of Worms Bishop Johann III. von Dalberg (1455–1503) and cousin of the aforementioned Trier Elector von Greiffenclau. The couple's double epitaph has been preserved in the Katharinenkirche Oppenheim .

Franz von Sickingen's youngest son, Franz Conrad von Sickingen (1511–1574), marshal of the Electorate of the Palatinate , Vitztum von Amberg and Imperial Court and Imperial War Council , left five sons from his first marriage who became the founders of five branches. Georg Wilhelm founded the branch to Schallodenbach , Reinhard to Landstuhl, Franz to Sickingen, Schweickhard to Ebernburg and Friedrich to Hohenburg in Alsace . Of these lines, those at Sickingen and Hohenburg existed the longest.

The line to Sickingen was divided into an older and a younger branch, the younger one going out on November 25, 1834 with the death of Count Franz. Franz Graf von Sickingen zu Sickingen and all the branches of his house were accepted into the Swabian Counts College according to the reception documents from June 7th and 17th, 1791 and June 21st and August 3rd, 1793 . On June 10, 1791 and on May 12, 1792 was carried out by Swabian Circle conclusions inclusion in the Swabian Kreisständehaus and was by imperial court decree to the Reich Board on 19 February 1797. Knowledge of the national assembly brought.

As a result of Friedrich's marriage (1544–1581) with Anna Schnewlin von Landeck, the line to Hohenburg took over the ownership of Schnewlin in southern Baden and resided in Ebnet in southern Baden . Ferdinand Hartmann Freiherr von Sickingen-Hohenburg came from the Sickingen-Hohenburg line. He was the imperial privy councilor and governor of Freiburg and in 1697 married Elisabeth Magarethe Sidonie Countess von Pappenheim . Her son Johann Ferdinand Sebastian Freiherr von Sickingen-Hohenburg (* 1715; † 1772) became imperial privy councilor and president of the knighthood of the front of Austria. From his marriage to Maria Anna Sophie Freiin von Greiffenklau zu Vollrath came Johann Nepomuk Kasimir Graf von Sickingen-Hohenburg (* 1740, † 1795), Imperial Treasurer and Burgmann zu Friedeberg. He was married to Amalia Freiin Spaeth von Zwiefalten (* 1757, † 1800) since 1794. Both Sebastian and Kasimir lived in the Palais Sickingen in Freiburg.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Lords of Sickingen belonged to the imperial knighthood in the knightly canton of Odenwald of the Franconian knight circle , in the 18th century because of the possession of Sickingen to the knightly canton of Kraichgau , because of the possession or partial ownership of Sauerburg , the court Oders (Aders) and Sauerthal to the knightly canton of Middle Rhine and because of Köngernheim to the knightly canton of Upper Rhine of the Rhenish knight circle . Members of the branch line to Sickingen-Schallodenbach were enrolled in the knightly district of Lower Rhine because of Schallodenbach , Heimkirchen , Schneckenhausen and Wörsbach and because of the possession of Obenheim (a quarter) in the knightly district of Lower Alsace. For the loss of the holdings of Landstuhl, Köngernheim, Ellerstadt , Heimkirchen, Schallodenbach, Schneckenhausen, and shares in Wartenberg on the left bank of the Rhine , the family was compensated in 1802 by the village of Pleß, which formerly belonged to the Buxheim Charterhouse , and an annual pension that was later reduced to the Württemberg lords of Schussenried and Weißenau .

Status surveys

Tomb for the last member of the Sickingen-Sickingen line, Imperial Count Franz von Sickingen († 1834), Sauerthal Cemetery, donated by the historian Karl Rossel

From the Hohenburg line, Ferdinand Hartmann received from Sickingen-Hohenburg auf Hohenburg, imperial councilor and governor, on May 17, 1706 in Vienna the status of imperial baron and on February 10, 1711 the Hungarian indigenous . His grandchildren, the brothers Kasimir Ferdinand auf Hohenberg, kk chamberlain, and Ferdinand Adam, Freiherr von und zu Sickingen-Hohenburg, received the imperial count status on February 19, 1790 with the salutation high and well-born and an improvement in the coat of arms . Kasimir Ferdinand Graf von und zu Sickingen-Hohenburg was accepted into the Swabian Imperial Counts College on August 3, 1793 and enrolled in the Front Austrian Imperial Knighthood in Breisgau .

From the Sickingen line, Schweickard von Sickingen, Imperial Councilor, was raised to the status of imperial baron with von and zu Sickingen on February 1, 1623 in Regensburg. His grandson Franz Freiherr von und zu Sickingen auf Sickingen, Landstuhl , Sauerthal and Sien , imperial councilor, electoral Palatinate privy councilor and chamber president, received the Lower Austrian old man's estate on August 23, 1706 . His son Damian Freiherr von und zu Sickingen, Imperial Chamberlain, Real Privy Councilor, Field Marshal and Governor of Bohemia , received the Bohemian Incolat in the lordship on January 28, 1723 and the brothers Karl Anton and Joseph Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von und zu Sickingen on January 2. May 1735.

On March 5, 1753, the Landstuhl branch of the Sickinger line became Karl Anton Freiherr von und zu Sickingen and Landstuhl, Schallodenbach and Sauerberg, electoral Palatinate chamberlain , privy councilor, vice-stableman and senior bailiff zu Bretten and Kaiserslautern in the imperial count state with the salutation high and well-born and a coat of arms improvement. His brother Joseph Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von und zu Sickingen auf Sickingen and Köngernheim, royal chamberlain and retired captain , electoral Palatinate chamberlain, real secret councilor and senior magistrate zu Bretten from the Sickingen branch of the Sickingen line received the imperial count status with high and well-born and one Improvement of the coat of arms on December 26, 1784 in Vienna. On April 4, 1785, an electoral Palatinate Bavarian tender was issued for him. His son Franz Graf von und zu Sickingen on Pless near Memmingen was accepted into the Swabian Imperial Counts College on May 12, 1797 .

The Sickingen-Sickingen line expired in 1834.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows five (2, 1, 2) silver balls (also snowballs) in black . On the helmet with black and gold helmet covers, a gold gooseneck with three red balls, each with three black cock feathers.

According to Otto Hupp , the red edge of the shield, which appears in blazons and by Siebmacher , was added later as a "deteriorating" addition.

Count's coats of arms 1773 and 1790

The imperial coats of arms, awarded in 1773 and 1790, show the stem shield with a count's crown and a red coat of arms lined (1773) or silver-lined (1790) with gold tassels and fringes.

Count's coat of arms 1784

The coat of arms of the imperial count's coat of arms awarded in 1784 is identical to the stem shield. Two inward-looking, flight-ready, black-armored golden swans , whose necks are each studded with three red balls, each equipped with three black cock feathers, serve as shield holders . On the shield is a count's crown with a silver-lined red coat of arms with gold tassels and fringes.

Municipal coat of arms

Colors and elements, especially the five balls, from the coat of arms of the Sickingen family still appear today in many of the district, city and community coats of arms of the former Sickingen territory.

Possessions

The castles Ebernburg and Nanstein with the rule Landstuhl and the rule Schallodenbach belong to the possessions of the Sickinger in today's Rhineland-Palatinate . The properties on the left bank of the Rhine covered an area of ​​around three square miles with around 7,000 souls at the end of the 18th century and bore 131,458 guilders.

There were also numerous possessions in what is now Baden-Württemberg .

Name bearer

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Maximilian von Humbracht : "The highest ornament of Teutsch-Land, and excellence of the Teutschen nobility: presented in the Reichs-Freyen Rhenish knights, also from the same descended and adjoining generations, so summoned to high stiffers, or praised knights 150 years ago been incorporated, Stamm-Taffeln and Wapen ” , Frankfurt am Main 1707, fol. 70-73
  2. ^ A b c New General German Adels Lexicon Volume 8, Pages 485-486.
  3. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke (Ed.): Europäische Stammtafeln NF 11 (1986), Plate 61
  4. ↑ Kehrer 1979, Document Part C, No. 22–56.
  5. Jump up ↑ Kurt Andermann : Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom: the Chamberlain of Worms called by Dalberg , Volume 31 of: Works of the Hessian Historical Commission , 2009, p. 100, ISBN 3884430548 ; (Detail scan)
  6. ↑ Wikisource: Article from the "Gartenlaube" about Count Franz († 1834)
  7. ↑ Manfred Gallo: Freiburg Mitte: Domicile of the Grand Dukes of Baden , Badische Zeitung, February 21, 2011, accessed on July 31, 2011
  8. ^ Gerhard Köbler : Historical Lexicon of the German Lands. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , p. 661.
  9. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke (Ed.): Europäische Stammtafeln NF 11 (1986), Plate 68
  10. ↑ Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1903. Page 30
  11. ↑ Karl Heinrich von Lang : Tables on area content, number of people, income, and imminent loss of the Teutsche Reichs-Lande , Basel, Decker, 1798, p. 23 ( Google Books )
  12. ^ Sauerthal Regionalgeschichte.net

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Bechtoldt: Sickinger coat of arms seal . In: Yearbook for West German State History , 34th vol., 2008, pp. 129–167 [not evaluated]
  • Michael Benz: Sickingen - Portraits. G. Peschke GmbH Druckerei, Munich 1985 [not evaluated]
  • Joachim P. Heinz: The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (1803) and the dissolution of the Palatinate counties Wartenberg, Sickingen and von der Leyen . In: Mitteilungen des Historisches Verein der Pfalz , 111th Bd., 2013, pp. 185–265 [not evaluated]
  • Otto Hupp : Munich calendar 1903. Book a. Art Print AG, Munich / Regensburg 1903
  • Reinhard Scholzen : Franz von Sickingen. A noble life in the field of tension between cities and territories. Trier dissertation, Kaiserslautern 1996, ISBN 3-927754-17-X
  • Reinhard Scholzen: Franz von Sickingen (1481–1523). The economic and political rise and fall of an imperial knight in the time of the Reformation In: Blätter für Palatinate Church History and Religious Folklore 65, 1998, pp. 271-291
  • Wilhelm Schneegans: The Ebernburg. History of the noble family of those von Sickingen following the history of the Ebernburg. Schmithals, Kreuznach 1878 digitized
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 8, Friedrich Voigt's Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1868, pages 485-486. ( Digitized version )
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility , Adelslexikon Volume XIII, Volume 128 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2002, ISSN  0435-2408

Web links

Commons : Sickingen  - collection of images, videos and audio files