List of Renaissance organs

The list of Renaissance organs includes preserved organs from the Renaissance period . Most of the instruments have been rebuilt over the centuries and are only partially preserved.

Construction

In contrast to Gothic organs, the Renaissance instruments were consistently based on mechanical slide chests . Italy and Spain stuck to the row style and divided the principal choir into individual rows of pipes. On the other hand, Dutch organ building developed the Mixturstil with multi-choir mixed voices . France, under Dutch influence, switched from the series style to the mixture style, while in Germany a synthesis succeeded and the pedal was completely expanded. Developments in English organ building were set back by Puritanism at the end of the 16th century and only came to fruition in the 17th century. In Northern Europe, under the influence of Brabant organ building , the prospectuses no longer had flat pipe fields, but were loosened up by round and pointed towers. The crowning structures on the towers were often designed as hexagonal, staggered, open lanterns . The side wing doors were therefore not flat, but adapted to the shape of the prospectus. When building the pedal towers that flank the main housing, the double doors were omitted. For medium-sized Dutch-North German organs, a Rückpositiv was added as a further work . In southern Europe, the prospectuses were preferably flat and could be characterized by architectural elements such as triangular gables. Some horizontal trumpets were built.

The keyboards were larger in the Renaissance (FGA – g ² a ² or already CDEFGA – a ² ). Occasionally organs with up to three manuals were built, but also small positives and shelves . New registers found their way into organ building, which was influenced by the Netherlands and imitated the instruments of the ensemble music of the time. In addition to the group of principals that the basic sound of the organ and along with the mixed votes , the plenary were, occurred in the manual works various flute and kurzbechrige reed langbechrige tongues, isolated in the pedal. In Italy and Spain the registers essentially consisted of the principal choir in series, the "Repieno", while a few other registers such as flutes, a floating principal and individual tongue registers formed the "Registri da concerti" and remained in the minority. The Italian and South German pedal had a small circumference and was either attached or had only a few 16 'or 8' registers for the bass. The organs in Italy and Spain were mostly single-manual and preferred split registers .

Organ list (selection)

The list includes instruments from the 1530s to around 1625, and occasionally until the middle of the 17th century. Organs that are predominantly baroque in their original state are not listed.

The table is sortable. In the sixth column, the Roman number indicates the number of manuals , a capital "P" indicates an independent pedal , a lower-case "p" indicates an attached pedal and the Arabic number in the penultimate column indicates the number of sounding registers . The figures are based on the original disposition, if known. The last line provides information on the state of preservation and further information. Photos will only be included if the brochure has not been replaced later.

place	building	image	Organ builder	year	Manuals	register	Remarks
Almenno San Salvatore	San Nicola		Costanzo Antegnati	1588	I.	10	Housing and part of the register preserved
Arezzo	Arezzo Cathedral		Luca di Bernardino da Cortona	1534-1536	I.	8th	Housing and part of the register preserved
Basel	historical Museum		unknown	16th Century	I.	4th	Table positive
Beek	Martinuskerk		Nicolaas Niehoff	1593			Attribution, originally built for Sint Michielskerk in Bree, implemented in 1780; Housing and register received
Bologna	San Martino		Giovanni Cipri	1556	I.
Bregenz	vorarlberg museum		unknown	16th century	I.	4th	portable "Hohenems positive"; largely preserved
Bremen	St. Ansgarii		Marten de Mare	1611	II		New organ with Rückpositiv , which was later expanded to include pedal towers. Most of the splendid prospectus has been preserved as it was relocated during the Second World War. → organ
Bremen	St. Martini		Marten de Mare	1603 or 1616-1619	I.		New construction or enlargement conversion by de Mare. It is not clear whether Christian Bockelmann replaced the organ with a new one in 1616–1619 or only remodeled it. The valuable prospectus was preserved through outsourcing during the Second World War . → organ
Brouwershaven	St. Nicolaas		Hendrik Niehoff	1557			Attribution; Case and some prospect pipes preserved
Cambridge	King's College Chapel		Thomas Dallam	1605-1606			Erected in 1617 by Robert Dallam
Caudebec-en-Caux	Église Notre-Dame		Antoine Josseline	1542-1543			Main housing partially preserved
Chur	Rhaetian Museum		unknown	16th century	I.	4th	Canopy organ; largely preserved
Cortona	San Domenico		Luca di Bernardino da Cortona	1547	I.
Cortona	Santa Maria Nuova		Cesare Romani da Cortona	1613	I.
Coswig	Old church		unknown	1620s	I.	9	possibly Gottfried Fritzsche or Tobias Weller ; Relocated to Coswig around 1735, repainted in 1760 → organ
Dinkelsbühl	St. George's Church		Stephan Cuntz	early 17th century	I.	6th	Attribution, portable positive (probably “Schwedenorgel”); Housing and 3 registers preserved
El Escorial	San Lorenzo Monastery		Gillis Brebos	1580			four housings received
Ellös	Morlanda Church		Hans Brebos	1603-1604	I.	9	or mid-16th century?, originally built for Marstrand and implemented in 1804; Housing and some pipes preserved
Enkhuizen	Westerkerk		Hendrik Niehoff	1547	II		Attribution; Housing preserved, some pipes in the organ of the Zuiderkerk
Erfurt	Preacher Church		Heinrich Compenius the Elder	1579			1647–1649 pedal towers and Rückpositiv supplemented by Ludwig Compenius ; Housing received
Évora	Évora Cathedral		unknown	1562
Flensburg	Nikolaikirche		Nikolaus Maass	1604-1609	III / P	38	Prospectus of Heinrich Ringerink get
Florence	Badia Fiorentina		Onofrio Zeffirini	1558			Housing received
Groningen	The aa-kerk		Hermann Raphael Rodensteen	1539	II		originally built for the Martinikerk in Bolsward, implemented in 1991; Housing preserved → Organs of Der Aa-kerk (Groningen)
Halberstadt	St. Martini		David Beck	1592-1596	II / P	59	originally built for Gröninger Castle; Housing with prospect pipes preserved → Gröninger organ
Hamburg	St. Catherine's		Hans Scherer the Elder	1587/1604	III / P		Extension conversion; later rebuilt several times, some registers preserved
Hasselt (Belgium)	St. Quintinus Cathedral		Nicolaas Niehoff	1593-1594			The case and 8–9 registers have been preserved, which are among the oldest pipework in Belgium
Helmstedt	St. Stephani		David Beck	1583-1584		36	with Rückpositiv ; Prospectus received
Hillerød	Frederiksborg Castle		Esaias Compenius the Elder	1605-1610	II / P	27	completely preserved → organ from Frederiksborg Castle
Himmelpforten	St. Mary		Hans Scherer the Elder	1587-1590	II		Originally built for Stade, St. Nicolai; rebuilt several times; some received from Scherer, others in Kirchlinteln
Holzen (Arnsberg)	Oelinghausen Monastery		unknown, Marten de Mare	before 1586, 1599	II / P	19th	1714–1717 extension and new prospectus by Johann Berenhard Klausing ; 2 full stops and 2 partial stops from 1586, 4–5 from de Mare preserved → organ
innsbruck	Court Church , Silver Chapel		unknown	1614	I.	7th	Italian design, most of the stops made of wood, pedal added later → Organ of the Innsbruck Court Church
innsbruck	Court Church		Jörg Ebert	1561	II / p	15th	largely preserved
Isle of Wight	Carisbrooke Castle		unknown	1602	I.	3	Flemish chamber organ with wooden pipes, a shelf (treble, with tremulant) and rich carvings; completely preserved
Kazimierz Dolny	Parish church		Johannes Helman	1620	II / P	36	rescheduled in the 18th and 19th; Housing and parts of the register preserved
Kempen	St. Mary's Birth		Veit ten Bendt	1541/1553	II		1553 extension by a Rückpositiv ; Housing received
Kremsmünster	Collegiate Church		Georg Hacker	1587	II	5
Landsbro	Lannaskede old church		unknown	around 1550	I.
Larrelt	Larrelter Church		Johannes Millensis	1618-1619	I / p	11	1848–1855 rebuilt by Gerd Sieben Janssen and provided with a new brochure; Half of the late Renaissance registers preserved → Organ of Larrelter Church
Suffer	Hooglandse Kerk		Peter de Swart	around 1565			expanded several times; Housing and parts of the pipework preserved
Lemgo	St. Mary		Slegel , Fritz Scherer ?	1587-1595, 1612-1613	II / P	20th	Swallow's Nest Organ, 1612/1613 extension, 2010 reconstruction by Rowan West ; Housing and some stops preserved → organ
Les Andelys	Notre Dame		Nicholas Dabenest	1573			Housing received
Lübeck	Aegidienkirche		Hans Scherer the Younger	1624-1625	III / P	36	Housing preserved → organ
Ludingworth	St. Jacobi Church		Antonius Wilde	1597-1598	II / P	20th	1682–1683 Extension conversion by Arp Schnitger (III / P / 35), who took over 19 Wildes registers in whole or in part → organ
Luneburg	St. Johannis		Hendrik Niehoff	1551-1553	III / P	26th	together with Jasper Johansen; Manual case and 11 registers completely or partially preserved → Organs from St. Johannis (Lüneburg)
Liege	St. Denis		Nicolaas Niehoff	1589			modified housing received
Liege	Saint-Jacques		Nicolaas Niehoff or Floris Hocque the Elder	1600			Attribution; Housing received
Milan	Cathedral , gospel organ		Gian Giacomo Antegnati	1552-1559			Housing received
Milan	Cathedral , epistle organ		Cristofori Valvassori	1583-1610			symmetrical to the gospel organ; Housing received
Mantua	Palatine Basilica of Santa Barbara		Graziadio Antegnati	1565	I.		expanded several times; Case and 312 pipes from Antegnati school preserved
Marburg	lock		Georg Wagner	1590-1600	I.	6th	"Old yeast positive"; largely preserved (not playable)
Metz	cathedral		Jean de Trèves (Johann von Promsfeldt)	1538	I.	8th	Swallow's nest organ , rebuilt several times; Housing parts received
Minden	St. Martini		unknown	1591			1747 major Baroque work added
Neustadt in Holstein	City Church		unknown	before 1615	III / P	30th	Renaissance organ reconstructed in 2009 by Rowan West behind the old prospectus
Olkusz	St. Andrew		Hans Hummel / Jerzy Nitrowski	1611-1633	II / P	31	largely preserved
Osteel	Warnfried Church		Edo Evers	1619	II / p	13	The only almost completely preserved organ from Evers → Organ of the Warnfried Church (Osteel)
Pischelsdorf	Pilgrimage Church Hart		Konrad Zerndl	1628	I.	6th	The case (without wing doors), wind chests, parts of the action and 81 of 302 pipes have survived
regensburg	Minorite Church		Stephan Cuntz	1627	I.	6th	pedalless positive , oldest organ in the Upper Palatinate
Riga	Dom		Julius Raab	1601			Housing received
Rome	S. Giovanni in Laterano		Giovan Battista Montano	1597-1599	I / p	15th
Roskilde	Dom		Hermann Raphael Rodensteen	1550-1555	II	24	New building including the lower housing from the 15th century; Housing and three to four registers preserved
Rotterdam	Laurenskerk		Hendrik Niehoff	1539-1540	II / P	13	originally built for the Bartholomäuskirche in Schoonhoven ; Main work case of the carpenter Adriaan Schalke preserved (photo)
Saint-Julien-du-Sault	Saint-Pierre		unknown	1568	I.	11	Housing with prospect pipes preserved
Saint Savin	Abbey church		unknown	1557	I.	8th	Housing received
Salzburg - Nonnberg	Benedictine Abbey Nonnberg		unknown	1590	I.	4th
Schiedam	Janskerk		Hendrik Niehoff	before 1553	II		Manual housing and register received
Salamanca	New cathedral		unknown	1558
Zaragoza	Basílica del Pilar		unknown	1590			Housing received
Schluderns	Churburg		Michael Strobl	1559	I.	6th	Canopy organ; almost completely preserved
Schmalkalden	Wilhelmsburg Castle		Daniel Meyer	1590	I.	6th	only wooden register; most important renaissance organ in Thuringia
Smečno	Trinity Church		unknown	1587	I / P	13
Stellicht	St. Georg Christophorus Jodokus Church		Marten de Mare	1610	II / P	12	It is possible that de Mare brought the case of the Thedinga monastery organ with the richly decorated prospectus to Stellichte and recreated the inner pipework. The splendid prospectus has been preserved and blends in with the renaissance interior of the manor chapel.
Stendal	St. Mary		Hans Scherer the Elder	1580	II / P	29	new Rückpositiv; Case and 270 pipes from eleven registers received from Scherer
Tangermünde	St. Stephen's Church		Hans Scherer the Younger / Fritz Scherer	1623-1624	III / P	32	New building together with Fritz Scherer; about half preserved → organ from St. Stephan (Tangermünde)
Tirano	Basilica Madonna di Tirano		Domenico / Tomaso Mearini	1607-1617			Housing received
Toruń	Marienkirche		Laurentius Weistock / Johann Hellwig	1601-1609	II / P	30th	Prospectus received
Trofaiach	Trinity Church		Hanns Kahnchuber	1595
Udine	Udine Cathedral		Vincenzo Colombo / Francesco Daci	1550/1558
Uttum	Uttum Church		unknown	around 1660	I.	9	using older pipe material from the 16th or beginning of the 17th century, one of the most important Renaissance organs , which is still almost completely original → Organ of the Uttum church
Valvasone	Chiesa del Santissimo Corpo di Cristo		Vincenzo Colombo	1532	I.	7th	Housing and register partially preserved
Woehrden	St. Nicolai		Antonius Wilde	1593-1595	III / P	32	later remodeled; 13 registers preserved
Zbraslav	Jan Hus Church		unknown	1620s	I.		originally in Skytal

literature

• Hermann Fischer , Theodor Wohnhaas : Upper Palatinate organ builder of the Renaissance period . In: Negotiations of the historical association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg . tape 124 , 1984, pp. 349–364 ( heimatforschung-regensburg.de [PDF]).
• Walter Julius Haacke : Organs all over the world . Langewiesche, Königstein im Taunus 1980, ISBN 3-7845-3052-4 .
• Arthur George Hill: The Organ-Cases and Organs of the Middle Ages and Renaissance . C. Whittingham & Co., London 1891.
• Hans Klotz : About the organ art of the Gothic, the Renaissance and the Baroque. Music, disposition, mixtures, lengths, registration, use of the pianos . 3. Edition. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1986, ISBN 3-7618-0775-9 .
• Rudolf Quoika : The old Austrian organ of the late Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1953.
• Maarten Albert Vente : The Brabant Organ. On the history of organ art in Belgium and Holland in the Gothic and Renaissance ages . HJ Paris, Amsterdam 1963.

Web links

Commons : Renaissance Organs  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Klotz: About the organ art of the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. 1986, p. 129.
2. ↑ Klotz: About the organ art of the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. 1986, p. 132.
3. ^ Organ in Beek (Dutch), accessed on August 19, 2020.
4. ^ Organ in the vorarlberg museum , accessed on August 24, 2020.
5. ^ Fritz Piersig: The organs of the Bremen city churches in the 17th and 18th centuries. In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . No. 35, 1935, pp. 389–391 ( brema.suub.uni-bremen.de ), accessed on August 19, 2020.
6. ^ Website of the Old Church Coswig , accessed on August 19, 2020.
7. ^ Hermann Fischer , Hans-Wolfgang Theobald , Theodor Wohnhaas : The positive of St. Georg in Dinkelsbühl. In: Music in Bavaria. No. 38, 1989. pp. 33-73.
8. ^ Organ in Badia Fiorentina, Florence , accessed on August 19, 2020.
9. ^ Organ in Himmelpforten , accessed on August 25, 2020.
10. ^ Organ in Kempen , accessed on August 19, 2020.
11. ↑ NOMINE e. V .: Organ in Lüneburg , accessed on August 19, 2020.
12. ↑ The historic Marburg Castle Organ (PDF file; 104 kB), accessed on August 19, 2020.
13. ^ Organ in Metz (French), accessed on August 19, 2020.
14. ^ Organ in Olkusz (English), accessed on August 27, 2020.
15. ^ Organ in Pischelsdorf , accessed on August 27, 2020.
16. ↑ Anneliese Hilz: “A completely new organ in the Closter Kürchen”, accessed on August 19, 2020.
17. ^ Transept organ of the Laurenskerk in Rotterdam (Dutch), accessed on August 19, 2020.
18. ^ Organ in Zaragoza , accessed on August 19, 2020.
19. ↑ Hartmut Haupt: Organs in the Suhl district. Council d. Bez.Suhl, Culture Department, Suhl 1985, p. 15.
20. ^ Organ in Smečno (English), accessed on August 26, 2020.
21. ^ Organ in Stellichte , accessed on August 19, 2020.
22. ^ Organ in Tirano , accessed on August 19, 2020.