Jabuka (Vojvodina)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Јабука
Jabuka
Torontálalmás
Јабука

Municipal office, built in 1901

Coat of arms of Jabuka (Vojvodina)
Jabuka (Vojvodina) (Serbia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Serbia
Province : Vojvodina
Okrug : Južni Banat
Coordinates : 44 ° 57 '  N , 20 ° 36'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 56 '58 "  N , 20 ° 35' 59"  E
Residents : 6,181 (2011)
Telephone code : (+381) 013
Postal code : 26201
License plate : PA
Structure and administration
Mayor : Igor Peško ( LSV )

Jabuka ( Serbian - Cyrillic Јабука , German  Jabuka , Hungarian Torontálalmás ) is a village with 6,181 inhabitants in the southern Banat on the Timisoara in the Opština Pančevo in the Okrug Južni Banat of Vojvodina , Serbia . Jabuka is located about 27 km northeast of Belgrade . The place name literally means apple .

history

First traces of settlement

Objects (tools made of stone, animal bones, copper and bronze , fragments of clay vessels ) from the Neolithic Vinča and Starčevo cultures , the Baden culture , the Hallstatt period and the migration period ( Sarmatian ceramics) were found in the municipality .

Ottoman Empire

There is no documentary evidence of when Jabuka was actually founded. A traditional founding myth says that Slavic fishermen found an apple tree on the left bank of the Temesch at the beginning of the 17th or 18th century, around which they built the first houses. This myth can be proven in writing for the first time in 1912. The current settlement area of ​​Jabuka belonged to the Ottoman Eyâlet Tımışvâr from 1552 to 1718 . In 1733, 19 Slavic families were counted in Jabuka. The traditional names such as Stoikov, Stepan, Pavao or Damian do not necessarily refer to a Serbian origin, a Bulgarian or Romanian origin would also be conceivable. It is certain that Jabuka did not exist between 1660 and 1666.

Jabuka during the Habsburg Monarchy (1718–1918)

Austrian State Archives : Sectio 138 card of the Josephinische Landesaufnahme (1769–1772)
St. Leopold Church , built 1829–1833, demolished 1959–1962
Jabuka (Almás) and Torontál-Almás train station, 1897

With the Peace of Passarowitz , the Banat came under the rule of the Habsburgs . As an imperial camera property, it was subordinated to the Vienna central authorities ( court war council and court chamber ) and administered by a provincial administration in Temesvár . 1764 began under Maria Theresa in the southwestern Banat the administrative development and the organized colonization of a border regiment and its regimental district for the further expansion of the military border . Under the direction of the Imperial War Council from May 1764 were a resettlement Corps first veterans from the Aerarial -Invalidenhäusern of Vienna , Prague , Pest and Pettau selected. A military settlement commission conscripted the places intended for settlement. According to the commission report of December 1764, there were 88 Raiz families and 69 habitable houses in the scattered settlement of Jabuka ( Old Jabuka ). With this conscription, the Slavic residents could opt for military service or for financially compensated relocation with a three-year tax exemption. 86 families decided to move to Jarkovac , Ilandža, Dobrica and Banatsko Novo Selo. In April 1765 the commission reported to the Court War Council that the settlement of a company with 200 veterans in Jabuka had been completed. About half of the soldiers were married and had children. In the first few years, two to three families lived together in one house as a so-called communion . In 1768 Emperor Joseph II inspected the Banat and noted in his travel diary on May 9, 1768: Jabuka is the worst village of all. In 1770, further families from Alsace , Lorraine , Baden , the Palatinate , Franconia , Bohemia and Moravia , Lower Austria , various Hungarian counties and regimental districts on the military border began to settle down to the beginning of the 19th century . The first settlers were accommodated in temporary accommodation in the Prädium Govedarovacz from 1770 to 1777 . The type of settlement and economy of the Raitzen (Serbs) did not, however, correspond to the ideas of the Viennese courts of effective agriculture and an orderly lifestyle. In the General Principia, according to which the [settlement] work is to be continued (1775), Colonel Geneyne, entrusted with the command of the German settlement regiment since 1769, names among other things the goal: "The [especially Serbian] militar in the Gräntz -To put protection people in the position, in order to be able to bring the intentions of the court, with them one day, to the Werck advantageously. ”In March 1774 the court war council ordered the complete rebuilding of Jabuka.

The same goals were essentially pursued for the re-establishment of the German village of Jabuka: “To set up the building of their German military villages so that the man could have a permanent and healthy apartment; and in general, through this construction, to introduce order, which also has special reference to the other conditions of good farming. "

In Jabuka and in all places newly created for the settlers, the agricultural areas were divided into corridors according to the principles of three-field farming and the farms in the village were combined. The clearly delimited local setter was surrounded by the communal hut pasture. This was followed by the three arable corridors (summer corridor, winter corridor and fallow) and the meadow corridor. A plot of land was allocated to each house in each of the four corridors.

According to the layout plan from 1774, the blocks were arranged in three parallel rows to form small rectangular units of different lengths. These small units could easily be fitted into the site, so that a high degree of flexibility could be achieved with them when designing the floor plan. The desired geometric clarity was however limited to individual sections of the village floor plan. In the “division plan” of the two villages Jabuka and Sefkerin from the same year, another rectangular unit - referred to as the “Raiczisch village” - is added to the west.

The court chamber approved the proposed floor plan and the estimated construction costs. In November 1774, the court war council received a submissive report that the building to be undertaken for this year, the military site of Jabuka, was now completely finished. The new village was laid out in several rectangular blocks as a row village on the left bank of Temesch, two and a half kilometers southeast of Alt-Jabuka . There were Common settler homes , a captain quarters , a Lieutnantsquartier , a Arrendatorquartier , a schoolhouse, a tavern, a wheelwright , a blacksmith built, dug five public fountains and on the streets, a rectory and a church mulberry for sericulture planted. During the Russo-Austrian Turkish War in 1788, Joseph II ordered the evacuation of the civilian population at risk in the frontline area, who were provisionally housed in the Kiskunfélegyháza - Csongrád region . After the Peace of Swishtow , the destroyed village was rebuilt and a rock cross was erected, which is still in the place today. In 1808 Archduke Ludwig visited the Banat military border and founded a fruit tree nursery in Jabuka . A cholera epidemic in 1836 and a syphilis epidemic in 1838 claimed numerous victims in the region. In June 1866, the German Banat Border Infantry Regiment No. 12 took part in the second battle near Custozza .

Since 1766 the Roman Catholic parish belonged to the diocese of Csanád . The new parish church of St. Leopold was built from 1829 to 1833 . The certificate of the laying of the foundation stone of November 14, 1833 was walled up in the high altar of the church. In the years 1836, 1838, 1846 and 1867 visitierten Bishops Josef Lonovics and Alexander Bonnaz the parish. In 1858 the pastor noted in the parish register ( Historia Domus ) that a wonderful sky was visible for most of the summer . In 1901 the small Orthodox Church of St. Demetrius was built.

After the military border was dissolved (1872), Jabuka belonged to the Pancsova administrative district ( Pancsovai járás , Panschowa chair district ) of Torontál county . In the course of the Magyarization , the place was first officially called both Jabuka and Almás ( apple ). Due to the Hungarian Reichstag law of 1898 on community and place names, only the variants Almás or Torontálalmás were officially allowed to be used until 1918. As a result of the industrialization that began in the 19th century, the Gottfried Friedrich company built a starch factory in 1894 . In April 1894, the Nagybecskerek- Pancsova regional railway was opened to public transport. In 1901 the new official building of the community was built, the external appearance of which is designed with the traditional color of the Habsburg monarchy ( Schönbrunn yellow ). In 1905 a cadastral survey was carried out and cadastral plans were drawn up, on which the Hungarian place name was given.

Jabuka after the First World War

The Serbian army occupied the southern Banat just five days after the Austro-Hungarian armistice . Due to the treaties of Trianon and Sèvres , the county of Torontál was divided in 1920 . Jabuka initially fell to the state of the Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (Serbo-Croatian: Država Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba). Since 1921 Jabuka belonged to the Belgrade administrative district (Beogradska oblast ) of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . In 1923 the Roman Catholic parish was placed under the Apostolic Administration of Banat . Since 1929 Jabuka has belonged to the Danube Banschaft .

Jabuka in World War II

On April 6, 1941, the attack on Yugoslavia began . On April 11, 1941, units of the Wehrmacht marched into Jabuka. After the Yugoslav surrender, the SS division “Reich” in Jabuka and all other communities carried out a recruitment process among the youngest men, accompanied by intensive propaganda . The SS was able to set up several recruit companies in the Banat by the beginning of May, which, after a short basic training in Prague , were deployed on the Eastern Front in June 1941 . From August 1941, men reported for duty in the auxiliary police (HiPo). This unit was subordinate to a battalion of the Ordnungspolizei . From February 1942 the HiPo's operational area was extended from the Banat to the entire occupied Serbia .

In 1942 the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen" was set up. Although the designation 7th SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgs-Division was introduced and continued to be used in the first phase of the establishment (spring 1942) , it was soon drawn up across the board. On March 16, 1943, the place was renamed by the Wehrmacht in Apfeldorf .

At the beginning of September 1944, the leadership of the ethnic group worked out a plan to evacuate the German civilian population , which the Higher SS and Police Leader Hermann Behrends refused with reference to a secret order from the Führer . The ethnic group leader and many functionaries of the ethnic group left the Banat by the beginning of October. A few functionaries with their families also fled from Apfeldorf . On October 4, 1944, units of the Red Army reached the place, which became the immediate front area .

Stratište (execution site)

memorial Stratište

This is the name of a place in the Kleiner Ried (east of the Großer Ried ) that lies behind a dam built between 1928 and 1934 in the Temesch flood plain and where shootings took place at the end of October 1941. Wehrmacht special commandos murdered 600 Jews and Gypsies. On October 16, 1944, units of the Yugoslav partisans arrested 21 Germans (including the mayor / "local judge") and shot them in the neck near Stratište. The mass grave was discovered three months later by a Yugoslav commission looking for partisan graves. On October 30, 1944, a liquidation squad reappeared to shoot Germans for collaborating with the occupying forces . The Serbian local judge, however, defended himself and insisted on due legal proceedings, which prevented him from being shot again for the time being. On November 14, 1944, however, another 15 Germans were arrested and murdered. In January 1945 a communist commission of inquiry registered 34 mass graves.

Internment of the German population

As a result of the AVNOJ resolutions , people belonging to the German ethnic group ( Yugoslav Germans , ethnic Germans ) were deprived of their Yugoslav citizenship and all associated civil rights were revoked . This does not apply to persons who were married to persons of recognized Yugoslav nationalities . In December 1944 a contingent of able-bodied men and women was selected and in January 1945 deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor . In April 1945 the local command of the People's Liberation Committee ordered the complete evacuation of nine residential areas with around 150 houses in the northeastern part of the lower village . The German inhabitants referred to the eastern part of Jabuka as Unterdorf. The evacuated residential areas were demarcated with a barbed wire fence, the windows and doors of the houses next to the fence were boarded up. All of the German residents who remained in the village were imprisoned in this internment camp on April 27, 1945 . Their property has been confiscated . In October 1945 many prisoners were transferred to the Knićanin camp. By 1948, a total of 440 Jabuka residents were killed in various camps in the former Yugoslavia .

After 1945

New and old architectural style

In 1946, Macedonian colonists settled in Jabuka, Glogonj and Franzfeld (Kacarevo). 561 families came to Jabuka, the vast majority from the North Macedonian Kriva Palanka , 10 km from the Bulgarian border. This made Jabuka with 3464 Macedonians the largest Macedonian settlement outside of Macedonia. In 1946, the population of Jabuka consisted of 92% Macedonians and 7% Romanians. In the following years Serbs from the Lika ( Krajina ) were also settled. After the Croatian War , more Serbian refugees came to Jabuka from the Lika. During the Kosovo war , Pančevo, 8 km away, was badly affected by the NATO bombing because of its refineries and the military airfield . As a result of Romania's admission to the European Union , most Romanians left Jabuka for Romania after 2007.

In 2006, the German hometown community and the municipal administration erected a symbolic tombstone in the cemetery , which reminds all German citizens resting here in awe .

On June 10, 2010, the murder of a 17-year-old Serb by a Roma peer gave rise to daily protests by villagers in front of Roma houses; this led to riots and attacks against Roma. Between 300 and 500 people are believed to have been involved in these attacks, five of whom were arrested for stirring up ethnic hatred.

In 2011, the construction of the Orthodox Church of St. Elias , largely financed by donations, began on the main square , in which a mass was celebrated for the first time in August 2014.

Demographics

Historical descriptions of places (1786–1850)

In a lexicon from 1786 there is a brief topographical description of Jabuka without statistical data. In a postal dictionary from 1805, 214 houses were given. In 1829 more differentiated data were published in statistical notes: Jabuka had 2,148 inhabitants in 407 houses, of which 1894 were Roman Catholic or Greek Catholic , 250 Orthodox, 2 Protestant and 2 Jewish . On the certificate of the laying of the foundation stone of the Leopoldskirche in November 1833, 2200 souls in 260 houses were given. According to statistics published by the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Commerce in 1850, the village had 2745 inhabitants in 1846.

Official census results

population
year total German Wallachians
( Romanians ) 		Croatians Macedonians Serbs Hungary Others
1869 3054
1890 3279 2743 369 4th 13 136 14th
1910 3315 2813 394 8th 12 88
1921 3265 2819 348 73 25th
1931 3111 2785 326
1953 4623 245 28 2774 1199 76 301
1971 5453 40 3325 1552 53 483
2002 6312 1 79 14th 2054 3224 27 913
Place name sign in three letters (Serbian, Croatian, Macedonian)

An official census was first carried out in Austria-Hungary in 1869 . The official results document the complex domestic political problems of the multiethnic states and above all the ideological aspects of their nationality politics . In the year 1869 no data on the nationality and mother tongue of the inhabitants were determined. In Jabuka, 2,692 residents professed to be Roman Catholic and 362 to Orthodox. According to the census, there were 355 houses in the village. The above figures from the 1910 census are the determined data on the mother tongue. Of the 3315 inhabitants, 563 stated that they could speak the state language ( Magyarization ). According to the census, there were 675 houses in Torontálalmás. The figures for 1921 are also the determined data about the mother tongue. The above figures for 1931 were published by the Vienna Publication Office of the Southeast German Research Association for the Army General Staff . The population numbers are divided into the categories German and other ( national politics ). In the four-volume Yugoslav publication, no data on the mother tongue were published for domestic political reasons ( ethnic group politics ). According to the Yugoslav census, there were 786 houses with 3,079 inhabitants in Jabuka. The 1971 result was structured according to the national composition of Yugoslavia (Montenegrins, Croats, Macedonians, Muslims , Slovenes, Serbs, Albanians, Hungarians, Roma and Yugoslavs ). In the category Other above , 2 Slovenes, 14 Montenegrins, 168 Yugoslavs and 299 without information are summarized. In 2002, 307 residents identified themselves as Yugoslavs, 512 made no ethnic information about themselves. The most recent census in 2011 counted 6181 inhabitants.

Culture

Swabian-German cultural association

In September 1920, a local group of the Swabian-German Cultural Association was founded in Jabuka , dissolved in 1924 and re-established in 1939.

Macedonian culture

The local lifestyle is strongly influenced by the Macedonian culture. Most of the Macedonians are united in the cultural society "JABUKA". In 1961 the Macedonian cultural center "Kočo Racin" was founded, named after the Macedonian poet and partisan Kosta Apostolov Solev. The Macedonian holiday " Ilinden " (Republic Day in Macedonia) is celebrated every year in Jabuka on August 2nd . Since 2008, the annual Macedonian ethno festival "Tavče Gravče" has been taking place in the village. In September 2006, the 60th anniversary of the Macedonian settlement in Jabuka was celebrated in Jabuka, in which the Macedonian President Branko Crvenkovski and the Serbian President Boris Tadić also took part. The local Roma founded the “Crni biseri” (Black Pearls) cultural association.

Since September 2011, the school in Jabuka has been offering Macedonian with a textbook from Macedonia from the first grade onwards.

literature

  • Simo Mladenovski: Banatskoto selo Jabuka. (Macedonian), NIO Studentski zbor, Skopje 1986.
  • Simo Mladenovski: Banatsko selo Jabuka. (Serbian), NIO Studentski zbor, Skopje 1988.
  • Hometown Committee Jabuka (Ed.): Homeland book of the local community Jabuka - Apfeldorf - Torontal Almas 1764–1945. Ludwigshafen / Rhine 1990.
  • Hometown Committee Jabuka (Ed.): Photo book of the local community Jabuka - Apfeldorf - Torontal Almas 1764–1945. Ludwigshafen / Rhine 1992.
  • Ljubiša Ivanovski: Jabuka kroz vekove. Qubesoft, Pančevo 2011. ISBN 978-86-87881-04-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Simo Mladenovski: Banatskoto selo Jabuka. Pp. 19-24.
  2. ↑ Samu Borovszky, p. 124; Simo Mladenovski, p. 20 and 25-26.
  3. ↑ Simo Mladenovski, p. 25; Josef Kallbrunner, p. 14
  4. ^ Simo Mladenovski: Banatsko selo Jabuka. Studentski zbor, Skopje 1986, p. 28l Selo je imalo 19 porodica slovenskog porekla
  5. ↑ Istorija ( Memento of March 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Erik Roth: The planned settlements in the German-Banat military border district 1765-1821. Oldenbourg, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-486-54741-0 , pp. 50-53
  7. ↑ Erik Roth: The planned settlements in the German-Banat military border district 1765-1821. Oldenbourg, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-486-54741-0 , pp. 38-42, 44-48, 50-53, 85-88, 99-109, 131 and 347-348.
    Felix Milleker ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive )     Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : History of the Banat Military Frontier 1764-1873. Wittigschlager, Pančevo 1925, p. 49 u. 87. Felix Milleker : History of the City of Pančevo. Wittigschlager, Pančevo 1925, p. 93. Austrian State Archives , maps and plan collection: Floor plan plan GI h 3 . Carl Bernhard von Hietzinger: Statistics of the military borders of the Austrian empire. Second part. Verlag C. Gerold, Vienna 1820, pp. 92-93 Heimatbuch der Ortsgemeinde Jabuka. , Pp. 30-32, 34-36, 44-49 and the like. 63-68, 91 u. 99 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.muzejvrsac.org.rs



  8. ↑ Homeland book of the local community Jabuka. Pp. 76-81, 91, 96 and 100; Felix Milleker: History of the Banat Military Frontier. P. 68 and 100.
  9. ^ Jabuka Starch Industry of Pančevo , Retrieved March 29, 2016
  10. ^ Felix Milleker: The Banat Railways 1847-1917. JE Kirchner's widow, Vršac 1927, p. 17
  11. ↑ Országgyűlési Könyvtar: Jabuka 1905 , land register plans in the Hungarian State Archives .
  12. ^ Felix Milleker: History of the City of Pančevo. Wittigschlager, Pančevo 1925, p. 229.
  13. ↑ Heimatbuch, p. 303
  14. ↑ Thomas Casagrande: The Volksdeutsche SS division "Prinz Eugen". The Banat Swabians and the National Socialist war crimes. Campus Vlg., Frankfurt am Main 2003, p. 143; see also Akiko Shimizu: The German occupation of the Serbian Banat 1941-1944 with special consideration of the German ethnic group in Yugoslavia . LIT Verlag, Münster 2003, p. 223. See also the home book of the local community Jabuka. P. 303
  15. ↑ Ekkehard Völkl : Westbanat 1941–1944 . Trofenik Verlag, pp. 55-56; see also Heimatbuch Jabuka p. 304; see also Akiko Shimizu, pp. 152–154.
  16. ^ Thomas Casagrande: The Volksdeutsche SS-Division "Prinz Eugen": The Banat Swabians and the National Socialist War Crimes , Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 2003, ISBN 3-593-37234-7 . P. 196.
  17. ↑ Akiko Shimizu, pp. 188-189; see also Ekkehard Völkl: Westbanat 1941-1944. P. 80.
  18. ↑ Homeland book of the local community Jabuka . P. 304; Thomas Casagrande: The Volksdeutsche SS division "Prinz Eugen". The Banat Swabians and the National Socialist war crimes. Campus, Frankfurt / Main 2003, ISBN 3-593-37234-7 , p. 298.
  19. ↑ Heimatbuch, p. 312; see also the White Book of Germans from Yugoslavia. Munich 1992, p. 131.
  20. ^ White Book of Germans from Yugoslavia, p. 131. See also Heimatbuch Jabuka, pp. 320–321. see also Michael Portmann: The Communist Revolution in Vojvodina 1944–1952, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2008. from page 117
  21. ↑ illustrated book of the local community Jabuka, page 314. see also White Book of the Germans, p.131. she also Michael Portmann
  22. ^ Michael Portmann , Arnold Suppan : Serbia and Montenegro in World War II. In: Walter Lukan , Valeria Heuberger (ed.): Serbia and Montenegro. Space and population, history, language and literature, culture, politics, society, economy, law. LIT, Vienna / Münster 2006, ISBN 3-8258-9539-4 , p. 276 ; Walter Manoschek : “Serbia is free of Jews” - Military occupation policy and the extermination of Jews in Serbia 1941/42. Oldenbourg, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-486-55974-5 , pp. 91, 98-101 .; Report on executions on October 27th and 30th, 1941 .; Randolph L. Braham: The Politics of Genocide. The Holocaust in Hungary. Volume 1. Columbia University Press, New York City 1981, ISBN 0-231-05208-1 , page 336; Daniel Blatman: The Death Marches. The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide. Belknap Press, Cambridge / Massachusetts 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-05049-5 , page 65; Simo Mladenovski: Banatskoto selo Jabuka. and Banatsko selo Jabuka. Pp. 60-66; Lajčo Klajn: The Past in Present Times. The Yugoslav Saga. University Press of America, Lanham / Maryland 2007, ISBN 978-0-7618-3647-6 , p. 87 ; Josef Beer (ed.): White paper of the Germans from Yugoslavia. Local reports 1944-1948. Universitas, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-8004-1270-5 , p. 131; Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung (Ed.): The suffering of the Germans in communist Yugoslavia. Volume 2: Reports about the crimes against the Germans by the Tito regime in the period 1944-1948. Munich 1993, ISBN 3-926276-17-7 , p. 152 u. 153 .; Homeland book of the local community Jabuka , pp. 175, 312, 313, 319, 381, 388, 390 u. 408; Photo book of the Jabuka community , p. 314; Michael Portmann: The Communist Revolution in Vojvodina 1944-1952. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2008. ISBN 978-3-7001-6503-3 , p. 117. Kako su komunisti streljali 72 pilota Milan Todorović, Ladislav Feldeši: Stratište kod Pančeva: grobnica deset hiljada rodoljuba. Istorijski Arhiv Pančeva, Pančevo 1985, multilingual commemorative script, without page numbers; Nebojša Tomašević (Ed.): Treasures of Yugoslavia: An encyclopedic touring guide. Yugoslaviapublic, Belgrade 1982, p. 429; Ljubiša Ivanovski: Jabuka kroz vekove. P. 41; Akiko Shimizu: The German occupation of the Serbian Banat 1941-1944 with special consideration of the German ethnic group in Yugoslavia. Regensburg writings from philosophy, politics, society and history. Volume 5. LIT, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-5975-4 , p. 253.
  23. ↑ Josef Beer (Ed.): White Book of the Germans from Yugoslavia. Local reports 1944-1948. Universitas, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-8004-1270-5 , p. 132.
    Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung (Ed.): The suffering of the Germans in communist Yugoslavia. Volume 4: Human losses-names and numbers on crimes against the Germans by the Tito regime in the period from 1944-1948. Munich 1994, ISBN 3-926276-22-3 , pp. 191-194.
    Homeland book of the Jabuka parish. Pp. 313-315 and 425.
  24. ↑ Jovan F. Trifunoski: O posleratnom naseljavanju stanovnistva iz NR Makedonije u tri banatska naselja: Jabuka, Kacarevo i Glogonj. Novi Sad: Matica Srpska, 1958; Simo Mladenovski: Banatskoto selo Jabuka. P. 89.
  25. ^ European Roma rights center. (PDF; 120 kB) Retrieved March 25, 2011 .
  26. ↑ Roma confronted with ethnic hatred. Retrieved March 25, 2011 .
  27. ↑ Nastavljeni radovi na hramu Svetog Ilije u Jabuci. ( Memento of the original from June 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. RTV Pančevo, July 31, 2012; Prva liturgija u Hramu Svetog Ilije u Jabuci. ( Memento of the original from June 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. RTV Pančevo, August 2, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rtvpancevo.rs @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rtvpancevo.rs
  28. ^ Johann Matthias Korabinsky : Geographisch-Historisches u. Products encyclopedia of Hungary. Weberscher Verlag, Preßburg 1786, p. 247
    Christian Crusius: Topographical Post-Lexicon of all localities of the kk hereditary countries. The fourth part, volume two. Universitäts-Buchdrucker Schmidt, Vienna 1805, p. 455
    Lajos Nagy: Notitiae politico-geographico-statisticae partium Regno Hungariae adnexarum, seu Slavoniae et Croatiae, Litoralis item Hungarico-Maritimi commercialis, et confiniorum militarium Hungaricorum. Volume 2. A. Landerer, Buda 1829, p. 156
    Homeland book of the local community Jabuka. Pp. 76-81.
    Direction of administrative statistics in the kk ministry f. Handel (Ed.): Tables for the statistics of the Austrian monarchy for the years 1845 and 1846. First part. kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1850, plate 2, p. 16
  29. ↑ Az 1869. évi népszámlálás vallási adatai (PDF; 10.4 MB) p. 216.
  30. ↑ Magyar Király Statisztikai Hivatal (ed.): A magyar korona országainak helységnévtára. Budapest 1892, p. 606  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and p. 607  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / konyvtar.ksh.hu  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / konyvtar.ksh.hu  
  31. ^ Magyar Király Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (ed.): A magyar szent korona országainak 1910. évi népszámlálása. Budapest 1912. Volume 42, p. 368 and p. 369.
  32. ↑ Definitivni rezultati popisa stanovništva od January 31, 1921 godine.
  33. ^ Yugoslavia: Distribution of the nationalities according to districts. Directory of places with more than 10 German residents. After the 1931 census, Army General Staff, War Maps and Surveying Department. Edited and edited by the Publikationsstelle Wien. Waldheim & Eberle, Vienna 1941, p. 55.
  34. ↑ Rezultati popisa stanovništva od 31 marta 1953 godine PDF
  35. ↑ Nacionalni Sastav stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije. Knjiga II PDF
  36. ↑ http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G2002/pdfE/G20024001.pdf
  37. ^ Popis stanovništva
  38. ↑ Hans Rasimus: As a stranger in the fatherland: the Swabian-German cultural association and the former German ethnic group in Yugoslavia in the mirror of the press. Working group for Danube Swabian homeland and folk research, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-926276-05-3 , p. 102; Homeland book of the Jabuka parish. P. 172; The work of the Kulturbund. Activity reports, Neusatz, years 1937-1940. Akiko Shimizu: The German occupation of the Serbian Banat 1941-1944 with special consideration of the German ethnic group in Yugoslavia. Regensburg writings from philosophy, politics, society and history. Volume 5. LIT, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-5975-4 , p. 67 and 195.
  39. ↑ Јабука е синоним за Македонците во Војводина . utrinski.com.mk. October 17, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 19, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.utrinski.com.mk
  40. ↑ Македонска куќа за македонците во Јабука - Панчево . mn.mk. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  41. ↑ President Ivanov pays visit to the Macedonian community in Jabuka ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.president.gov.mk

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