Murr (river)

	Murr
	Course of the Murr ( interactive map )
	Data
Water code	DE : 23838
location	Swabian-Franconian forest mountains Murrhardt Forest; Murrtal; Neckar basin Outer Backnang Bay ; Inner Backnanger Bay; Pleidelsheimer Mulde; Baden-Württemberg Rems-Murr district; Ludwigsburg district ;
River system	Rhine
Drain over	Neckar → Rhine → North Sea
source	About 200 m southeast of the center of the district of Vorderwestermurr von Murrhardt on a small southern slope. ; 48 ° 57 ′ 12 " N , 9 ° 35 ′ 6" E
Source height	455.5 m above sea level NHN (Murr origin)
muzzle	About 800 m north-north-west of the center of Marbach from the right in the Neckar Coordinates: 48 ° 56 '48 " N , 9 ° 15' 4" E 48 ° 56 '48 " N , 9 ° 15' 4" E;
Mouth height	190.2 m above sea level NHN
Height difference	265.3 m
Bottom slope	5.1 ‰
length	51.8 km
Catchment area	506.758 km²
Medium-sized cities	Backnang
Small towns	Murrhardt , Steinheim an der Murr , Marbach am Neckar
Communities	Sulzbach an der Murr , Oppenweiler , Burgstetten , Affalterbach , Kirchberg an der Murr , Murr
	The Murr near Steinheim

The Murr is a more than 51 km long, right and eastern tributary of the Neckar in Baden-Württemberg . It flows mainly in a westerly direction through the Rems-Murr-Kreis , which it drains and for the northern half of which its valley is the most important traffic axis, and the Ludwigsburg district , it runs through the landscapes of the Murrhardt Forest and the Backnanger Bay as well as through one another part of the Neckar basin to the west of it .

Surname

The name Murr is of Celtic origin, means something like "musty river" and is therefore motivated by the murky water of the river. It is already documented in the name of the Roman settlement vicus murrensis , which was a camp village near Benningen or Murrhardt .

The medieval Franconian Murrgau and today's Rems-Murr district are named after the river. In addition, Murr appears in the names of some places on the river, for example in the form of the suffix "an der Murr".

geography

Murr origin at Vorderwestermurr

source

The headwaters of the Murr are 3 km south of the town of Murrhardt on the heights of the Murrhardt Forest . On the southern outskirts of the hamlet of Vorderwestermurr, a sign shows a contained spring pot as "Murrursprung". Because of its strong and reliable discharge of two liters per second, even in dry conditions, it is regarded as the main source of the Murr, even if several small streams are higher up and further away from the mouth of the Vorderwestermurr and Fautspach. Because of its abundance of water and its persistence, people camped at resting places and campfire sites in the vicinity of the spring as early as the Stone Age .

course

From the source to the west bend at the Fornsbach tributary

In the uppermost course, the Murr moves northeast. From its source, which still Stubensandstein is, burrows through the underlying layers of the Keupers a deep forest blade , in which the front Wester Murrer mill is the only settlement at which it after several small waterfalls in rapid succession the geological layers to has passed through the lower variegated marls . Further down in its steep valley, it enters the corridor in a valley spider at Klettenhöfle. It passes the almost equally small settlements of Klingen and Hammerschmiede, where it reaches the Gipskeuper and shortly afterwards the Lettenkeuper .

Here her valley widens sharply, and she goes into the broad valley of the "Fornsbacher Talspinne" into a tight turn of almost 150 degrees to the left, during which they - the Wester Murr , so Western Murr - one after another until the right Otterbach - even Mettelbach called, so the middle brook - from the south, then at the Eisenschmiedmühle the right Fornsbach - front brook - takes up from the east, both of which had larger brooks from other directions shortly before.

From Fornsbach to the “Spiegelberger” Lauter

Then she is on a west course, the direction of the incoming Fornsbach , the length of which here exceeds her. Its broad valley floor below the slopes, which are still wooded at medium altitude, now offers space for more important traffic routes. Accompanied by the L 1066 and the Waiblingen – Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental railway line , it moves past the Wahlenmühle, Hausen and the Lutzensägmühle, and after passing the Alm settlement on its right, where the Limes previously crossed its valley, finally into the city center Murrhardts flow into; the city is the largest settlement on its upper reaches. At the western edge of the old town, the Dentelbach flows from the north, further down the valley the Hörschbach from the south, at the edge of the settlement and shortly before the western city limits the Harbach through the hamlet of Harbach again from the north.

In the area of the neighboring municipality of Sulzbach , its course bends slightly to the north-northwest, it flows past Schleißweiler to the right, where the Eschelbach flows from the left , and to the left at Bartenbach, through which the Haselbach reaches it from the north. Then the valley curves slowly to the south again, the Murr reaches its northernmost point in Sulzbach itself, near which the Fischbach flows, also a tributary running south. The B 14 climbs into the valley from the Mainhardt direction and continues the L 1066 as a large valley road. Just outside the village flows from the north-northwest to 260.5 m above sea level. NHN the ("Spiegelberger") Lauter , in whose valley the L 1066 turns off the B 14, after which the Murr crosses into the Oppenweiler area .

From the Lauter to the entrance to the Backnang Bay

Reichenberg Castle on the right above the Murrtal

On the left side of Oppenweiler Flur, the Murr passes the hamlet of Ellenweiler and, now roughly on a south-west course, at the Reichenberg district, above which Reichenberg Castle stands. Across the river is the hamlet of Reichenbach an der Murr at the left foot of the slope. After the village, the Tierbach flows from the right . An industrial area stretches along the right bank of the river between Reichenberg and the main town of Oppenweiler, until the Rohrbach also strives to the Murr from the right on the edge of the residential buildings . a short right branch from him feeds the castle pond around the moated castle Oppenweiler close to the right bank of the river; The hamlet of Aichelbach is located slightly downhill across the street . In Oppenweiler, the B 14 now climbs out of the Murrtal and turns away from it; The district road K 1897 and the Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental-Waiblingen railway continue in it. The following hamlet of Zell lies on both banks, after which the Murr crosses into the Backnang urban area.

Here the valley narrows again, with heavily meandering floodplain meanders, it ends its south course between forest tongues that briefly come back close to the shore and turns to the west-south-west, from the mountainous region of the Swabian-Franconian forest that was previously divided by it into the Backnang bay of the Neckar basin. Your bed is now in the harder rock of the shell limestone .

In the Backnang Bay to the Buchenbach tributary

Even before it enters the settlement area of Backnang , the Weißach flows into it from the left , which with its tributaries from the Murrhardt Forest in the east and from the mountains in the south has cleared the Keuperberge. In the area of the city, the river, which when leaving it will have deepened about 70 m compared to the lateral heights, makes three violent loops; In the first, to the north, the old town of Backnang is located on the mountain spur that is surrounded by water. While the Backnang – Ludwigsburg ("Kleine Murrbahn") railway follows it on the left slope to Erdmannhausen, the line to Waiblingen leaves the valley to the south on the western edge of the town. The B 14 crosses it here on the Murrtal Viaduct , then moves away in the same direction, next to its route flows from the right below the bridge of the Krähenbach , one and a half kilometers further down the valley on the border to the municipality of Burgstetten der Maubach at 229.3 m above sea level. NHN from the right, from here the Murr flows in a still winding valley to the west. Coming from the north, the Klöpferbach reaches 226.1 m above sea level below the immediately adjoining Backnangs sewage treatment plant . NHN the Murr, then it flows into the Burgstetten area. Here the desert stream , which is 220.9 m above sea level, soon approaches in parallel with the previous one . NHN empties, and in the deep valley the first floodplain meanders appear again , in which the river lays itself again and again up to the mouth. Once again into the valley, uninhabited since Backnang, the district of Burgstall extends after the small southern side valley cut of the Söllbach . Immediately afterwards, the Buchenbach (mouth at 212.2 m above sea level ), which rises far to the southeast in the mountains , approaches the municipality border with Affalterbach .

From the Buchenbach to the mouth

Confluence of the Murr (from behind) into the Neckar (from right to left).

After a short stretch, where Affalterbach is the neighbor on the left, the river turns northwest to the Kirchberg an der Murr area , which is on the right slope with the exception of a mill property and a few newer commercial buildings in the valley. After this, the Eichbach, which is unstable in the lower reaches, flows through a long blade and the short Weidenbach . At the Kirchberg hamlet Rundsmühlhof on the valley floor, the river leaves the Rems-Murr district, and for a short time the area of Rielingshausen (district and exclave of Marbach) on the right and Erdmannhausen on the left, across the so-called welding bridge, the L 1124 crosses Großaspach-Marbach the first of two state roads on the deeply cut lower reaches the river, the valley of which then enters a wide northern loop and the area of Steinheim an der Murr . Here the Sulzbach reaches it immediately from the right and the Otterbach again through a longer blade , whereupon Steinheim reaches down from the slope to the right bank. This small town flows through the northernmost point of the lower reaches to just under 195.1 m above sea level. NHN from the right to the Bottwar , which rises far to the north in the Löwenstein mountains . In the part of the loop running back south, the Murr crosses the district of Murr . The village is located on the right slope and is surrounded by the L 1100 running south, which crosses the river on the eastern and southern edge of the municipality over bridges and then follows it a short distance to the left. The last kilometer of the Murr runs south on the bottom of the town of Marbach am Neckar and flows there, after a final crossing through the L 1011, at 190.2 m above sea level. NHN and after a run of over 51 km from the right into the Neckar .

Catchment area

The catchment area of the Murr covers just over 500 square kilometers, which puts the Murr in 7th place among the tributaries of the Neckar. The catchment area essentially consists of four parts of the landscape: the Murrhardt Forest north and south of Murrhardt, the Backnanger Bay , the Berglen and the southern half of the Löwensteiner Berge up to a line roughly defined by the towns of Großerlach , Löwenstein - Hirrweiler and Beilstein .

At the "Gauge Oppenweiler / Murr" behind the Rüflensmühle in Oppenweiler, an average of 2.5 m³ / s flow from a catchment area of up to then 180 km², at the "Gauge Murr / Murr" near the Zinsser industrial area of the municipality of Murr there are 6 m³ / s from now 505 km².

Around the Murr catchment area, all neighboring rivers also drain to the Neckar, including the Schozach and Sulm in the northwest, the Kocher in the east and the Rems and Zipfelbach in the south.

Tributaries

The longest tributary of the Murr is the Buchenbach ( 25 km) , which flows between Burgstetten and Kirchberg and the Murr feeds the outflow of the Berglen. Measured against the catchment area, the Bottwar near Steinheim is the largest with 76 km² and the second longest with a length of 18 km. Other tributaries with a length of ten or more kilometers are the "Spiegelberger" Lauter (15.2 km), the Wüstenbach (12.9 km) and the Klöpferbach (10.2 km), all of which come from the Löwenstein mountains to the Murr , as well as the Weißach (12 km), which is fed by numerous watercourses in the east of the Backnang Bay. Numerous smaller streams flow into the Murr from the strongly fragmented Murrhardt Forest, of which the Hörschbach is probably the best known because of its natural beauty.

Partly hierarchical list of the tributaries and lakes from the source to the mouth. Water lengths usually according to LUBW-FG10 (data record entries), catchment areas according to LUBW-GEZG, lake areas according to LUBW-SG10, height information according to the contour image on the geodata viewer. Other sources for the information are noted.

Supreme source

the Murr itself on the south-eastern slope of the wooded Hoblersberg after Murrhardt- Frontwestermurr down to about 505 m above sea level. NHN . Some other sources in the river system are significantly higher, cf. about below the Fautsbach .

Source to Fornsbach

Partly with tributaries of a higher order. The river system is subtle in this area.

Inflow from the official Murr spring about 250 m southeast of the central intersection in Vorderwestermurr at 455.5 m above sea level. NHN , from the left, less than 0.2 km. This branch is much shorter than the upper reaches of the Hoblersberg .

Fautsbach , from the right at the Westermurrer Mühle (!) In

a 0.0781 hectare pond, 2.35 km and 2.57 km². Flows past Fautspach (!), Its source rises at about 540 m above sea level. NHN on the northeast slope of the ox . The Fautsbach is slightly shorter than the Hoblersberg branch, but has about three times as much catchment area. The combined stream flows further north-northeast in the direction of the Fautsbach .

Right arm of the source of the Fautsbach , from the right on the southern edge of Fautspach to about 457 m above sea level. NHN , 0.998 km. Arises in a steep blade also at about 540 m above sea level. NHN on the northeast slope of the ox , almost as long.
Inflow from the northwest, from the left in front of a footbridge at Fautspach at about 453 m above sea level. NHN , 0.639 km. Arises at about 483 m above sea level. NHN and flows through a 0.1103 hectare pond just before the mouth .
Inflow from the southwest, from the left to just under 450 m above sea level. NHN , about 0.662 km. Arises at about 500 m above sea level. NHN in the hillside forest south of Fautspach.
Gruppenbach , from the right in front of the Westermurrer Sägmühle (!) At a road triangle at about 453 m above sea level. NHN , 1.145 km. Highest source at around 487 m above sea level. NHN not far from the previous one.

Taubenbach , from the left in the middle of the wooded Murr-Klinge at less than 390 m above sea level. NHN , 2.211 km. Rises close to the source of the Hoblersberg -Murr.

Klein-Taubenbächle , from the right in the direction of Vorderwestermurr to about 420 m above sea level. NHN , 0.483 km. Arises at about 453 m above sea level. NHN

Bronnenbächle , from the left to about 408 m above sea level. NHN , 1.04 km. Arises on the edge of the Kirchmahd to the forest at about 465 m above sea level. NHN .

Sitterichbach , also Gießbach , from the right shortly after the previous one, 2.736 km and 2.425 km². Top source on the Gehrn near Kaisersbach -Rotenmad at about 540 m above sea level. NHN .

Bach from the Gehrn slope, from the right to about 460 m above sea level. NHN , 0.517 km. Arises at about 523 m above sea level. NHN .
Gehrnbach , from the right to around 445 m above sea level. NHN , 0.597 km. Arises in a blade at about 515 m above sea level. NHN .
Brook from the Upper Forest , from the right opposite Hinterwestermurr at over 440 m above sea level. NHN , 0.685 km. Arises in a blade at about 500 m above sea level. NHN .
Bach from the Hirschlecke , from the left at the sports field of Hinterwestermuss at less than 440 m above sea level. NHN , 1.171 km. Arises at about 484 m above sea level. NHN . Flows through a 0.0956 hectare pond in front of the sports field .

Shortly before the inflow of the following, the route of the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes valley, lower mouth spur and valley of the tributary crosses .

Köchersbächle , from the left at Sauerhöfle already in the hallway at about 410 m above sea level. NHN , 1.72 km. Arises on the eastern Rißberg at about 464 m above sea level. NHN .

Klettenbach , from the right at Klettenhöfle to about 400 m above sea level. NHN , 2.041 km and 1.165 km². Arises southeast of the castle courtyard on the edge of a bay in the Upper Forest at about 488 m above sea level. NHN .

Exit of a Mühlkanal to Klingen, immediately afterwards to the left, 0.649 km. Opens into the lower reaches of the following.

Stream from the east-southeast valley basin, from the left at the bridge to Klingen at almost 390 m above sea level. NHN , 0.859 km. Arises west of Köchersberg at around 435 m above sea level. NHN .

Otterbach , from the right in front of the Raitberg mountain spur surrounded by the Murr at around 514 m above sea level. NHN , 5.368 km and 14.849 km². Flows past Mettelbach, a source on the northeast slope below the Kaisersbacher Spatzenhof and south of the Weidenhof at around 530 m above sea level. NHN . Has shorter upper reaches, but a slightly larger catchment area than the Murr branch.
- Slope inflow from below Heumahden , from the right after the forest exit to about 458 m above sea level. NHN , 0.6 km. Origin at about 542 m above sea level. NHN .
- Slope inflow from below Heumahden , from the right together with the previous one, 0.4 km. Origin at about 515 m above sea level. NHN .

Fornsbach , from the right between Eisenschmiedmühle and Wahlenmühle at about 307 m above sea level. NHN , 8.297 km and 17.559 km². Origin at the northern bend in the road in the hamlet of Wolfenbrück von Oberrot at about 472 m above sea level. NHN .

See tributaries there.

Fornsbach to Lauter

Neu Fornsbach , from the right opposite the Wahlenmühle, 0.4 km and approx. 0.1 km².

(Inflow from the Raitklinge ), from the left through the mill canal of the Wahlenmühle, 1.0 km and approx. 0.2 km².

Kölschklingenbach , from the left in front of Murrhardt-Hausen, 0.9 km and approx. 0.3 km².

Grundbach , from the left opposite Hausen, 0.7 km and approx. 0.4 km².

Fehlbach , from the right through the Alm settlement of Murrhardt, 1.9 km and approx. 1.5 km².

(Inflow from the wooden blade ), from the left at the beginning of Murrhardt's residential development, 1.1 km and approx. 0.6 km².

Großkehbach or Kehbach , from the left in front of the Murrbrücke on the L 1066 in Murrhardt, 3.2 km and approx. 2.8 km².

Trauzenbach , in the lower course of Dentelbach , from the right between Murrhardter old town and train station, 8.0 km and 16.7 km².

(Inflow from Waltersberg ), from the left under the Großgartenweg in the west of Murrhardt, 0.8 km and 0.2 km².

Hörschbach , from the left near Adalbert-Stifter-Straße von Murrhardt, 5.5 km (with Mähderbach on the left upper course ) and 8.8 km².

(Slope inflow from the direction of the Hasenhof), from the left at the Murrhardter sewage treatment plant, 0.5 km and approx. 0.2 km².

Harbach , from the right at the sewage treatment plant, 6.4 km and 6.8 km².

(Slope inflow from the Hölzle ), from the left, first inflow now on the district of Sulzbach an der Murr , 0.6 km and under 0.1 km².

Seebächle , from the right and northeast across from Sulzbach-Schleißweiler, 0.7 km and approx. 0.3 km².

Eschelbach , from the left in Schleißweiler, 4.0 km and 4.8 km².

Haselbach , from the right through Bartenbach, 6.7 km and 8.7 km².

(Slope inflow), from the left, 0.6 km and approx. 0.1 km².

(Slope inflow), from the left, 0.4 km and approx. 0.1 km².

(Slope inflow), from the left across from the upper outskirts of Sulzbach, 0.7 km and approx. 0.2 km².

Gronbach , from the right at the Sulzbacher Gronbachmühle, 1.3 km and approx. 1.0 km².

Fischbach , from the right in Sulzbach at the Häfnergarten, 8.3 km (with Schlatbach on the right upper course ) and 14.3 km².

Seebach , from the left across from Gartenstraße, 1.4 km (with Scheiterklingenbach on the right upper course ) and approx. 0.7 km².

Reizenbach , from the left of the Uferstraße, 1.1 km and approx. 0.6 km².

"Spiegelberger" Lauter , from the right a little west of Sulzbach at 260.5 m above sea level. NHN , 15.6 km and 50.7 km².

Louder to Backnanger Bay

(Slope inflow through the floodplain), from the right in the farm meadows across from the Sulzbach sewage treatment plant, 0.6 km and approx. 0.2 km².

(Inflow from the Metzelhäule forest area ), from the left a little after the sewage treatment plant and before the hamlet of Ellenweiler von Oppenweiler , 1.4 km and about 0.6 km².

Rossstallbach or Roßstallbach , from the right at Ellenweiler, last in a ditch that branches off from the previous one, 1.3 km and approx. 1.0 km².

(Inflow from the Waldgewann Kräuter ), from the left in the Auengewann Brühl , 1.0 km and approx. 0.2 km².

→ (exit of the Mühlkanal to Oppenweiler Rüflensmühle), to the right.

(Auengraben), from the left to the Rüflensmühle, 0.4 km and approx. 0.2 km².

Reichenbach , from the left through Oppenweiler-Reichenbach opposite the Rüflensmühle, 2.0 km (with left or with an unnamed right upper course) and approx. 1.5 km².

← (return of the Mühlkanal of the Rüflensmühle), from the right immediately after the previous one, 0.3 km and approx. 0.1 km².

Tierbach , from the right at the Oppenweiler settlement boundary in the valley, 3.0 km and 1.7 km².

Rohrbach , from the right in Oppenweiler am Wasserschloss , 4.2 km and 4.6 km². The castle is located in the middle of a

0.5 hectare lake fed by a branch of the stream .

Froschbach , from the right on this side, southern edge of the settlement of Oppenweiler, 1.6 km and about 0.6 km².

Eichelbach , from the left after crossing Aichelbach (!), 3.9 km and 2.3 km².

Dinkelbach , from right to the hamlet of Zell von Oppenweiler, 0.9 km and about 0.4 km².

Frauenklingenbach , from the left just before the Oppenweiler Schützenhaus opposite, 2.6 km and 1.8 km².

Kreuzhaubach , from the right shortly after the Oppenweiler Schützenhaus, 1.2 km and approx. 0.6 km².

Schreppenbach , from the left to 246.7 m above sea level. NHN , 2.4 km and approx. 1.1 km². First inflow in the Backnang city area.

Backnanger Bay to Buchenbach

Bodenbach , from the left at the Murrbrücke of the K 1897 from its district Steinbach to Backnang, 1.8 km and about 2.2 km².
(Inflow from the Seelach forest ), from the right, 0.8 km and approx. 0.2 km².
Weißach , from the left at the Backnang industrial area around Eugen-Adolff-Straße, 12.3 km (with the upper reaches of Glaitenbach ) and 52.5 km².
Eckertsbach , from the right verdolt under Sulzbacher Strasse, 6.2 km and 6.3 km².
(Exit and return of a Mühlkanal), to and from the right to the roundabout on Aspacher Straße, 0.5 km and approx. 0.4 km².
(Mühlkanal der Untere Spinnerei), to and from the right near Fabrikstrasse, 0.2 km and under 0.1 km².
Krähenbach , from the right and north under the Murrtal viaduct of the federal road 14 , 5.0 km and 5.1 km².
Maubach , from the left to 229.3 m above sea level. NHN a little before Backnang-Neuschöntal on the border to Burgstetten , 5.6 km and 10.5 km².
Klöpferbach , from the right to 226.1 m above sea level. NHN after the Backnang sewage treatment plant, 10.3 km (with the left upper course Heiligentalbach ) and 17.0 km².
Wüstenbach , from the right to 220.6 m above sea level. NHN in front of Burgstetten-Burgstall, 13.0 km and 22.8 km².
Söllbach , from the left in front of Burgstall, 3.9 km and approx. 4.1 km².
(Mühlkanal von Burgstall), to and from the left, 0.6 km and approx. 0.3 km². Departure at 219.4 m above sea level NHN .
Buchenbach , from the left to 212.2 m above sea level. NHN after the Burgstetten sewage treatment plant, 24 km and 61.9 km².

Buchenbach to the mouth

Mühlkanal after the Murrbrücke near Kirchberg an der Murr , to and from the right, 0.2 km and under 0.1 km² .. Departure at about 207 m above sea level. NHN .
Eichbach , from the right in the Brühl to about 204 m above sea level. NHN , 4.1 km and 4.1 km².
Weidenbach , from the right under the landfill on the Rielingshausen Steinberg , 2.2 km and about 1.7 km².
Seewiesenbach , from the left in front of the Erdmannhausen Bugmühle, 0.8 km and approx. 0.7 km².
Sulzbach , from the right opposite the Buchhof in Steinheim an der Murr , 2.7 km and approx. 1.8 km².
Otterbach , from the right, 6.6 km (with the right upper reaches Rohrbach ) and 9.0 km².
Dienstbach , from the right on the outskirts of Steinheim, approx. 1.1 km and approx. 0.3 km².
Bottwar , from the right in Steinheim, 18.3 km (with upper reaches Auklingenbach ) and 79.6 km².

muzzle

Muzzle of the Murr from the right and finally north into the Neckar a little downstream from Marbach am Neckar . The Murr is 51.8 km long and has a catchment area of 506.8 km².

history

River history

Still in the middle Miocene , d. H. 16 million years ago, the upper course of the Murr was part of the Danubian river system, which flowed to the southeast according to the inclination of the layers . The water ran against the current direction of flow as an extension of the Lauter to the east over the so-called " Schanz ", today a small pass between Fornsbach and Fichtenberg , to the Ur-Kocher and then over the Kocher-Brenz furrow, where it meets at today's Gundelfingen met the Danube. Only the lower reaches of the Neckar at that time; the watershed was around today's Oppenweiler.

Due to the greater erosion power of the Rhenish tributaries, driven by their steeper gradient, the original Murr was tapped and reversed through the Neckar. In the course of time, the Jura layers, on which the river system was originally built, were removed and the valleys in the Keuper or Muschelkalk “traced”.

The noticeable kink of the Murr at the Fornsbacher Talspinne, the orientation of almost all upper reaches of the tributaries in eastern directions and their obtuse confluence with the Murr are still indications of the formerly reversed direction of flow. The fact that this itself flows into the Neckar against its direction of flow is due to the fact that it uses an old loop of the river in this section.

History of civilization

In ancient times , the area on the Murr was part of the Roman Empire, which it had conquered from the local Celtic population. After the Romans had advanced to the Neckar around 85 AD and built the Benningen fort opposite the mouth of the Murr , they moved the border and fort occupation around 150 AD to the area of today's Murrhardt. At that time there was a fort in the south-eastern part of today's old town and the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes crossed the upper Murr at the level of the nearby Alm settlement as well as the upper Murr to the west of the Sauerhöfles before the large headwave. The inhabitants of the camp village near the fort are referred to in surviving inscriptions as vicani Murrenses ("Vicus inhabitants of the Murr"), evidence of the traditional river name. A Roman road connected the forts of Murrhardt and Benningen, but only in its upper and middle part consistently adhered to the Murrtal; in the west, however, their route ran slightly north of the later salt road and today's state or district road, which leads from Oppenweiler via Großaspach to Rielingshausen .

The Romans were driven out by the Alemannic conquest in the 3rd century. After the Alemanni were subjugated by the Franks at the end of the 5th century, the border between the two tribes moved into the Murr region. The name of the "welding bridge " between Rielingshausen and Erdmannhausen is in the 14th century as swabesprugge , d. H. "Schwabenbrücke" (Swabian Bridge), which suggests that the Murr could have been in the lower reaches of the border river. The Franconian Murrgau was named after the river .

The rafting on the Murr, first mentioned in 1469, was of economic importance . For this purpose, the Murr was prepared over a total of 48 km, and the tributaries in the Murrhardter Forest were also made usable for this purpose. The rafting rights lay with the Dukes of Württemberg , who entrusted various subjects with them until the city of Marbach bought them in the middle of the 16th century. At the beginning of the 18th century, wood from the Murr played a major role in the construction of the new city of Ludwigsburg . In the 19th century, the railroad replaced rafting, which was discontinued in 1872. Relics of the rafting industry, which required numerous dams, can still be found on the Murr and its tributaries, for example a former driving lake is located near Untereustetten am Göckelbach , and pierced dams of former lakes can be seen in numerous other places.

After the first phase of railway construction in Württemberg had completely bypassed the Swabian-Franconian Forest, the Murrtal caught the interest of the railway planners in the early 1870s. With the Murrtalbahn and the Gäubahn , a transversal was created that crossed the country from northeast to southwest from 1880 and paved the way for the places of the Murrtal into the industrial age. While the main branch of the Murrtalbahn ran along the river between Fornsbach and Backnang, a branch line called the Small Murrbahn opened up the lower section of the valley to Marbach. In 1894 the Marbach – Steinheim section was made accessible to rail traffic with the Bottwarbahn ; however, this line has now been closed. At the level of the village of Murr, the river is still crossed by a former railway bridge.

Todays use

traffic

The Murr is not navigable.

The upper Murrtal is the largest valley in the Swabian-Franconian Forest. Together with the side valley, in which Fornsbach and Mahdbach run, as well as the lower valley of the Rot , from which these are only separated by the saddle of the Fichtenberger Schanz, which is less than 1.5 km wide at the base , and the valley of the Kocher , it is one natural traffic axis that connects the greater Stuttgart area with the Hohenlohe plain and further with the greater Nuremberg area in the northeast and Würzburg in the north. The route has disadvantages, however, because the valleys are twisted and deep valleys cut through the Hohenlohe plain. The A 6 and A 81 motorways bypass the Swabian-Franconian Forest in the north and west, and the InterCity trains on the Stuttgart – Nuremberg route avoid the Waiblingen – Schwäbisch Hall route and instead pass through the Rems and Jagst valleys . The Murrtal is therefore only regionally important for traffic and only in some of its five distinguishable sections.

From the source to Fornsbach, the valley is very sparsely populated and only partially accessible by a district road.
From Fornsbach to Sulzbach, the state road 1066 runs like the Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental – Waiblingen railway line , which reaches it via the Fornsbacher Schanz and in a tunnel below from the Rottal valley .
The valley between Sulzbach and Backnang has the most traffic, here the railway and federal road 14 accompany the river; the latter already leaves the valley after Oppenweiler in order to bypass the numerous river loops and the settlement area of Backnang. On the western edge of Backnang, the 28 m high and 403 m long Murrtal Viaduct spans the B 14 valley and river, which was replaced by a new building from 2009 to 2011 as part of the expansion of the federal road.
Between Backnang and Erdmannhausen there is little traffic in the valley, which is severely cut here and only partially crossed by district roads; there is even no road at all before Burgstetten. The Kleine Murrbahn usually accompanies the valley a little higher on the southern slopes. The largest road connection at the end of this section, the old salt road, today L 1124, runs from Oppenweiler on the low-profile heights far north of the valley and crosses it on the welding bridge between Rielingshausen and Erdmannhausen.
From the welding bridge onwards, the traffic on the L 1126 that begins there is livelier, and from Steinheim onwards the inflow from the Bottwartal increases it again. From here the L 1100 follows the river to the mouth.

State of development

From the confluence of the Lauter near Sulzbach to the confluence with the Neckar, the Murr is classified as a first-order body of water . According to the Water Act for Baden-Württemberg, the river bed is therefore public property of the state and the state is responsible for maintaining the water. The upper course and the tributaries are second-order waters, i.e. owned by the municipalities, which also bear the maintenance burden.

The communities bordering the Murr have always suffered from floods in the winter months and when the snowmelts . As the water level data in Oppenweiler and Murr show, 40 times as much water flows off during a 10-year flood than the average. At the end of the 19th century, Backnang, which was particularly affected by floods, began with river corrections , which continued into the 1950s. Since then, the consequences of the floods have been considerably less severe there. In the more populated areas on the upper reaches between Fornsbach and Oppenweiler, people also protected themselves against flooding by straightening and other measures.

That is why today the course of the river is no longer natural for long stretches. A state-wide study in 2004 classified the water structure quality on the entire section from Murrhardt to Oppenweiler and in the urban area of Backnang in class V ("very much to completely changed"). The unpopulated sections from the source to Fornsbach and some unpopulated valley sections below Backnang, on the other hand, fall into classes I and II ("unchanged" to "moderately changed").

In the upper Murrtal, the municipalities of Backnang, Murrhardt, Oppenweiler and Sulzbach constituted the Murrtal Water Association in 2008 , which is now responsible for flood protection.

The town of Schleißweiler is soon to be protected against flood damage through costly structural changes, by widening and deepening the bed of the Eschelbach flowing into the Murr .

natural reserve

The Murr runs from its source to the outskirts of Backnang in the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . A number of landscape protection areas cover the entire upper course (with the exception of smaller settlement areas) from the source to the Fornsbach valley spider. In a similar way, the lower course from the tributary of the Maubach below Backnang to the mouth is under landscape protection. Several impact slopes in the urban area of Backnang are considered extensive natural monuments .

The Gaab nature reserve, a 13 hectare area on the edge of the Fornsbach valley spider, is under special protection . Here, in 1989, a hillside forest with adjacent areas was placed under protection because of its importance as a retreat, feeding and breeding space for an endangered species of bird ( gray heron ).

Due to industrialization, the Murr had to suffer badly from pollution in the past, in 1970 it even had to be described as dead water. Since then, the water quality has improved a lot through the construction of sewage treatment plants and generally improved environmental protection. In the 2004 water report, the entire course of the river is only classified as “moderately polluted” ( quality class II), and above Murrhardt-Hausen as “slightly polluted” (quality class I-II). The tributaries largely share these classifications. Only the upper reaches of the Fischbach is classified as “unpolluted to very lightly polluted” (quality class I), while the larger tributaries Weißach, Klöpferbach and Buchenbach are wholly or partially “critically polluted” (quality class II-III).

leisure

In the upper Murrtal between Fornsbach and Backnang there is a continuously paved bike path, which mostly runs on quiet farm roads and is therefore very popular with cyclists and inline skaters . The cycle path is also used as access to the forest areas of the Swabian-Franconian Forest. Such a route has not yet been set up between Backnang and Steinheim, especially since there are sometimes no paths in the valley on the Backnang – Burgstetten section.

The "Murr Regatta" is a fun race that is carried out on the Murr with self-built boats. Between the start at Oppenweiler-Zell and the finish at the youth center in Backnang, the participants have to overcome a few difficulties. Spectacular highlights and accordingly crowd pullers are the barrages , which a participant rarely survives dry. Since 1985 the regatta has been run by Aktion Jugendzentrum Backnang e. V. organizes, usually one or two weeks after the Backnang street festival. In 1997 this campaign received an entry in the Guinness Book of Records for the largest fun boat regatta in the world.

Individual evidence

↑ Height indication in black on the TK25 with blue lettering "Murrurspr".
↑ Corresponding altitude information on the TK25 in blue on the underwater of the Marbach double lock about 1 km up the Neckar and on the upper water of the Pleidelsheim double lock about 6 km downstream of the mouth of the Neckar ( storage destination ).
^ According to the State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ) from the source of the Hoblersberg overflow. However, an information board at the source of the Mur states 54.5 km from there, which seems to be too big. See the information board at Murrursprung on a website of the city of Murrhardt (second picture on the page) .
↑ State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
↑ Flood forecast center , State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (adopted on April 1st, 2016)
^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 120, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hermann Reinhardt: The river history of the Murr . In: Backnanger yearbook . tape 9 , 2001, ISBN 3-927713-31-7 , pp. 39-54 .
↑ Geological description of the Murr spring ( Memento from August 3, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
↑ Murrquelle is further upgraded - report of the Rems-Murr-Nachrichten of October 18, 2001 ( Memento of June 17, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Blade at the Westermurrer Sägmühle ( Memento from January 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
↑ outflow Oppenweiler In: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .
^ Outflow Murr / Murr In: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .
↑ level Oppenweiler In: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .
↑ Murr level in: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .
↑ Source branch according to LUBW-FG10.
↑ Only after data record entry for LUBW-FG10.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Text lettering at the mouth in blue with a height triangle on the geodata viewer.
^ Albrecht Gühring: History of the city of Marbach am Neckar . tape 1 , p. 53-55 .
^ Siegfried Häfele: The rafting on the Murr . In: Schwäbischer Albverein (Ed.): Nature - Home - Hiking. Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . 4th edition. 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2033-6 , pp. 135-136 .
↑ Murrtal Viaduct. In: Structurae
↑ Water Act for Baden-Württemberg in the version of January 20, 2005
↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: water structure quality map in the Rems-Murr district )@1@ 2
↑ Murrtal water association at www.murrhardt.de
↑ Eschelbach is being tamed with a deep bed - flood protection will devour 16 million euros in the coming years - citizens will be informed about walls and dams. In: Backnanger Kreiszeitung . December 1, 2011, accessed December 1, 2011 .
↑ State Office for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation - List of Protected Areas ( Memento from July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Water quality map Baden-Württemberg 2004 ( Memento from September 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )

Further geographical information according to official topographic maps 1: 25,000 and 1: 50,000.

literature

Reinhard Wolf : From the Swabian Forest to the Neckar Valley. Along the Murr to the mouth , in: Schöne Schwaben, 4/2003
"TK25": Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg North
"GK50-SFW": Geological map of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park 1: 50,000, published by the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg i. Br. 2001

Web links

Commons : Murr - collection of images, videos and audio files

Course and catchment area of the Murr on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
Geoportal Baden-Württemberg ( information ), especially with the partial maps / layers
- the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (LUBW)
  - "LUBW-FG10": River 1: 10,000
  - "LUBW-SG10": Standing water 1: 10,000
  - "LUBW-GEZG": water catchment areas
  - "LUBW-SCHUTZ": Various cards for the individual nature conservation categories
- of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining of the State of Baden-Württemberg (LGRB)
  - "LGRB-GTP": Geotope cadastre
  - "LGRB-GÜK300": Geological overview map 1: 300,000
"LUBW-BRSWEB": brsweb.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de with aggregated catchment areas
Pictures of Murr regattas from previous years
Murrquelle near Vorderwestermurr

[1] Height indication in black on the TK25 with blue lettering "Murrurspr".

[2] Corresponding altitude information on the TK25 in blue on the underwater of the Marbach double lock about 1 km up the Neckar and on the upper water of the Pleidelsheim double lock about 6 km downstream of the mouth of the Neckar ( storage destination ).

[3] According to the State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ) from the source of the Hoblersberg overflow. However, an information board at the source of the Mur states 54.5 km from there, which seems to be too big. See the information board at Murrursprung on a website of the city of Murrhardt (second picture on the page) .

[DE-BW_LUBW-4] State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )

[DE-BW_HVZ-5] Flood forecast center , State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (adopted on April 1st, 2016)

[DE-BW_GKJB-09120-6] German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 120, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).

[flussgeschichte-7] Hermann Reinhardt: The river history of the Murr . In: Backnanger yearbook . tape 9 , 2001, ISBN 3-927713-31-7 , pp. 39-54 .

[8] Geological description of the Murr spring ( Memento from August 3, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )

[aufwertung-9] Murrquelle is further upgraded - report of the Rems-Murr-Nachrichten of October 18, 2001 ( Memento of June 17, 2004 in the Internet Archive )

[klinge-10] Blade at the Westermurrer Sägmühle ( Memento from January 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )

[11] outflow Oppenweiler In: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .

[12] Outflow Murr / Murr In: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .

[pegeloppenweiler-13] level Oppenweiler In: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .

[pegelmurr-14] Murr level in: hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de .

[15] Source branch according to LUBW-FG10.

[16] Only after data record entry for LUBW-FG10.

[LUBW-B-17] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Text lettering at the mouth in blue with a height triangle on the geodata viewer.

[marbach-18] Albrecht Gühring: History of the city of Marbach am Neckar . tape 1 , p. 53-55 .

[floesserei-19] Siegfried Häfele: The rafting on the Murr . In: Schwäbischer Albverein (Ed.): Nature - Home - Hiking. Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . 4th edition. 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2033-6 , pp. 135-136 .

[viadukt-20] Murrtal Viaduct. In: Structurae

[wassergesetz2005-21] Water Act for Baden-Württemberg in the version of January 20, 2005

[gskarte-22] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: water structure quality map in the Rems-Murr district )@1@ 2

[23] Murrtal water association at www.murrhardt.de

[24] Eschelbach is being tamed with a deep bed - flood protection will devour 16 million euros in the coming years - citizens will be informed about walls and dams. In: Backnanger Kreiszeitung . December 1, 2011, accessed December 1, 2011 .

[steckbriefe-25] State Office for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation - List of Protected Areas ( Memento from July 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive )

[gewaesserguete-26] Water quality map Baden-Württemberg 2004 ( Memento from September 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )