District of Oels

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District of Oels
coat of arms
Coat of arms of the district of Oels.png
province Silesia (1816–1919, 1938–1941)
Lower Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district Wroclaw
County seat Oils
Last district administrator Johannes Deloch (1937–1945)
Residents 70,626 (1939)
Cities 2
Communities 105
Silesia Kr Oels.png
The Oels district within the boundaries of 1905

The district of Oels was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district seat was the city of Oels , today Oleśnica . The former district area is in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After conquering most of Silesia, King Frederick II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia by cabinet order on November 25, 1741 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the principality of Oels , one of the Silesian partial principalities, the Prussian districts of Oels-Bernstadt and Trebnitz were formed from the old Silesian soft images of Oels, Bernstadt and Trebnitz . Conrad Adolph von Dyhrn-Schönau was appointed as the first district administrator in the Oels-Bernstadt district.

The Oels-Bernstadt district was initially subordinate to the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber . At the end of the 18th century, the name part "Bernstadt" was dispensed with. In the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815, the district of Oels was assigned to the administrative district of Breslau in the province of Silesia .

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the administrative district of Breslau, the city of Medzibor and the villages of Benjaminsthal, Charlottenfeld, Conradau, Erdmannsberg, Friedrikenau, Glashütte, Glashütte bei Tscheschen, Hammer, Honig, Johannisdörfel, Joschune, Kalkowsky, Kenschen, Kenschenhammer, Klenowe, Kottowsky, Kotzine, Mariendorf, Neurode, Ossen, Pawlau, Riefken, Silonke, Suschen, Tscheschen and Wielky reclassified from the Oels district to the Wartenberg district .

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . Since the spelling fluctuated between Oels and Öls, on April 4, 1913, the name of the district and town was officially set to “Oels”.

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On April 1, 1928, the city of Hundsfeld was incorporated with parts of the Hundsfeld manor from the Oels district into the Breslau district. On September 30, 1929, all manor districts in the Oels district were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the district of Oels was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the Red Army conquered the district. According to the Potsdam Agreement, it was placed under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . This drove out the residents of the district in the following years and settled it with Poles .

Today the former Oels district together with the former Groß Wartenberg district form the Powiat Oleśnicki .

Population development

year Residents source
1795 47,305
1819 43,340
1846 59,302
1871 64,559
1885 67,443
1900 64,390
1910 65,408
1925 67,695
1939 70,626

District administrators

Wildschütz manor around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

Local constitution

Since the 19th century, the district of Oels was divided into the towns of Bernstadt, Hundsfeld (until 1928) and Oels, in rural communities and in manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Randowhof Castle in the 19th century, Bogschütz, Öls, Silesia. (Noble family von Randow )

Communities

The district of Oels last comprised two cities and 105 rural communities:

  • All Saints Day
  • Alt Ellguth
  • Baruthe
  • Bernstadt in Silesia, city
  • Bogschütz
  • Bohrau
  • Breeze
  • Beech forest
  • Buchenwerder
  • Buchwald
  • Buselwitz
  • Dammer
  • Dörndorf
  • Eichgrund
  • Prince Ellguth
  • Galbitz
  • Gimmel
  • Goerlitz
  • Gross Ellguth
  • Big ditch
  • Gross Weigelsdorf
  • Large inch
  • Grüttenberg
  • Good living
  • Honey
  • Jackschönau
  • Jäntschdorf
  • Jenkwitz
  • Juliusburg
  • Kaltvorwerk
  • Karlsburg
  • Klein Ellguth
  • Small oils
  • Klein Peterwitz
  • Klein Weigelsdorf
  • Small inch
  • Kleinwaltersdorf
  • Korschlitz
  • Kraschen
  • Criticism
  • Krompusch
  • Kunersdorf
  • Kunzendorf
  • Lampersdorf
  • Langenhof
  • Boredom
  • Arbors
  • to shine
  • Ludwigsdorf
  • To paint
  • Mirkau
  • Mühlatschütz
  • Mühlwitz
  • Nauke
  • Netsche
  • New Ellguth
  • Neudorf b. Bernstadt
  • Neudorf b. Juliusburg
  • Neuhaus
  • Neuhof b. Degree of meadow
  • Neuscholle
  • Oels, city
  • Pangau
  • Peuke
  • Pontwitz
  • Postelwitz
  • Prietzen
  • Pühlau
  • Raake
  • Advice
  • Reesewitz
  • Rehwinkel
  • Reichenfeld
  • Sachsenau
  • Sadewitz
  • Sakrau
  • Schickerwitz
  • Schleibitz
  • Schmarse
  • Pout
  • Schönau
  • Schützendorf
  • Difficulty
  • Hexapines
  • Sibyllenort
  • Spahlitz
  • Stamping
  • stone
  • Strehlitz
  • Stronn
  • Sweet corner
  • Ulbersdorf
  • Good luck
  • Birdsong
  • Wabnitz
  • Weidenbach
  • Willow Flow
  • Weissensee
  • Become
  • Degree of meadow
  • Wildschütz
  • Wilhelminenort
  • Woitsdorf
  • Würtemberg
  • Cauldron
  • Brick yard
  • Zucklau

Incorporation until 1928

  • Bernstadt, rural community, 1907 to the city of Bernstadt
  • Grüneiche, on November 1st, 1928 at Groß Graben
  • Hundsfeld , Stadt, in Breslau on April 1, 1928
  • Juliusburg, Dorf, on November 1, 1928 in Juliusburg
  • Juliusburg, City, on November 1, 1928 to Juliusburg
  • Klein Mühlatschütz, on September 30, 1928 in Mühlatschütz
  • Kronendorf, pouting on September 30, 1928
  • Kurzwitz, on November 1, 1928 at Schickerwitz
  • Medlitz, to Raake on November 1, 1928
  • Mittel Mühlatschütz, on September 30, 1928 at Mühlatschütz
  • New pout, on September 30, 1928 to Vielguth
  • Neuhof bei Raake, to Raake on November 1, 1928
  • Nieder Mühlwitz, on September 30, 1928 in Mühlwitz
  • Nieder Prietzen, on June 1, 1904 at Prietzen
  • Low pout, to pout on September 30, 1928
  • Nieder and Ober Mühlatschütz, on September 30, 1928 to Mühlatschütz
  • Ober Mühlwitz, on September 30, 1928 in Mühlwitz
  • Ober Prietzen, on June 1, 1904 at Prietzen
  • Ober pout, to pout on September 30, 1928
  • Pischkawe, to Raake on November 1, 1928
  • Rotherinne, on November 1, 1928 in Schickerwitz
  • Schwundnig, on November 1, 1928 at Schickerwitz
  • Tschertwitz, on November 1, 1928 at Schickerwitz

Place names

Between 1935 and 1937, several municipalities in the Oels district were renamed:

  • Bartkerey → Buchenwalde
  • Buckowintke → Buchenwerder
  • Döberle → Karlsburg
  • Dobrischau → Reichenfeld
  • Domatschine → Sachsenau
  • Laubsky → Lauben
  • Loischwitz → Rehwinkel
  • Maliers → painting
  • Ostrowine → Becoming
  • Patschkey → Weidenfließ
  • Zantoch → Neuscholle

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Oels  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b territorial.de: Oels district
  2. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
  3. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  6. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
  7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 37 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 86 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  12. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  13. ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  14. ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. oels.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).