North dike

This article deals with the Norddeich district of the city of Norden; further meanings under Norddeich (disambiguation) .

North dike City north
Coordinates: 53 ° 37 ′ 2 ″  N , 7 ° 9 ′ 40 ″  E
Height :	1.4 m above sea level NN
Area :	10.43 km²
Residents :	1264  (March 31, 2020)
Population density :	121 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	26506
Area code :	04931
Location of Norddeich in the urban area of ​​the north

Norddeich ( Low German Nörddiek ) is a district of the city of Norden with 1,264 inhabitants (March 31, 2020), which are spread over an area of ​​10.43 square kilometers. It is located in the north-west of East Frisia directly on the North Sea coast and has been a "state-approved North Sea resort " since 1979 .

On June 24, 2010, the then Lower Saxony Minister of Economic Affairs, Jörg Bode, awarded the district the highest level of tourism recognition with the title “ North Sea Spa ”.

Every year 2.25 million people and 175,000 vehicles travel from the port of Norddeich to the offshore islands of Juist and Norderney on the ferries operated by the Norden-Frisia shipping company . After Puttgarden and Rostock , Norddeich is the third largest passenger port in Germany and the largest in Lower Saxony.

geography

location

Western part of north dike with harbor (2013)

Mole Norddeich - entrance from the lake side with pier fire

View to Norderney, from the Norddeicher pier, across the fairway, at high tide

Norddeich belongs to the city of Norden. Norddeich is bounded in the north by the Wadden Sea , in the east and west by the districts Ostermarsch and Westermarsch II . To the south, the core city borders the place north. While agricultural areas predominate in the Lintelermarsch district to the east, the center of Norddeich is characterized by tourism. The port plays as the end point of the railroad and road connections for the supply of the offshore islands Juist (1524 inhabitants, 129,000 guests with around 984,000 overnight stays in 2014) and Norderney (6090 inhabitants, 512,000 guests (2014) with more than 3,458,000 overnight stays in Year 2014) plays an important role.

geology

While the city center lies from the north on a sand island, which is in front of the northwesternmost foothills of the East Frisian Geestrücken , the entire local area of ​​Norddeich is in the marsh . The prevailing sandy clay soil ( clay ) are considered to be very fruitful. A characteristic of these wet soils is the need for intensive drainage of the areas that are only slightly above sea level, which in Norddeich is ensured in addition to artificial bodies of water such as the harbor, canals and sluices , primarily via the Leybucht pumping station of the north drainage association.

climate

Norddeich is located in the temperate climate zone , mainly in the direct influence of the North Sea . In summer the daytime temperatures are lower, in winter often higher than in the further inland. The climate is generally characterized by the Central European west wind zone. Norddeich is located on the climatic border between high stimulus , tidal flats and coastal areas, so staying in the place can be an important healing factor for certain diseases.

According to the effective climate classification of Köppen , Norddeich is in the classification Cfb . C stands for a warm-temperate climate, Cf for a humid-temperate climate with warm summers b . The annual amount of precipitation is between 725 and 750 millimeters, the mean annual sunshine duration between 1700 and 1750 hours.

The closest weather station on the mainland coast is in Emden .

See also : Climate table in the article by the city of Emden for more information

history

The majority of the area of ​​the present-day town was used for agriculture in the Lintelermarsch until the early 18th century and was further inland than it is today. To the northwest of Norddeich there was a first pier at the foot of the dike in the village of Itzendorf . The Christmas flood of 1717 broke the dike line and flooded Itzendorf. After attempts at repair were unsuccessful, Itzendorf was abandoned after the New Year's flood in 1721 and the dike line was moved south to its current location. In the immediate vicinity of the submerged village, a 20-meter-long successor building for the port, which was in operation until 1840, was built by 1780 at the latest. To the east of it, another port developed from the end of the 18th century, which was initially called Fischerhausen (...) on the so-called Norddeich . The name of the place suggests that some fishermen lived in the settlement. Two farms and a tavern were grouped around this harbor to form a tiny settlement, which formed the nucleus of today's town.

Beach hall and changing rooms of the Norddeich seaside resort (around 1955)

Tourism also played an early role in the development of the place. Probably the oldest written evidence of this is a prospectus published on July 21, 1813 by Roolf W. Seeberg, owner of the Seebergskrug on Norddeiche . In it he explains to an honored audience : “The small seaside resort on the north dike is not far north. I will make the undersigned […] known more closely. ”This is followed by information and price information for hot and cold baths in his house on this side of the dike and for the use of a bathing carriage on the other side of the dike . Seeberg offered the resp. Gentlemen bathers also have a car service in a covered 4-seater car , twice a day - in the morning at 10 a.m. and in the afternoon at 2 a.m. - from the north. The prefect of the Ems-Oriental department intervened against this prospectus, which was in German on the front and - with a view to the Napoleonic occupation troops - in French on the back , as no approval had been obtained for publication. This, however, would have been necessary because the prospectus "could bring about an influx of foreign travelers to the outermost borders of the empire". Seeberg therefore turned to the Maire (mayor) of Lintelermarsch on August 6, 1813 - keeping to the official channels - and officially asked for a permit for his bathing establishment there. Among other things, he justified his request in the following way: “So I decided, because I live on the dyke, to set it up more comfortably before [= for ] our country people, so that gentlemen and ladies [= embarrassed ] each other publicly swim, by a machine can in farren [= drive ] leave, and a parachute to swim. "in addition Seeberg referred to the scientific paper a professor bird on the utility to use the resorts and another French essay in which bird the The thesis was that the seaside resort is almost irreplaceable in several diseases . It is not known whether the mayor granted the proposal, to which the request to refer him to Hf. Prefect Sr. gracious and benevolent was attached, is not known. The political situation changed in 1813. From then on, Norddeich was again Prussian for two years .

In 1813, Norddeich was first designated as a coastal bathing resort in the municipality of Lintelermarsch . As a port for the north to the south, however, the place played no role for a long time, as the city had its own access to the sea, where there was a seaport that was important well into the 19th century.

The establishment of the first German North Sea resort on the offshore island of Norderney in 1797 was of decisive importance for the development of the place, initially slowed down by the Napoleonic occupation (1806 to 1813) and the continental barrier established against England . This brought the pool operation to a standstill. Norddeich belonged to the Kingdom of Holland (until 1810) and finally as part of the Ems-Oriental department of France. After a short Prussian interlude from 1813 to 1815, the town fell to the Kingdom of Hanover after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . During this time, plans began to build a Fährschlenge (a paved groyne ) in front of the existing house . This project was approved by the Hanover General Direction of Hydraulic Engineering , the supreme central administrative authority for all hydraulic engineering matters in the Kingdom of Hanover , founded just a year earlier. Heavy field stones, brick rubble, iron and fir wood were then turned into an approximately 30-meter-long structure, which is attached to the Crown had a width of four meters. The maintenance turned out to be very costly as the pier was repeatedly badly damaged by storm surges and ice winters. This state-operated landing stage was followed by a privately operated ferry loop in the immediate vicinity from 1869/1870.

Fishing boats in the port of Norddeich

Norddeich Mole station (right) and ferry terminal (left) before the modernization

First steamers from Bremen and Hamburg called Norderney. These sometimes only reached the island after days. From 1843 Norderney was also approached from Emden and Leer with large steamers. On the other hand, the connection to Norddeich was maintained with small, uncomfortable sailors whose timetable was dependent on the weather conditions. In order to "bring traffic to the islands of Norderney and Juist in order", 23 men from Norden and Norderney founded the Norden steamship company in June 1871 . In the following year, with the screw steamer Stadt Norden von Norddeich, it started a scheduled, tide-dependent connection to Norderney and Juist . The ferry lanes in the port of Norddeich proved to be unsuitable as a landing stage for large steamships. With the increasing number of guests, they also reached their capacity limits. Then there was the arduous journey. Although the city of Norden was connected to the national railway network from 1883 onwards , guests and goods had to be transported from there to the Norddeich, four kilometers away, by means of horse-drawn carts, line wagons and carriages. The local fishermen also called for an expansion of the port. From 1889, Norddeich was a major construction site on the lake side. The port, pier and dams were built by 1892 . Then the tide-independent shipping traffic to Norderney could be started. The traffic to Juist remained dependent on the tides until today. Four weeks after the port opened, the railway line extended from the north to the Norddeich Mole ferry terminal was opened.

From 1905 the coastal radio station Norddeich Radio was built, which celebrated its opening in April 1907. For almost 100 years, radio telegrams were sent from there and communication was established mainly with ships on all the world's oceans. During the First World War , the station was of great importance for the Imperial Navy and was accordingly protected.

Probably in 1905/1906 citizens from Norden and Norddeich founded a spa association, which was supposed to promote cooperation between the two places, which initially failed. The bathing administration in Norddeich and the health resort administration in Norden published extensive advertising brochures separately from one another. After 1918, tourism became increasingly important. Norddeich developed from a fishing village to a seaside resort. In 1925, a Kurverein Norden / Norddeich was founded again. In the summer of 1926 every guest room in Norddeich was occupied. In 1927, 25,000 guests were counted. The Second World War slowed development because the entire coast was classified as a military field of operations from then on. The Wehrmacht set up a prisoner-of-war camp in the Friesenhof inn . 40 inmates from France and Belgium were housed here.

After the Second World War, the development of a seaside resort continued. The bathing and tourist association for the north and north dike , which was founded after the war, played a decisive role in this . In June 1951 the newly built bathing establishment was opened, and seven years later the first tide-free swimming pool was opened. In 1960, 50,000 overnight stays were recorded.

In 1962, a municipal association took over the tasks of the bathing and tourist association for the north and north dike . Norddeich was also severely affected by the storm surge on February 16-17, 1962 . The north dike, founded in 1965 from five smaller associations, had the dike significantly increased and strengthened. These measures lasted until 1988. At the same time, an 80,000 square meter sandy beach was washed up in 1969. In the same year the youth hostel started operations.

In the course of a community reform in 1972, the community of Lintelermarsch - that was the administrative name it was previously called - was incorporated into the city of Norden as Norddeich . As a result, the Kurbetriebs-GmbH of the city of Norden became the successor to the municipal association and promoted the development of a bathing resort. In 1973 a completely new bathing establishment with seawater bathing pool opened, in 1976 the Haus des Gastes . At the turn of 1979/1980, an indoor wave pool , another campsite, a leisure center and the seal rearing and research station were opened . In 1979, Norddeich received the title of state-recognized North Sea resort and in 1983 a campsite was opened on the former premises of Norddeich Radio .

House of the Guest in 2010

In 1992 the National Park Center was inaugurated as the Wadden Sea was declared a National Park . In that year the construction of the therapy center with health clinic, today's Dr. Becker Klinik Norddeich , as well as the renovation and expansion of the "Haus des Gastes"; it was completed four years later. From 2002 to 2003 the old wave pool was converted into the ocean water adventure pool Ocean Wave .

Today Norddeich records around one million overnight stays per season and has seen a major construction boom over the past 15 years. In addition to tourism, fishing continues to be an important source of income.

Development of the place name

Houses of Norddeich - View from the dike over the town in 2007

Norddeich emerged from the Lintelermarsch district . This was first mentioned in 1533 as in de Lynteler (march) . The name Lintel Marsch has been passed down for the year 1589, which finally changes to Linteler Marsch by 1645 . It is a combination of the settlement name Lintel (historical part of the city center north) with march.

Today's north dike was first mentioned as a coastal bathing resort in 1813. In the description of the earth for the Principality of East Friesland and Harlingerland from 1824, it was mentioned as Fischerhausen (...) on the so-called north dike. This name was later shortened to Norddeich, which denotes the dike north of the north .

Population development

The district Lintelermarsch was incorporated into the city of Norden as Norddeich in 1972, which is why the population development for the former municipality is given here. In 1824 the place consisted of two farms and an inn. A major boost in population development came after the end of the Second World War, when many refugees from the former eastern regions of the German Reich were taken in and new residents from East Friesland moved to the up-and-coming coastal resort. This increased the population by 66%. The proportion of displaced persons was 18.4% in 1946. In contrast to large areas of the structurally weak East Frisia, the number of displaced persons in Norddeich did not decrease, but rose to 20.6% by 1950. Due to tourism and the immigration of mostly elderly citizens from other parts of Germany, the population of Norddeich continues to grow.

year	1821	1848	1871	1855	1905	1925	1933	1939	1946	1950	1956	1961	1970	2009	2010	2016	2018
Residents	295	441	555	626	710	818	825	890	1338	1453	1212	1181	1383	1734	1747	1654	1542

politics

Political orientation

Norddeich is traditionally a stronghold of the Social Democrats . In 1919, the party received 49.9 percent of the vote in the Weimar National Assembly elections. By 1924, a strong shift to the right led to a considerable loss of votes in the SPD, which nevertheless remained the strongest party with 30.4 percent of the vote. With 24.6 percent of the vote, the right-wing German National People's Party came in second, closely followed by the NSDAP , which stood for the first time and reached 22.2 percent. In the elections of 1928 and 1930, the SPD was able to grow strongly again and came to a share of the vote of 48.3 percent (1928) and 40.7 percent (1930), while the DNVP increasingly lost votes to the NSDAP, which in 1930 with 30, 8 percent clearly took second place behind the SPD. In 1932 the NSDAP became the strongest party for the first time with 44.4 percent, the SPD received 36.3 percent of the vote. In the elections in 1933 the NSDAP received an absolute majority with 50.7 percent of the vote, while the SPD stabilized at 35.7 percent.

After the collapse of National Socialist rule , the SPD won all the federal elections in 1949 with results between 45.2 percent (1953) and 61.5 percent (1972). In the first elections in 1949, the percentage of voters who voted for a splinter group was exceptionally high at 17.9 percent and has fallen sharply since then. The CDU , which played only an insignificant role in 1949 with 5.5 percent, was able to increase its result to 38.9 percent by 1972. Since the municipal reform in 1972, Norddeich has been represented by a mayor across from the city of Norden. This office was held by Johann Saathoff until 2017, followed by Enno Janssen.

coat of arms

Blazon : In the green head of the shield a silver fish with gold fins, underneath it in silver a red lightning bolt .

The coat of arms of the former municipality of Lintelermarsch, which has formed the district of Norddeich since the municipal reform in 1972, was awarded to it on July 26, 1960. It reflects the history of the place. The lightning bolt stands for the former transmission point of Norddeich Radio, the red-silver color scheme was adopted from the paint on the transmission towers. The green in the coat of arms stands for agriculture, the silver fish with gold fins for fishing.

religion

The largest religious community in Norddeich is the Evangelical Lutheran Church . More than 60 percent of the population belong to it. The parish is part of the north parish, which is part of the Hanover regional church . The Lutheran Church in the districts of Aurich and Wittmund has the highest percentage of Lutherans in all of Germany. A first church was built in 1975. Until 1978 the Lutherans of the place were part of the Ludgeri parish in the north , since then it has been independent as the parish Arche and thus one of the youngest in the parish of the north. At the moment the community has a size of about 1000 members, a number that increases especially in the summer months due to vacation guests.

The Free Church Peace Community was formed in 1972 from an existing since 1952 home group . In 2010 it had around 150 members. The congregation celebrates its church services in the Friedenskirche of the conference and family holiday facility Haus Nazareth .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Ørsted base at the fishing port

Northland Power Base at the fishing port

The predominant economic sectors are tourism and retail. The town's business life is concentrated in particular on the two main access roads Dbody Weg and Norddeicher Straße as well as a few other streets on the dike and the spa promenade. In addition to hotels and guest houses, many restaurants and souvenir shops have settled there. In addition, fishing continues to be an important source of income.

The hotel and restaurant industry is the main source of income and the livelihood of most of the residents of Norddeich. There are a total of 1,028 full-time jobs in the tourism industry. In addition, there are a large number of part-time jobs or on a temporary basis. There are over 8,000 beds available in hotels, guest houses, guest houses and holiday apartments. In 1989 the number of overnight stays exceeded the million mark for the first time. There are currently around 1.3 million overnight stays per season in the entire city of Norden, a large proportion of which in Norddeich. Most of the guests come from North Rhine-Westphalia (around 40 percent), followed by Lower Saxony with 8 percent and Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria with a total of 25 percent. 4 percent of the visitors come from the new federal states . The share of foreign guests is low at 1.5 percent. The average length of stay of the guests is almost eight days. The majority of the guests travel to Norddeich in July and August, while demand drops significantly in the winter months. Tourism generates an annual turnover of around 44.3 million euros. Overnight tourism alone accounts for 39.5 million of this.

The two energy supply companies Ørsted and Northland Power operate maintenance and service bases for their offshore wind farms in the German North Sea in the area of ​​the fishing port .

traffic

Norddeich ferry port

The end of the federal highway 72 directly at the ferry terminal

Mole Norddeich with the Frisia I car ferry in the foreground

The Norddeicher Hafen and the Norden-Norddeich airfield , from which the North Sea islands Juist and Norderney are supplied, are important for the development of the region . The shipping company Norden-Frisia is responsible for ferry traffic to the two islands; the subsidiary FLN Frisia-Luftverkehr GmbH operates the air traffic.

Shipping

The Norddeich port is mainly used for ferry and freight traffic to the East Frisian islands of Juist and Norderney. After Puttgarden and Rostock, it is the third largest passenger port in Germany and the largest in Lower Saxony. Every year around 2.5 million passengers travel from here to the islands of Norderney and Juist. In addition, 175,000 vehicles per year are transported to the island of Norderney, which is approached every hour in summer. A total of around 11,000 scheduled trips are offered to both islands per year.

Today the fishing fleet is domiciled in the east port, the west port offers space for up to 400 yachts.

Road traffic

The federal highway 72 begins immediately at the access ramps to the ferries to Norderney and Juist and leads to the federal highway 1 near Cloppenburg . Via the B and 72 (from Georgsheil ) on the national highway 210 is connected to the connection point center Emden the Bundesautobahn 31 reached, which up to the Emden Ruhr leads. Landesstraße 5 connects Norddeich with the eastern part of the East Frisian peninsula and the coastal baths located there.

Air traffic

→ Main article : Norden-Norddeich airfield

Norddeich has a special landing pad in the west of the district with an asphalt runway 720 meters long and 20 meters wide. From here, the FLN Frisia-Luftverkehr serves a year-round demand flight with fixed departure times to Juist and Norderney. In addition, sightseeing flights, day trips to the islands of Borkum , Baltrum , Langeoog and Wangerooge as well as to Heligoland are offered.

For offshore wind farm -Testfeld alpha ventus north-northwest of Borkum, there is a helicopter service.

Rail transport

Norddeich is the only spa and recreation resort on the East Frisian coast that is directly connected to the Deutsche Bahn network. The Norddeich Mole stop , which marks the starting point of the route to Rheine , is located directly at the ferry docks. 500 meters from this and only through a level crossing which is separated Norddeich Train . Although the two stations are so close to each other, there are tariff differences. Both are served by both Intercity and Regional Express trains, specifically:

line	Tact	Line course
RE1	Every two hours	Norddeich Mole - Emden - Leer - Oldenburg - Bremen - Verden - Nienburg - Hanover
IC 35	Several trains a day	(Norddeich Mole or Emden outer harbor ) - Leer (Ostfriesl.) - Lingen - Rheine - Münster (Westphalia) - Wanne-Eickel - Oberhausen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Bonn - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Stuttgart Fridays: (not via Stuttgart) Karlsruhe - Constance
IC 56	individual trains	(Norddeich Mole -) Oldenburg - Bremen - Hanover - Magdeburg - Halle (Saale) - Leipzig (individual trains: - Magdeburg - Potsdam - Berlin ( Wannsee - Hbf - Ostbf ) - Cottbus )

The Intercitys can be used with all local transport tickets to Leer / Bremen.

See also : List of train stations with stops for Intercity trains operated by Deutsche Bahn

Rescue station of the DGzRS

Lifeboat Wilma Sikorski

The old rescue shed from 1886

The history of the station goes back to 1886, when the German Society for Rescue of Shipwrecked People (DGzRS) set up a first rescue station in Norddeich. A 7.5 meter long lifeboat was housed in a shed near the ferry house . Due to the spread of the motor lifeboats , whose radius of action was significantly larger, the density of the rescue stations on the East Frisian coast could be reduced, so that the station was closed in 1930 and the sea rescue took place from the offshore islands.

Since 1990, Norddeich has again been the DGzRS rescue station for the Wadden Sea between the East Frisian mainland and the offshore islands of Juist , Norderney and Baltrum . The lifeboat Wilma Sikorski , which was previously stationed on Wangerooge , has been at the jetty at the southern end of the Westhafen since 2017 . The 'new' boat has replaced the previous Cassen Knigge . In 1998 a new rescue shed was built behind the jetty. In the event of an alarm, the lifeboat will be manned by local volunteers.

The listed rescue shed from 1886 stands on Tunnelstrasse. Today, volunteer employees of the DGzRS regularly open the doors of the building. They show films about the work of the sea rescuers and house a small exhibition of historical rescue equipment and models of rescue units.

Education and schools

The Norddeich elementary school is barrier-free . The approximately 80 pupils are taught by eight teachers. Secondary schools can be found in the central city of the north.

High school education is ensured at the Ulrichsgymnasium and the two technical high schools in the north. The secondary, secondary and comprehensive schools responsible for Norddeich are also located there. Vocational schools are located in Aurich, Emden and Norden. These three schools coordinate their offers so that there are as few double offers as possible. The nearest university of applied sciences is in Emden , the nearest university in Oldenburg .

Culture and sights

Museums and buildings

Seals in the hatchery

The National Park House seal station was founded in 1971 and the National Park Center was added in 1993. The two institutions have been organizationally merged since 2006. The focus of the exhibition is on harbor seals , gray seals and the other marine mammals in the Wadden Sea. In addition, the biodiversity of the Wadden Sea is shown. Visitors can watch sick or motherless mammals being cared for. Up to 250,000 visitors visit the facility annually.

Sperm whale skeleton in the Waloseum

The Waloseum is located in today's Osterloog district . The focus is on the 15-meter-long and two-tonne skeleton of a sperm whale that stranded and perished in the mudflats between Norddeich and Norderney in 2003. The museum shows the history of the development of the sperm whales and explains the stranding of whales off the north coast as well as the interplay of ebb and flow . The Waloseum also has a saltwater aquarium. In addition, there is an exhibition entitled “Birds of the Coast”.

One of the two sites of the former coast station of Norddeich Radio located east of the village. The history of the station is shown in the radio technology museum Norddeich Radio in the northern city center.

Sports

Norddeich offers many opportunities to practice sports. First and foremost, there is the ocean wave pool called Ocean Wave , which was designed as a leisure pool and first built in 1979 and has been rebuilt several times and is now privately operated. Its architecture is characterized by large passenger ships . It has a total of almost 950 square meters of water, of which the so-called adventure pool alone takes up 300 square meters. There is also an (outside the dike) municipal outdoor pool. The business operations of the city of Norden also maintained the Frisia Bad, the oldest indoor swimming pool in the Aurich district. It opened on September 18, 1964. The Norddeich gymnastics hall and the Norddeich sports facility with soccer field are other sports facilities maintained by the city.

In addition, is windsurfing , surfing , kite surfing , horseback riding , beach soccer , tennis , mini golf and golf offered.

The Yacht Club Norden e. V. was founded in 1961. With more than 500 members it is the largest association in town.

The game and sports club (SuS) Frisia Norddeich e. V. was founded on October 21, 1967. The club offers football, table tennis, athletics and gymnastics.

The Equestrian Association Norddeich e. V. offers equestrian sports. There is also the Klootschießer and Boßelverein Goode Refugee Norddeich e. V. from 1912, which is the oldest association in town.

Regular events

The Norddeicher kite and greyhound festival is celebrated every year on the weekend around Ascension Day. A kite pilot competition takes place parallel to the kite festival.

The Viking Camp is a market with an atmosphere inspired by the Viking Age. It has been celebrated for several years in memory of the Battle of Hilgenriedersiel , in which the Frisians decisively defeated the Vikings . On four days there is a camp with around 50 tents. Both the performers and participants, as well as some of the visitors, dress in fanciful or medieval-looking, and a smaller number even in precisely reconstructed, garments . At the climax of the Viking camp, the battle is re-enacted.

Personalities

Metas music shed in 2010

Meta Rogall was a pioneer of beat music in East Friesland in the 1960s . From 1961 onwards, bands from Great Britain , the Netherlands and Germany performed in their house Waterkant , including Otto Waalkes with his beat band The Rustlers . In later years Otto was a DJ at Haus Waterkant for a short time . While Rogall was denied official recognition for her work for a long time, there are now books, the musical Meta, Norddeich by the Landesbühne Niedersachsen Nord and a DVD-Video documentation from the Medienzentrum Norden about her life. The discotheque, which is known beyond East Frisia, still exists today, but is now called Metas Musikschuppen .

literature

• Johann Haddinga / Martin Stromann: Norden / Norddeich - An East Frisian coastal town introduces itself . Verlag SKN, Norden 2001, ISBN 3-928327-43-7 . Overview of the city of the north with (current) information on the city's history and sights. Most of the volume also contains translations into English and is extensively illustrated by Martin Stromann.
• Karl Leiner: north north dike. Yesterday, today and tomorrow . Verlag SKN, Norden 1972.

Web links

Commons : Norddeich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Norddeich  - travel guide

• Official tourism website of the North Sea spa in Norden-Norddeich

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population according to districts norden.de.
2. ↑ districts of the city north norden.de.
3. ↑ Norden / Norddeich: About Norddeich Retrieved on August 9, 2011.
4. ↑ Ostfriesischer Kurier from June 25, 2010, p. 1 u. 3.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Tourism on the East Frisian Islands (PDF; 30.8 kB) Chamber of Commerce and Industry for East Frisia and Papenburg. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
6. ↑ Verena Leidig: Exceeded 6 million euros for the first time . Spa administration balance sheet: Norderney gained around 3.9 percent in overnight stays in 2014. The number of day visitors also increased. In: Norderneyer morning . No. 19 , 23 January 2010, p. 3 ( online edition [PDF; 912 kB ]).
7. ^ Eberhard Rack: Small regional studies of Ostfriesland . Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, p. 94.
8. ^ Eberhard Rack: Kleine Landeskunde Ostfriesland , Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, p. 34.
9. ^ Eberhard Rack: Small regional studies of Ostfriesland . Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, p. 40.
10. ↑ district Westermarsch II. Norden.de; Retrieved April 23, 2010.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Johann Haddinga, Martin Stromann: Norden / Norddeich - An East Frisian coastal town introduces itself. Verlag SKN, Norden 2001, ISBN 3-928327-43-7 , p. 48.
12. ↑ ^{a b c} Friedrich Arends: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland . Emden 1824, p. 398, Textarchiv - Internet Archive .
13. ↑ The quotations can be found in Karl Leiner: Norden Norddeich. Yesterday, today and tomorrow. Verlag SKN, Norden 1972, p. 219 ff. The spelling has not been changed.
14. ↑ ^{a b c d} Norden.de: New center of the north dike . (PDF; 603 kB) accessed on April 23, 2010.
15. ↑ history . Waterways and Shipping Directorate Central; Retrieved April 23, 2010.
16. ↑ Johann Haddinga / Martin Stromann: Norden / Norddeich - An East Frisian coastal town introduces itself . Verlag SKN, Norden 2001, ISBN 3-928327-43-7 , p. 49.
17. ^ Herbert Obenaus (Ed.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein, Göttingen 2005. ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , p. 1123.
18. ↑ Johann Haddinga / Martin Stromann: Norden / Norddeich - An East Frisian coastal town introduces itself . Verlag SKN, Norden 2001, ISBN 3-928327-43-7 , p. 52.
19. ↑ ^{a b c d e} local chronicles of the East Frisian landscape: Lintelermarsch . (PDF; 20.5 kB) accessed on April 23, 2010.
20. ^ ^{A b c} Johann Haddinga / Martin Stromann: Norden / Norddeich - An East Frisian coastal town introduces itself . Verlag SKN, Norden 2001, ISBN 3-928327-43-7 , p. 53.
21. ↑ Chronology - campsite. Retrieved February 11, 2020 . 
22. ↑ ^{a b} Norddeich district. norden.de; Retrieved April 22, 2010.
23. ^ Church district council of Ev-luth. Church district north: Our congregations , accessed on August 18, 2016
24. ↑ sprengel-ostfriesland.de: Statistical ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 30, 2012
25. ↑ The Ev.-luth. Parish of Norddeich . Homepage of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Congregation Arche ; Retrieved April 22, 2010
26. ^ Church of Peace Nazareth . Homepage of the Friedensgemeinde; Retrieved January 22, 2010
27. ↑ ^{a b} Norddeich.de : Tourism mission statement (PDF; 1.3 MB) accessed on February 27, 2012
28. ↑ reederei-frisia.de: The new ferry terminal to Norddeich , supplement to the Ostfriesischer Kurier , pp. 1–16, 17–32; Jurisprudence of the Lower Saxony judiciary: land-use planning for the island supply port in Norden-Norddeich , accessed on January 5, 2017.
29. ↑ The history and development of the FLN . fln-norddeich.de; Retrieved April 23, 2010
30. ↑ Welcome to the FLN homepage! fln-norddeich.de; Retrieved April 23, 2010
31. ^ Station Norddeich of the DGzRS. In: seenotretter.de. German Society for the Rescue of Shipwrecked People, accessed on June 15, 2020 . 
32. ↑ Seal station National Park House norden.de.
33. ↑ Waloseum norden.de.
34. ^ Association history. SuS Frisia Norddeich, accessed on February 27, 2020 . 
35. ^ Klaus Irler: Regional hype: The trailblazer . In: the daily newspaper . ( taz.de [accessed on July 14, 2017]).