Reichenbach district (Owl Mountains)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Reichenbach District (1905)

The district of Reichenbach (Eulengebirge) was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district seat was the city of Reichenbach , today's Dzierżoniów. The former district area is now in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the principality of Schweidnitz , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the four Prussian districts Bolkenhain-Landeshut, Reichenbach, Schweidnitz and Striegau were formed from old Silesian soft images . Conrad von der Heyde was appointed as the first district administrator in the Reichenbach district. The Reichenbach district was under the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber until it was assigned to the Reichenbach administrative district of the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 . After the dissolution of the Reichenbach administrative district, the Reichenbach district was assigned to the Breslau administrative district on May 1, 1820 .

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 15, 1928, the district was renamed Reichenbach ( Owl Mountains ) according to the name change of the district town . On September 30, 1929, all manor districts were dissolved in the district in accordance with the development in the rest of the Free State of Prussia and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On October 1, 1932, a large part of the dissolved Nimptsch district, including the city of Nimptsch, was incorporated into the district.

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Reichenbach district (Eulengebirge) was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now uniform rule . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year Residents source
1795 32,961
1819 38,441
1846 59.199
1871 66.004
1885 68,826
1900 70,979
1910 69,779
1925 66,230
1939 84,988

District administrators

1742–1747 00Conrad von der Heyde
1747–1759 00George Friedrich von Gellhorn
1765–1768 00George Rudolph von Schindel
1768–1796 00Hanns George von Dresky
1805–1824 00Christian von Prittwitz – Gaffron
1831–1832 00Ferdinand zu Stolberg-Wernigerode
1832–1834 00by Peistel (interim)
1834–1848 00Julius von Prittwitz-Gaffron called von Kreckwitz
1848–1855 Caesar Olearius (1821–1901)00
1855–1856 Bruno von Schrötter (1816–1888) (interim)00
1856-1897 00Caesar Olearius
1897–1901 00Hermann von Richthofen (1860–1915)
1901–1912 Adolf von Seidlitz (1865–1943)00
1912–1932 Friedrich von Degenfeld-Schonburg (1878–1969) ( DNVP )00
1932–1933 00Günther von Schroeter
1933–1945 Walter Huebner00

Local constitution

The Reichenbach district has been divided into cities, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural communities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The Reichenbach district last comprised three cities and 57 rural communities:

The following incorporations took place in the district until 1938:

  • Dorotheenthal, on September 30, 1928 in Peiskersdorf
  • Friedrichsgrund, on September 30, 1928 in Steinseifersdorf
  • Friedrichshain, in Steinseifersdorf on September 30, 1928
  • Gaumitz, on April 1, 1938 at Nimptsch
  • Girlachsdorf, Guhlauer part, on September 30, 1928 in Girlachsdorf
  • Girlachsdorf, Nitschke's share, on September 30, 1928 in Girlachsdorf
  • Kaschbach, on September 30, 1928 in Steinseifersdorf
  • Kuchendorf, on April 1, 1938 in Langenseifersdorf
  • Mittel Faulbrück, on April 1, 1938 at Faulbrück
  • Mittel Peilau , on April 1, 1938 in Peilau
  • Nieder Faulbrück, on April 1, 1938 in Faulbrück
  • Nieder Langseifersdorf, on September 30, 1928 in Langseifersdorf
  • Nieder Mittel Peilau , on April 1, 1938 in Peilau
  • Lower Panthenau, to Panthenau on January 1, 1934
  • Nieder Peilau Schlössel , on April 1, 1938 in Peilau
  • Ober Faulbrück, on April 1, 1938 in Faulbrück
  • Ober Langseifersdorf, on September 30, 1928 in Langseifersdorf
  • Ober Mittel Peilau , on September 30, 1928 at no mercy
  • Ober Panthenau, on January 1, 1934 in Panthenau
  • Ober Peilau I , on September 30, 1928 at no mercy
  • Ober Peilau II , on September 30, 1928 at no grace
  • Schmiedegrund, on September 30, 1928 in Steinseifersdorf
  • Schobergrund, on April 1, 1938 to Gnadenfrei
  • Seherrswaldau, on September 30, 1928 in Olbersdorf
  • Stoschendorf, on April 1, 1938 in Langseifersdorf

Place names

In the 1920s and 1930s, the following place names were changed:

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Reichenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
  2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Rolf Straubel : Biographical handbook of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
  6. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 256 ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
  8. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 88 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  12. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  13. ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  14. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990.reichenbach.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  15. ↑ Landkreis Reichenbach administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.

Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 39 ′ 0 ″  E